變態(tài)心理學(xué)8人格障礙student

1、變態(tài)心理學(xué)8人格障礙studentHistoric OverviewlPsychopathic personality(病態(tài)人格) : Kraepelin，1909lPsychopathylPersonality Disorder DefinitionlDSM- Diagnostic CriterialA. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture. This pattern is man

2、ifested in two (or more ) of the following areas:l1. Cognition (ie, ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events)l2. Affectivity (ie, the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response)l3. Interpersonal functioningl4. Impulse controlDefinitionlB. The endu

3、ring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situationlC. The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.lD. The pattern is stable and of long duration ands its onset

4、 can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood. The individual is at least age 18. There is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15.lE. The enduring pattern is not better accounted for as a manifestation of another mental disorderlF. The enduring pattern is not due to t

5、he direct physiological effects of a substance (eg, a drug of abuse, a medication ) or a general medical condition (eg, head trauma)DefinitionlCCMD-R Diagnostic Criterial癥狀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：個(gè)人的內(nèi)心體驗(yàn)與行為特征在整體上與其文化所期望和所接受的范圍明顯偏離，這種偏離是廣泛的、穩(wěn)定的和長(zhǎng)期的，并至少有下列1項(xiàng)l（1）認(rèn)知（感知及解釋人和事物，由此形成對(duì)自我及他人的態(tài)度和形象的方式）的異常偏離l（2）情感（范圍、強(qiáng)度及適切的情感喚起和反應(yīng)

6、）的異常偏離l（3）控制沖動(dòng)及滿足個(gè)人需要的異常偏離l（4）人際關(guān)系的異常偏離Definitionl嚴(yán)重程度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：特殊行為模式的異常偏離，使病人或其他人（如家屬）感到痛苦或社會(huì)適應(yīng)不良l病程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：開(kāi)始于童年、青少年期，現(xiàn)年18歲以上，至少已持續(xù)兩年l排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：人格特征的異常偏離并非軀體疾病或精神障礙的表現(xiàn)或后果。Major Etiological TheorylGenetic Factor： Shield（1962）：同卵雙生子研究Major Etiological TheorylBiological Factorl反社會(huì)人格障礙皮層抑制功能和警覺(jué)能力降低，腦電圖有較多慢波，交感神經(jīng)反應(yīng)減弱l

7、沖動(dòng)型或邊緣型人格5-HT能神經(jīng)元功能降低Major Etiological TheorylPsychosocial Factorl家庭環(huán)境問(wèn)題l1.童年期遭受虐待（Abuse）l2.家庭關(guān)系不良l父母教育方式Categories of Personality disorderlDSM-lCluster A: (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal) ,which includes individuals who are odd and eccentriclCluster B: (antisocial, borderline, histrionic , narciss

8、istic), which includes individuals with dramatic, acting-out behaviors and who have problems with empathy lCluster C: (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive ), which includes personality styles marked by prominent anxiety and novelty avoidanceClassificationlAntisocial Personality Disorder (反社會(huì)型人

9、格障礙)lParanoid Personality Disorder（偏執(zhí)型人格障礙）lSchizoid Personality Disorder（分裂樣型人格障礙）lHistrionic Personality Disorder（表演型人格障礙）lDependent Personality Disorder（依賴型人格障礙）lObsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder（強(qiáng)迫型人格障礙） CCMD-RAntisocial Personality Disorder ( (反社會(huì)型人格障礙反社會(huì)型人格障礙) )l又稱無(wú)情型人格障礙（Affectionless

10、 personality disorder），是對(duì)社會(huì)影響最嚴(yán)重的類(lèi)型特點(diǎn)l男性多見(jiàn)l高度攻擊性l無(wú)羞慚感l(wèi)行為無(wú)計(jì)劃性l社會(huì)適應(yīng)不良反社會(huì)型人格障礙患者違法與一般犯罪的區(qū)別反社會(huì)型人格障礙患者違法與一般犯罪的區(qū)別反社會(huì)型人格障礙患者違法一般犯罪無(wú)計(jì)劃性，常常是情緒沖突或本能愿望驅(qū)使有計(jì)劃、有預(yù)謀犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)模糊違法目的明顯缺乏掩飾作案手法隱蔽狡詐嚴(yán)重影響心理活動(dòng)的各個(gè)方面，持續(xù)和長(zhǎng)期的行為障礙人格缺陷，但未達(dá)到人格障礙的程度完全形式責(zé)任能力完全形式責(zé)任能力特點(diǎn)l男性多見(jiàn),又名狂信型人格（Fanatic personality），詭辯型人格（Querulant personality）l 固執(zhí)、敏

11、感多疑、好妒l 自我評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)高，拒絕接受他人批評(píng)l 心理活動(dòng)經(jīng)常處于緊張狀態(tài)，高度警惕Paranoid Personality Disorder（偏執(zhí)型人格障礙）特點(diǎn)l男性多見(jiàn)l孤獨(dú)、退縮、不與人交往l情感淡漠，愛(ài)好不多l(xiāng)對(duì)人缺乏熱情，缺乏知心朋友l活動(dòng)能力差，缺乏進(jìn)取性Schizoid Personality Disorder（分裂樣型人格障礙）分裂樣型人格障礙）Histrionic Personality Disorder（表演型人格障礙）（表演型人格障礙）特點(diǎn)l女性多見(jiàn)l情感過(guò)程的不成熟性l情感帶有戲劇化色彩，過(guò)分做作和夸張的行為 l暗示性很強(qiáng) l自我中心Dependent Personality Disorder（依賴型人格障礙）（依賴型人格障礙）特點(diǎn)l女性多見(jiàn)l缺乏自信，無(wú)助感l(wèi)被遺棄感 l缺乏獨(dú)立性 l為了獲得別人的幫助，隨時(shí)需要有人在場(chǎng)，獨(dú)處時(shí)便感到極大的不適 Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder（強(qiáng)迫型人格障礙）（強(qiáng)迫型人格障礙