過(guò)去完成時(shí)詳細(xì)講解17250課件

1、Grammar (A)The Past Perfect TenseThe present perfect tense（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）Have / has + the past participleI have received a letter from Lily recently.Has he handed in her homework yet?He has just gone to Beijing.They have never been to the USA.We have lived here for ten years.過(guò)去完成時(shí)使用要點(diǎn)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)使用要點(diǎn)：1兩個(gè)動(dòng)作

2、都發(fā)生在過(guò)去。兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去。2一個(gè)先發(fā)生，一個(gè)后發(fā)生。先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成，一個(gè)先發(fā)生，一個(gè)后發(fā)生。先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成，后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去。后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去。 Audrey had put all her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry. Audrey had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. Audrey had won an Oscar for Best Actress already when

3、she won the Tony Awards. former action later action later action former action former action later action Which happened first?1. Millie ran back to school. Millie left her magazine in the classroom. 2. Simon left school late.The football game started late.3. Daniel arrived out of breath. Daniel wen

4、t to the wrong cinema. becausebecausebecauseMillie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom. Simon left school late because the football game had started late. Daniel arrived out of breath because he had gone to the wrong cinema. Which happened first?1. Millie ran back t

5、o school. Millie left her magazine in the classroom. 2. Simon left school late.The football game started late.3. Daniel arrived out of breath. Daniel went to the wrong cinema. becausebecausebecauseMillie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom. Simon left school late be

6、cause the football game had started late. Daniel arrived out of breath because he had gone to the wrong cinema. 4. Amy lost her purse.Amy went to the police station.5. The program was on for half an hour.I got home.6. She learnt many English words.She came to our school. afterwhenbeforeAmy went to t

7、he police station after she had lost her purse.The program had been on for half an hour when I got home. She had learnt many English words before she came to our school. Something in Greens family yesterdayMr. Green got up at 6:30 a.m. Mrs. Green got ready for the breakfast before 6:30 a.m.Mrs. Gree

8、n had got ready for the breakfast when Mr. Green got up at 6:30 a.m. Something in Greens family yesterdayJim finished his homework at 7:00p.m.Mr. Green drove back home at 7:30 p.m.Jim had finished his homework when his father drove back last night.Something in Greens family yesterdaySara finished he

9、r computer work at 12:00 p.m.Jim went to sleep at 10:00 p.m.Jim had gone to sleep when Sara finished her computer work.past perfect tense（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）由由had +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去生的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去生的動(dòng)作 構(gòu)成方式構(gòu)成方式:肯定句肯定句: had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 否定句否定句: had not+ 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句:had+ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞肯定回答肯定回答: Yes,

10、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ had. 否定回答否定回答: No, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ hadnt.基本用法基本用法:1. 1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn). .(1) 我說(shuō)自從你搬到這兒以來(lái)媽媽一直為你的懶惰我說(shuō)自從你搬到這兒以來(lái)媽媽一直為你的懶惰 而生氣而生氣.辨別：辨別：自從你搬到這兒以來(lái)媽媽一直為你的懶惰而生氣自從你搬到這兒以來(lái)媽媽一直為你的懶惰而生氣.I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here

11、.Mother has been angry about your laziness since we moved here.The film had begun before we got to the cinema.(2) 我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了.2. 2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前開(kāi)始一直過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常和byby或或since, forsince, for引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語(yǔ)連用引導(dǎo)的表時(shí)間的從句或短語(yǔ)連用, ,但必須要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去時(shí)

12、的動(dòng)作相對(duì)照但必須要與一個(gè)表示過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)作相對(duì)照. .1) 1) 他來(lái)我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年。他來(lái)我們學(xué)校之前已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年。辨別：辨別：他已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年。他已經(jīng)在那所學(xué)校工作了三年。He had worked in that school for three years before he came to our school.He has worked in that school for three years我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了.The film had begun before we got to the

13、cinema.2 2） 當(dāng)當(dāng)MillieMillie到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候, , 電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了半個(gè)小時(shí)了了半個(gè)小時(shí)了. .The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.3）到到2005年，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。年，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。試比較：試比較：By the year 2005, I had worked here for 5years.我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。I have worked here for 5 years.到目前為止，我在這

14、工作已經(jīng)五年了。到目前為止，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。By now, I have worked here for 5 years.到上學(xué)期末為止，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。到上學(xué)期末為止，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。By the end of last term , I had worked here for 5 years.到下學(xué)期末，我將完成學(xué)業(yè)。到下學(xué)期末，我將完成學(xué)業(yè)。By the end of next term, I will finish school.3. 3. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作成的動(dòng)作. . 過(guò)去的時(shí)間由過(guò)去的時(shí)間由before

15、, after, before, after, whenwhen引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來(lái)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來(lái). .1. 1. 我在你回來(lái)之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了我在你回來(lái)之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了. .2. 2. 當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí)當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí), , 已經(jīng)開(kāi)始上課了已經(jīng)開(kāi)始上課了. .3. 3. 在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了. .I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.The class had begun when I got to school.He had left before I got home.試比較試比較

16、：I had finished cooking dinner when you came back.1. 1. 你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)把晚飯做好了你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)把晚飯做好了. .辨別：辨別： 你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我正在做晚飯你回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我正在做晚飯. .所所以沒(méi)時(shí)間和你聊天。以沒(méi)時(shí)間和你聊天。I was cooking dinner when you came back. So I had no time to talk with you.試比較試比較：2. 2. 在我到家之前，他已經(jīng)走了。在我到家之前，他已經(jīng)走了。He had left before I arrived home.He wa

17、s getting ready to leave when I arrived home.辨別：辨別：當(dāng)我到家的時(shí)候，他正準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)。當(dāng)我到家的時(shí)候，他正準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)。4.4.在在told, said, knew, heard, thoughttold, said, knew, heard, thought等等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，一般用過(guò)去完成動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。時(shí)。1. 1. 她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)巴黎。她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)巴黎。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.2. 2. 我覺(jué)得我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)他。我覺(jué)得我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)他。I thoug

18、ht that I had seen him before.3. Tom3. Tom說(shuō)他借了這本書兩周了。說(shuō)他借了這本書兩周了。Tom said he had borrowed the book for 2 weeks.kept試作比較試作比較：昨天我見(jiàn)到王先生了。昨天我見(jiàn)到王先生了。自從他離開(kāi)北京我們就一直未曾見(jiàn)自從他離開(kāi)北京我們就一直未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)面。過(guò)面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beijing.自從他離開(kāi)北京我們就一直未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)面。自從他離開(kāi)北京我們就一直未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)面。 We have

19、not seen each other since he left Beijing. 5. 5. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, hope, wish, expect, think, mean, supposeexpect, think, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示去完成時(shí)表示“原本原本，未能，未能”。 1.1.結(jié)果比我們結(jié)果比我們?cè)瓉?lái)原來(lái)想象的要好。想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected.2. 我們我們?cè)驹酒谕銜?huì)來(lái)的，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。期望你會(huì)來(lái)的，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。W

20、e had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去, , 但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響的結(jié)果或造成的影響, ,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān). . 其結(jié)構(gòu)是其結(jié)構(gòu)是have/has+have/has+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞; ; 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài), , 它所表示它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去, ,更強(qiáng)調(diào)更強(qiáng)調(diào)”過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”, ,只有和只有和過(guò)去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較

21、時(shí)過(guò)去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí), ,才用到它才用到它. . 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了30003000個(gè)單詞個(gè)單詞. .到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了30003000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞. .I I have learnedhave learned 3000 English words 3000 English words so far / till so far / till now.now. I I had learnedhad learned 3000 English words 3000 English words till then.till then. 過(guò)去完

22、成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間去某一特定的時(shí)間. . They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. ( (說(shuō)明不到點(diǎn)就在車站了）說(shuō)明不到點(diǎn)就在車站了） They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.( (說(shuō)明點(diǎn)到車站的）說(shuō)明點(diǎn)到車站的）2) 2) 在沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)在沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

23、詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷，斷，先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí)I had finished my homework before my mother came back.在媽媽回來(lái)前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。在媽媽回來(lái)前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用and或或but連連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這過(guò)去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也些連詞

24、本身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí) He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.總結(jié)：總結(jié)：1 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但有先后順序。比較明顯的時(shí)間詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但有先后順序。比較明顯的時(shí)間詞是是when, before, after. 注意注意when引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2 by, till, up to引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間 by the

25、end of last term, last month 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) next term, this term 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí) by now 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3 句子中出現(xiàn)句子中出現(xiàn)for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間，必須有引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間，必須有he said, he told me, he knew等一般過(guò)去時(shí)作為參照，才能使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。等一般過(guò)去時(shí)作為參照，才能使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4 語(yǔ)境題。要根據(jù)前后句意來(lái)判斷。語(yǔ)境題。要根據(jù)前后句意來(lái)判斷。He didnt go with me, because he had been there before.一次性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的替換一

26、次性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的替換begin, start (表上映表上映) = be on , begin, start to do = doend, finish = be over open = be openclose = be closed, buy = haveborrow = keep, died = be deadleave(sw) = be away (from sw)get to know = know, come,go = be join = be in, be a member of arrive, get, reach = bebecome interested in = b

27、e interested intake a walk / rest = have a walk / restreceive/ get a letter from sb , hear from = have a letter from sbMore practiceWhen I arrived there, they_(leave) already.The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.I _(read) the book before I started school.They thought that they_(try) their best

28、.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.I _ (not realize) she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.He _ (not see) the film yesterday, because he _ (see) it already before.had lefthad startedhad readhad triedhad passed awayhadnt realized didnt seehad seen選擇填空( )1.-

29、“Did you see Tom at the party?”-“No, Mary told me that he _ by the time I got there.” A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left( )2. He said that he _ his lunch yet. A. hadnt had B. hasnt had C. wouldnt have D. was having( )3. By the end of last year we _ each other for ten years. A. have known

30、 B. knew C. were knowing D. had known( )4. I saw Li Lei yesterday. We hadnt seen each other _ I left Beijing. A. after B. before C. since D. until cA D c( )6. I learned_ the city for a long time.A.she has been in B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to( )7. He said that he _ a cold

31、for three days.A. has B. had caught C. had had D. has got( )8. I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday, but she told me she_the radio for ten days.A.has bought B. had bought C. has had D. had had ccD ( )9. The film _ when I got there. A. has begun B. had already started C .began D. have al

32、ready begun ( )10. The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. had already been on B. had already begun C. have already been on D. have already begun A B More practice:1. He told me he _(meet) her before.2. She thanked me for what I _(do) for her son.3. I _(learn) 300 words by the end of last month.4. He _(leave) his office when I arrived there.5. She _(visit) the city three times before she died