英語直接引語和間接引語PPT課件

1、 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech引語的概念引語的概念直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引述別人的原話，叫 _;_;直接引語直接引語 用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫 _。間接引語間接引語直接引語通常都用直接引語通常都用_括起來，括起來， 引號引號“ ” “ ” 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 就是寫成就是寫成賓語從句賓語從句Direct Speech直接引語直接引語 Indirect Speech間接引語間接引語She said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a

2、 bus.”She said, “I visited Europe last year.”She said she liked singing.She said she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before. 直接引語是陳述句直接引語是陳述句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引語時用變?yōu)殚g接引語時用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句. .用用say(to me),tell, say(to me),tell, think, wish , hope, see, believe, think, wish , hope,

3、 see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feelagree, expect, hear , feel引述引述。連。連詞詞thatthat只起連接作用，不做句子成分，只起連接作用，不做句子成分，也無詞匯意義，常被省略也無詞匯意義，常被省略。從句中的從句中的人人稱、時態(tài)、稱、時態(tài)、等相應(yīng)變化等相應(yīng)變化. .、人稱的變化、人稱的變化一一隨隨主主二隨賓二隨賓第三第三人稱人稱不變不變引號內(nèi)的第一人引號內(nèi)的第一人稱變間接引后與主稱變間接引后與主句主語的人稱保句主語的人稱保持一致持一致引號內(nèi)的第二人引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保句賓語的人稱保持一致

4、持一致引號內(nèi)的第三人引號內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱在變間引后人稱不變稱不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said toLily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引

5、語一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 任何時態(tài)任何時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般過去時一般過去時 過去完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時過去完成時一般將來時一般將來時 過去將來時過去將來時The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.注注: : 直引若是客觀真理直引若是客觀真理, ,變?yōu)殚g引時變?yōu)殚g引時, ,時態(tài)不變時態(tài)不變. .時態(tài)變化2 2賓語從句的時態(tài)賓語從句的時態(tài)1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，

6、從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如： He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。 The children didnt know who he was.3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)

7、。 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語指示指示代詞代詞 時時 間間 狀狀 語語 地點狀語地點狀語 方向性動詞方向性動詞 this, these that, those now then today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before tomorrow the next/following daynext month the next/ following month here there come, bring go, take情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 can, may, mus

8、t could,might,had to 解題步驟解題步驟: :1.1.陳述句陳述句“I dont like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.Sandy said to her friends that I dont like computers.saiddidntsheSandy said to her friends that she didnt like computers.1“I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “I have found my wallet.”

9、 he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.4. “You must come here before five.” he said.5. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”6. “Im glad to get your e-mail.”

10、 He said to me . 直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時，要把疑問直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時，要把疑問語序變?yōu)檎Z序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序陳述語序。用。用askask引述，直接引語是一般疑引述，直接引語是一般疑問句問句, ,用用if 或或 whether 連接連接“是否是否”Whether,if ”Whether,if 在從在從句中不做成分，一般情況下，句中不做成分，一般情況下，whetherwhether和和if if 可以替換。可以替換。在在介詞介詞之后用之后用whetherwhether. .：Everything depends on Everything depends on whe

11、therwhether we have enough money we have enough money。在具有選擇意義，與在具有選擇意義，與or notor not連用時，往往用連用時，往往用whetherwhether例：例：I dont know I dont know whetherwhether the movie star will the movie star will come come or not.or not. 2.2.一般疑問句一般疑問句: :Is it easy to work out the problem?( They asked him )They asked

12、 himifIt is easy to work out the problem.it is easy to work out the problem.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.直接引語是直接引語是特殊疑問句特殊疑問句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引語時變?yōu)殚g接引語時, ,仍仍用用原來原來的疑問詞的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)。作連詞來引導(dǎo)。由由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等

13、連接的等連接的賓語從句，它們在句中即有連接從句的作用，賓語從句，它們在句中即有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。賓語從句的語序，無論主句是陳述句還是疑賓語從句的語序，無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，3.3.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he

14、harvested the wheat.1. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.2. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _3.Do you go to school on foot? I said to Mike. 4.Is your mother a worker? She asked me. 5.Does Mary study hard? He wants to know. 6. He as

15、ked, “How do you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ it.7.“Where are you these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _these days. 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，把動詞原形變成把動詞原形變成動詞不定式動詞不定式，并在動詞不，并在動詞不定前加定前加tell, ask, order , advise等動等動詞的賓語。詞的賓語。注意：注意：否定句，在動詞不定式前加否定句，在動詞不定式前加not或或never. .Direct Speech

16、Indirect SpeechThe policeman ordered us to be quiet.The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”The teacher told the boy to open the window The teacher said to the boy ,”O(jiān)pen the window .”賓語從句與簡單句的交換賓語從句與簡單句的交換由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果賓語果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人時，可以用時，可以用“疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式”

17、做賓語的簡單做賓語的簡單句結(jié)構(gòu)。句結(jié)構(gòu)。例例He didnt know where he would live. He didnt know where to live.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street

18、 now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I sh