初中英語語法主謂一致

1、實用文檔初中英語語法一一主調(diào)一致一、主謂一致：主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。1.語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂 語也用復數(shù)形式。例如：Tom is a good student.湯姆是個好學生。They often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。2 .意義一致原則：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù) 形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： My family ar

2、e having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書20美元太貴了。3 .就近一致原則：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球There is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、主謂一致?？碱}型：1 .單數(shù)名詞（代詞），不可數(shù)名

3、詞做主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復數(shù)名詞（代詞）做主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。2 . many a+單數(shù)名詞做主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai.許多學生到過上海。3 . more than one+單數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。4 .表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語做主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two months is a long holi

4、day.兩個月是一個長假。Twenty pounds isn ' t so heavy. 2 0 英鎊并不太重。減4等于1Ten miles isn ' t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。Five minus four is one. 55 .主語是each/every+ 單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+ 單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用 單數(shù)。例如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每個男人和女人者

5、B在工作。6 . one and a half+復數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a half hours is enough.一個半小時足夠了。7 .動詞不定式，動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：To see is to believe眼見為實。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。8 . a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：A student or two has failed the exam.一兩個學生考試不及格。9 .當主語部分含有 with ,

6、 together with , along with , as well as , besides , except , but , like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過英格Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。10 .由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞做主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人、事物或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+ 單

7、數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+ 單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。例如：The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教師來了。（作家和教師指同一個人）The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老師來了。（作家和老師是兩個人）11 . people, police等集體名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，family, class,group, team等集體名詞做主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數(shù)形式。例如：People here are very frie

8、ndly.這兒的人很友好。His family isn ' t large.他家的人不多。我們一家人都喜歡看電視My family all like watching TV.12 . 不定代詞 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，例如：Is everyone here today.今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。Nobody was in.

9、沒有人在家。13 . each, either, neither, another, the other 做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Each of them has an English dictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neither answer is correct.兩個答案都不正確。14 .以一s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如 news, maths, physics 等， 例如： No news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。 No Maths is very popular in our class在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。15

10、 .由both and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；由 or, either or , neither - nor - ；not only but also ,not but ，連接兩 個名詞或代詞做主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers.他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。Tom or Jack is wrong.不是湯姆就是杰克錯了。Either this one or that one is ok.這一個或那一個者 B 行。16 . a number of+ 復數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞

11、用復數(shù)；the number of +復數(shù)名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： A number of famous people were invited to party.許多名人都被邀請參加這個聚會。The number of the students is over eight hundred.我們學校的學生數(shù)超過800 人。17 .當kind of, pair of, glass of等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語修飾主語時，謂語與 kind, pair, glass 等一致。例如：This pair of shoes is Tom ' s.這雙鞋是湯姆的。There are two

12、 glasses of water on the table.桌上有兩杯水。18 . the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式。例如：The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.窮人很快樂, 富人去口過得不快樂。 The beautiful lives forever.美是永存的。19 .以here , there開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與 臨近的主語一致。例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk.桌子上有一本書, 三只鋼筆。Here ar

13、e some books and paper for you.這是給你的書和紙。三、初中英語“主謂一致”難點誤區(qū)：誤區(qū)一誤認主語1. 倒裝句 Between the two buildings are a big tree. (x) Between the two buildings is a big tree. (，)【解析】 第句謂語動詞使用 are,錯誤地認為the two buildings是該句的主語，但實際上是介詞between的賓語，一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，而介詞短語不能充當主語。 該句是一個倒裝句，真正主語是a big tree 。因此第句正確。特別提醒：倒裝句的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：副詞/介詞

14、短語+謂語+主語2. 主語之后帶有介詞短語 The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. ( x) The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health.【解析】 第句誤認為apples , oranges是主語，因此謂語動詞用are ,而實際上the fruit 才是該句的主語，like apples , oranges是介詞短語作后置定語修飾the fruit。該句譯為“像蘋 果、桔子之類的水果對我們的身體是有好處 的”。因此第句是正確的。特別提醒：類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：主語+w

15、ith / like / except / but / together with/ as well as 一.,謂語動詞應(yīng)與主語一致，而與介詞短語之后的名詞無關(guān)。3. one of . . +名詞復數(shù)或復數(shù)代詞 There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada.(x) There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada.(V)【解析】one of the boys的中心詞是one,因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)，造成第句錯誤的原因主要是把

16、the boys當成了該句的主語。4. 定語從句 I like the photos which was taken in Beijing.( x) I like the photos which were taken in Beijing.(，)【解析】which were taken in Beijing是一個定語從句，用于修飾先行詞thephotos ,而which本身就代替先行詞the photos 。因此謂語動詞要用復數(shù)，造成第句錯誤的原因是沒有弄清楚關(guān)系詞which的實質(zhì)，只是從形式上看它是單數(shù) 特別提醒：定語從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。誤區(qū)二被主語的表象迷惑1 .看似復

17、數(shù)卻表單數(shù)概念 Maths are my favorite subject.( x) Math is my favorite subject. (，)【解析】maths本身是一個以“ s”結(jié)尾的單詞，而不是一個復數(shù)名詞，表示 單數(shù)概念“數(shù)學”這一學科，因此第句正確。類似的有：physics , news ,politics .一2 .看似單數(shù)卻表復數(shù)概念The police is searching for the robbers.( x) The police are searching for the robbers. (，)【解析】the police 譯為“警方”，表示復數(shù)概念，而不是

18、表示“那個警察”， 因此第句 正確，類似的詞有：people , the + 形容詞，the + 姓+ family 等 均表復數(shù)概念。3 .名詞的單復數(shù)同形There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it?( x) There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it?(，)【解析】sheep是一個單復數(shù)形式相同的名詞,由于sheep之前用的a little修飾，力口上Can you see it 中的it指代單數(shù),因此 a littl

19、e sheep 譯為“只小綿羊”，因此第句正確。如果將原題改為:There(be) a fewsheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又會怎么樣呢。特別提醒：類似的單復數(shù)形式相同的詞還有fish, Chinese, Japanese 等，要根據(jù)句子的含義和結(jié)構(gòu)暗示來判斷其單復數(shù)。4 .集合名詞Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV.( x) Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching

20、TV.(，)【解析】family是一個集合名詞，表示整體概念時謂語用單數(shù)，表示個體概念時謂語用復數(shù)。該句譯為“他們?nèi)液苄腋?，現(xiàn)在全家人正在看電視”。因此第一個family表示整體概念，譯為“家庭”，第二個 family表示個體概念，譯為“家人”，第句正確。特別提醒：類似的還有 group, class, team等既可表單數(shù)也可表復數(shù)。誤區(qū)三誤用語言規(guī)則1 .表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞做主語Ten years are quite a long time. ( x) Ten years is quite a long time.【解析】表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞的復數(shù)做

21、主語時看作一個整體，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，容易錯誤理解為復數(shù)而出現(xiàn)第句的錯誤。2 .由and連接的并列主語The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students.( x) The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students.(，)【解析】the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念，譯為“第20課即最后一課”，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。同學們?nèi)菀族e誤理解“第 20課和最后一課”，如果表示兩課， 應(yīng)該表達為“the

22、twentieth lesson and the last lesson ” o特別提醒：由and連接的并列主語表示同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示不 同的概念時謂語動詞用復數(shù)。3 .就近原則 Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. (x) Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (，)【解析】neither . . . nor 連接的并列主語(you , he )雖然表示兩個人，但根據(jù)語言規(guī)則，當它連接并列主語的時候，謂語動詞根據(jù)就近原則，該由he決定，因此第句正確 特別提醒：類似的還有 either . .

23、or, not only . but also, not . . but, 以及 there be 之后的 并列主語，謂語動詞的確定都根據(jù)“就近原則”。4. this kind of, a piece of, this pair of等短語做主語This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom ' s trousers are very old. ( x)This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom ' s trousers are very old. (，)【解析】trousers做主語時，謂語動詞

24、用復數(shù)，但當它被this pair of 修飾時謂語動詞由pair的單復數(shù)確定。因此第句正確。特別提醒：this kind of, a piece of, a bag of, a box of 等，這類短語做主語時 謂語動詞的單 復數(shù)由這些短語中的名詞決定，而與它們所修飾的名詞無關(guān)。5. the rest of , half of 等短語做主語 Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it arevery difficult. ( x) Half of the students have finished

25、 most of the work.The rest of it is very difficult. (，)【解析】根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷the rest of it 中的it,指the work ,而work是不可數(shù)名詞，因此第句正確。特別提醒 all of, most of, half of, the rest of ,以及 a lot of, some, any+ 名詞做主語時，要根據(jù)后面的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)。6. 一句話提示:合成不定代詞（如 something , anybody 等）做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；動名詞、不定式、從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a number

26、of +名詞（復）做主語，謂語用復數(shù)，the number of + 名詞（復）做主語，謂語用單數(shù)；none of.作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復數(shù)。主調(diào)一致精練（一）：1. Either Jane or Steven watching TV now.A. were B. is C. was D. are2. Two days enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isn ' t B. is C. aren ' t D. are3. How many lessons do you usually h

27、ave a day?Six lessons a day. And each of them _ 45 minutes.A. last B. lasts C. have D. are4. Neither Liping nor I a basketball player.A. am B. is C. be D. are5. There many new words in Lesson One, It is very easy.A. is B. aren ' t C. isn ' t D. are6. The number of the students in our school

28、1200.A. is B. are C. has D. have7. Maths my favorite subject.A. be B. is C. am D. are8. The boy with the two dogs when the earthquake rocked thecity.A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep9. Every one except Tom and John there when the meeting began.A. are B. is C. were D. was1

29、0. That place is not interesting at all,of us wants to go there.A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some11. Nobody but Jane the secret.A. know B. knows C. have known D. is12. What ' s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There some eggs and cakes on it.實用文檔A. is B. are C. was D. were13. This pair o

30、f glasses mine.A. are B. be C. is D. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday.A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were inverted15. Two months quite a long time. Yes, I' m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were16. In the city the old.A. take g

31、ood care ofB. are taken good care ofC. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of17. His family all very kind and friendly, His family a happyone.A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are18. The singer and the dancer come to Beijing.A. has B. have C. Are D. is實用文檔19. The children in this

32、 class each a new school bag.A. have B. has C. has got D. are having20. All but one here just now.A. is B. was C. has been D. were參考答案：1 5 BABAB 2 10 ABCDA 11 15 BBCBA 1620 BABAD主調(diào)一致精練（二）：1. The news very worth listening to.A. be B. is C. are D. am2. this pair of glasses yours? No. My glasses on the desk.A. Is, is B. Are