中考題型單選和詞匯專項講解

1、2021/3/271中考解題方法指導(dǎo)之中考解題方法指導(dǎo)之2021/3/272 單項選擇考什么單項選擇考什么? 從近幾年來常州的中考試卷分析可以看出從近幾年來常州的中考試卷分析可以看出, ,單項選擇題的考點主要分布在單項選擇題的考點主要分布在: :名詞、動詞、名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞; ;時態(tài)、語態(tài)時態(tài)、語態(tài); ;詞義辨析、賓語從詞義辨析、賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句及交際用語上句、定語從句、狀語從句及交際用語上。 在做單項選擇題時在做單項選擇題時, ,同學(xué)們除應(yīng)具有較扎實同學(xué)們除應(yīng)具有較扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)知識和善于思考

2、外的語言基礎(chǔ)知識和善于思考外, ,掌握一些解掌握一些解題方法是很有必要的。題方法是很有必要的。2021/3/273Step 1 讀讀Step 2 排排Step 3 選選Step 4 驗驗2021/3/274Step 1 閱讀審題閱讀審題 首先要默讀試題中的英語句子首先要默讀試題中的英語句子,了解空格在句了解空格在句中所處的位置中所處的位置,句子缺少什么成份句子缺少什么成份,初步確定初步確定一個答案的范圍。根據(jù)備選答案二者結(jié)合起一個答案的范圍。根據(jù)備選答案二者結(jié)合起來就會大致明白考查什么。來就會大致明白考查什么。2021/3/275觀察排除觀察排除 這是一個快速而又嚴(yán)密的思維過程。要這是一個快速

3、而又嚴(yán)密的思維過程。要求將試題中所提供的條件和備選答案的求將試題中所提供的條件和備選答案的情況結(jié)合起來去分析、推理、排除那些情況結(jié)合起來去分析、推理、排除那些明顯不符合試題明顯不符合試題,甚至本身就有錯的各選甚至本身就有錯的各選項目項目,再在剩余的備選中比較分析。再在剩余的備選中比較分析。2021/3/276選擇判斷選擇判斷 在分析句子和備選答案的基礎(chǔ)上在分析句子和備選答案的基礎(chǔ)上,經(jīng)過反復(fù)驗證經(jīng)過反復(fù)驗證,選出一個使句子語選出一個使句子語法正確、語意通順法正確、語意通順,符合邏輯道理符合邏輯道理的答案。的答案。2021/3/277復(fù)查驗證復(fù)查驗證 將所選答案放在句中空格處再默將所選答案放在句

4、中空格處再默讀全句。首先看是否順口讀全句。首先看是否順口,再在讀再在讀法、意思和邏輯關(guān)系上推敲一下法、意思和邏輯關(guān)系上推敲一下,完全符合條件則可放心。完全符合條件則可放心。2021/3/278 根據(jù)語感立即確定答案。有些單選題根據(jù)語感立即確定答案。有些單選題,簡單易簡單易懂懂,僅僅考查語言點僅僅考查語言點,考生往往憑已掌握的知考生往往憑已掌握的知識和語感能夠直接選定正確答案。識和語感能夠直接選定正確答案。如如:We often have sports after class,and I like to play _ basketball.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填不填解 析

5、:本題考查冠詞的用法本題考查冠詞的用法,根據(jù)詞組根據(jù)詞組“ play basketball ”,中間無冠詞中間無冠詞, 直接選答案直接選答案 D .方法一方法一:直接法play _ basketball2021/3/279 許多題目都有一些關(guān)鍵詞許多題目都有一些關(guān)鍵詞,它們對于快速而準(zhǔn)確地它們對于快速而準(zhǔn)確地判斷出答案起著至關(guān)重要的作用。找到句中的關(guān)判斷出答案起著至關(guān)重要的作用。找到句中的關(guān)鍵詞鍵詞,也就找到了解題的突破口。也就找到了解題的突破口。方法二方法二:關(guān)鍵詞法 -Is Wei Fang good at singing? -Yes , she is.We often hear her

6、_ in the next room. A. to sing B. sings C. sing D. singing often hearhear sb do(經(jīng)?；蜃鲞^經(jīng)?；蜃鲞^) doing（正在做）（正在做）2021/3/2710 The boy was seen _ into the house and go upstairs an hour ago. A. to enterB. entering C. to walk D. walkingbe noticed/heard/seen/made to do (被動被動) notice/hear/see/make sb do (主主動動)

7、seen2021/3/2711 在對四個選項難以確定的情況下在對四個選項難以確定的情況下,考生可以考生可以采取逐個排除法采取逐個排除法,把沒有被排除的答案定為把沒有被排除的答案定為正確答案。正確答案。方法三方法三:排除法2021/3/2712 Wheres Lucy? Im not sure. She _ in the library. A. maybe B. must be C. may be D. may 句中沒有謂語動詞句中沒有謂語動詞 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ +動原動原2021/3/2713 The young man was caught for murder because he ki

8、lled _ girl.A a 8- years -old B an 8-years-oldC an 8-year-old D a 8-year-old 冠冠-形形-名名,去去?加加?復(fù)合形容詞復(fù)合形容詞8 8eight 前用前用 an2021/3/2714有些單選題不能很快確定答案有些單選題不能很快確定答案,必須對其必須對其時態(tài)、語態(tài)及同義詞等方面進(jìn)行比較時態(tài)、語態(tài)及同義詞等方面進(jìn)行比較,最后最后選出答案。選出答案。方法四方法四:比較法2021/3/2715HeHes never heard to sing songs, _?s never heard to sing songs, _?_.

9、 He once took the first place in a big singing competition in our school. A. has he; Yes B. hasn A. has he; Yes B. hasnt he; Not he; No C. is he; Yes D. isn C. is he; Yes D. isnt he; Not he; No 前肯后否前肯后否,前否后肯前否后肯is heis heYesYes2021/3/2716 _ enjoyable it is to travel by air! _.“形容詞形容詞”時感嘆詞是應(yīng)用時感嘆詞是應(yīng)用h

10、ow how 去掉去掉 C C、D D做飛機去旅行多愉快啊做飛機去旅行多愉快啊! !So it is. 正裝（陳述句語序）是表示對前者的肯定正裝（陳述句語序）是表示對前者的肯定,意思意思是是:“它的確是的它的確是的,果真是的果真是的”。 。So is it. 倒裝（一般疑問句語序）是表示另外的人和事倒裝（一般疑問句語序）是表示另外的人和事有相同的情況有相同的情況, 意思是意思是:“它也是。它也是?！?是的。是的。A. How, So is itB. C. What, So is itD. What So it is So it is B B How2021/3/2717例例: :我這周末做作業(yè)

11、很認(rèn)真。我這周末做作業(yè)很認(rèn)真。I did my homework carefully this weekend.So you did.是的是的, ,不錯不錯, ,你是認(rèn)真的。你是認(rèn)真的。你的同班同學(xué)們也是認(rèn)真的。你的同班同學(xué)們也是認(rèn)真的。So did your classmates.So+主主+ 助動助動詞詞.So+ 助動詞助動詞+ +主主我我你你你的同班同學(xué)們你的同班同學(xué)們2021/3/2718 -Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday ?-If I dont go, _ .A. so does he B. so he w

12、ill C. neither will he D. neither does hedont引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該是引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該是 neither或或norIf主句用一般將來詞主句用一般將來詞,if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般現(xiàn)在時表示,比較比較 C 、 D 兩個選項兩個選項,正確正確答案應(yīng)為答案應(yīng)為 C .2021/3/2719有些題目的選項有些題目的選項,從語法上判斷答案不只一個從語法上判斷答案不只一個,這時可以通過邏輯推理的方法得出正確答這時可以通過邏輯推理的方法得出正確答案。案。如:There are _ people in the street because it

13、is almost midnight . A. a few B. few C. a little D. little方法五方法五:邏輯推理法peoplebecause it is almost midnightpeoplepeople為可數(shù)名詞為可數(shù)名詞 a few 和和 few 都可修飾都可修飾 people ,此題的意思此題的意思:“因為時間幾乎是半夜了因為時間幾乎是半夜了,所以街上幾乎沒有人。所以街上幾乎沒有人?！比暨x若選A ,不合邏輯不合邏輯,所以所以,只有只有 B 是正確的。是正確的。2021/3/2720有的單選題應(yīng)根據(jù)固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語選正確答案有的單選題應(yīng)根據(jù)固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語

14、選正確答案.1. -Do the dishes, John, or I will tell Mum. -Mind your own_, Lily.A. matter B. event C. choice D. business2. The teacher asked angrily, Whats your _ for being late this time, John? Did your bike break down on your way a fifth time?A. idea B. mind C. excuse D. result方法六方法六:固定搭配判斷法2021/3/2721忠告

15、忠告:要有解題痕跡。要有解題痕跡。把句中的關(guān)鍵信把句中的關(guān)鍵信息或暗示信息圈起來息或暗示信息圈起來,根據(jù)這些信息或根據(jù)這些信息或上下文排除選項中的上下文排除選項中的A、B、C或或D,并并要在上面要在上面劃掉劃掉,這樣一目了然這樣一目了然,在答題卡在答題卡上涂時就不會出錯了。上涂時就不會出錯了。10道選擇題要做道選擇題要做到到一次為準(zhǔn)一次為準(zhǔn),一定要細(xì)心一定要細(xì)心,難難題目讀題目讀2遍后遍后開始答題開始答題,注意注意“陷阱陷阱”。盡量用。盡量用排除排除法法來解題。來解題。2021/3/27221)-What are you going to do, Jane?-Oh, my mother ask

16、s me _ some food for supper. A buy B to buy C buys D buying2) We have worked for three hours. Now lets stop _a rest.A had B have C to have D having ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事叫某人做某事 stop to do sth 停下來停下來2021/3/27233) We have got two TV sets, but _ works well. A. any B. both C neither D either 4) It_ ten

17、 years since we last _ in Beijing. A was, met B has been, met C was, meet D is ,meet is2021/3/2724常見陷阱常見陷阱 單項選擇題考查準(zhǔn)確而靈活的單項選擇題考查準(zhǔn)確而靈活的運用語法知識的能力和在語境中運用語法知識的能力和在語境中進(jìn)行交際的能力進(jìn)行交際的能力, ,因此因此, ,答題時應(yīng)答題時應(yīng)該隨機應(yīng)變該隨機應(yīng)變, ,靈活作答。以下是常靈活作答。以下是常見的陷阱類型。見的陷阱類型。2021/3/2725陷阱一陷阱一:利用固定詞語或固定搭配干擾選利用固定詞語或固定搭配干擾選項。如項。如1）Ma Yun s

18、aid he would prefer _ more attention to helping the poor children in Chinas poor areas in the future. A. paying B. paid C. to pay D. payprefer2021/3/2726陷阱二陷阱二:省略句子成分省略句子成分,干擾選項。干擾選項。1）-What do you think made the little girl so happy? -_ a new dress. A .Because she bought B . Buying C .Because of bu

19、ying D . As she bought made the little girl so happy.2021/3/2727陷阱三陷阱三:套用某種句型套用某種句型,干擾固定搭配。干擾固定搭配。 When he went to see the doctor , he was told not only _to bed early, but also _ more exercises. A go, do B going, doing C to go, to do D went, did not only but also 2021/3/2728陷阱四陷阱四:利用漢語思維利用漢語思維,干擾選項。

20、干擾選項。1)The price of gold is _ than before. A. expensive B .more expensive C. high D. higher. than東西用貴賤（東西用貴賤（expensive/cheap）價格用高低（價格用高低（high/low）2021/3/2729陷阱五陷阱五:導(dǎo)致時態(tài)誤用導(dǎo)致時態(tài)誤用,干擾選項。干擾選項。1）I dont know if he _here , I will tell you if he _. A comes, comes B will come, comes C comes, will come D will

21、come, will come2021/3/2730陷阱六陷阱六:混用相似句型句式混用相似句型句式,干擾選項。干擾選項。1）Shanghai is larger than_ city in India. A any other B the other C any D the city比較時若包含本身在內(nèi)比較時若包含本身在內(nèi),則需加則需加other/else排除本身排除本身,但如不包含則不加。但如不包含則不加。2021/3/2731陷阱七陷阱七:知識記憶缺陷知識記憶缺陷,干擾選項。干擾選項。1）There is _ “u” and _ “ s” in the word “bus”. A a, a

22、n B an, an C an, a D a, a 2021/3/27321) You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _ your house. A found B to find C finding D founded陷阱八陷阱八:插入定語從句或賓語從句或插入定語從句或賓語從句或感嘆句中某部分的干擾選項感嘆句中某部分的干擾選項 have difficulty (in) doing2021/3/2733選擇題與詞匯題要一次選擇題與詞匯題要一次為準(zhǔn)為準(zhǔn),力爭不失分力爭不失分!2021/3/2734完成練習(xí)完成練習(xí)- -單項選擇部分。

23、單項選擇部分。2021/3/27351. - What are on show in the museum? Some pictures_ by Tom last week. A. took B. taken C.were taken D. are takenare on show. 2. The man we talked to _ us happy sometimes. A make B makes C made D making(we talked to)sometimes3. The man we like_ in our city next week. A singing B to

24、sing C sings D will sing(we like)4.Everything I _ to the new house. A have taken B has been taken C have has been taken D was taken(I ) +謂謂動動( by Tom)next week2021/3/2736選擇題與詞匯題要一次選擇題與詞匯題要一次為準(zhǔn)為準(zhǔn),力爭不失分力爭不失分!2021/3/2737中考解題方法指導(dǎo)之中考解題方法指導(dǎo)之2021/3/2738第第一部分一部分用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 5分分 注意點注意點:1。名詞考慮單復(fù)數(shù)名詞考慮單復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格、名詞所有格2。數(shù)詞考慮基或序數(shù)詞考慮基或序,或數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)或數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù) in his twentie