202X_202X學年高中英語Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars單元重點小結(jié)課件新人教版必修3

1、-1-單元重點小結(jié)重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀1.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的 n.暴力violently adv.猛烈地;激烈地 例如:There was a violent storm yesterday,which caused buses to be late.昨天一場猛烈的暴風雨,造成公交車遲到。2.in time on time按時;at one time曾經(jīng),一度;at a time每次,一次;at times有時;in no time立刻,馬上;ahead of time提前;at the same time同時;all the time一直,

2、始終例如:Will we be in time for the six oclock concert?我們來得及趕上六點鐘的音樂會嗎?violence 及時;終于 重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀3.harmful adj. harm n.害處vt.傷害,損害;harmless adj.無害的;be harmful to sb./sth.= do harm to sb./sth.= do sb./sth.harm 對某人/某事有害例如:Eating a large amount of sweets is harmful to your teeth.吃太多的糖對你牙齒有害。4.exi

3、st vi.存在;生存 n.存在,生存;come into existence形成,出現(xiàn) There exists.有例如:The idea exists only in the minds of those who are generous.這種想法只有那些慷慨的人才有。有害的 existence 重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀5.give birth to at birth出生時;by birth天生,生來;be of good/noble birth出身名門;bring.to birth使產(chǎn)生例如:His wife gave birth to a healthy baby

4、boy.他的妻子生了個健康的男嬰。6.prevent.from阻止;制止同義詞組:stop.from,keep.from例如:Trees on mountains can prevent soil (from)being washed away.山上的樹木能夠阻止土壤被沖走。7.puzzle n.謎;難題vt.& vi.(使)迷惑;(使)為難puzzle about/over仔細琢磨;puzzle out琢磨出答案 adj.感到迷惑的; adj.令人困惑的 例如:They are puzzling about the problem.他們正在琢磨那個問題。產(chǎn)生;分娩 puzzled p

5、uzzling 重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀8.now that 例如:Now that we have the chance to improve ourselves,we should make good use of it.既然我們有機會來提高我們自己,那我們就好好利用它吧。9.break out突發(fā);爆發(fā)break up解散,破碎,結(jié)束;break through突破;break away from脫離;break down出故障,垮掉;break in闖入;break into闖入,強行進入例如:A fire broke out on Sunday afternoon

6、 at the scene of the explosion.星期日下午在爆炸現(xiàn)場發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。10.watch out for密切注意;當心;提防watch out小心;watch out (for)=look out (for)例如:Watch out for the young man who is watching you.提防那個一直注視著你的人。既然 重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀1.As a result of this,many scientists believe the earth may become .許多科學家認為地球可能會因此變得太熱而不適合生物生存。2

7、.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried _ on the earth and fell over.但是當我試著向前邁步的時候,我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,因而我摔倒了。3.walking does need a bit of practice gravity has changed.重力改變了,看來走路也的確需要練一練了。too hot to live on twice as far as now that 重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀Noun clauses as the subj

8、ect主語從句1. it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2. many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.3.So life will continue on t

9、he earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.What What whether 重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀Instructions(指示)1.Please pay attention to.請注意2.Please check that.請核實3.Please look at.請看4.Make sure that.務(wù)必5.Dont forget to.不要忘記6.Watch out for.當心7.You need to.你需要8.Youd be

10、tter.你最好9.You must/mustnt.你必須/一定不要重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀語篇填空解題技巧二語篇填空解題技巧二有提示詞類有提示詞類這種形式主要考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、名詞的數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、主謂一致以及非謂語動詞的形式。解答這類題目時,首先需要判斷設(shè)空處在句子中的功能,其次再決定該用什么形式。重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀一、提示詞為動詞1.考查謂語動詞時,要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致等。【例1】 A boy on a bike (catch) my attention.剖析:caught 此處應(yīng)為謂語動詞形式,考查時態(tài)

11、和語態(tài)。且根據(jù)上下文可以得知,此處表示過去的動作,故用一般過去時。【例2】 Yangshuo (be) really beautiful.剖析:is分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里要填寫的是謂語動詞的形式,而且該句描述的是客觀事實,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。而且主語是地名,故用單數(shù)形式,還考查了主謂一致。重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀2.考查非謂語動詞時,要判斷非謂語動詞在句中所作的成分。首先要考慮用動詞-ing形式、-ed形式還是不定式,同時還要考慮非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。作主語或賓語時,通常用動詞-ing形式表示習慣或一般情況,用不定式表示具體的情況。作定語時,動詞與被修飾詞之間是主動關(guān)系用動

12、詞-ing形式,是被動關(guān)系用-ed形式,如果強調(diào)將來的動作,用不定式。 作狀語時,關(guān)鍵也是要看清與邏輯主語之間的主被動關(guān)系。當表示目的時,則只有不定式形式?！纠?】 It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.剖析:to reduce此處為it作形式主語,不定式作真正的主語,構(gòu)成It took(sb.)some time to do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)。重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀【例4】 A study of travelers (conduct) by the webs

13、ite Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.剖析:conducted分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子中有謂語動詞names,故這里要填寫的是非謂語動詞形式。conduct和a study之間為被動關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾a study。【例5】 When (ask),my boys will help neaten their room, clear their plates from the table and pick up their school junk.剖析:as

14、ked空格處前面雖有when,但沒有主語,因此不能用謂語形式,此處為狀語從句中的省略,ask的邏輯主語為my boys,根據(jù)句意可知二者為被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞形式作狀語。因此用asked。重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀3.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,可能是由動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞。需要注意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)?！纠?】 However,the worst (impress) is that I was feeling hungry all the time.剖析:impression此處提示詞雖然為動詞,但根據(jù)分析可知,前面為形容詞最高級worst,因此后面要用名詞形式,故此處要用impression。重點

15、詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀二、提示詞為形容詞或者副詞如果提示詞是形容詞,可能考查提示詞的反義詞、副詞、比較級或者名詞等,考查副詞的情況居多。如果提示詞是副詞,最可能考查的是比較等級,這時要根據(jù)其標志詞than、修飾比較級或者最高級的詞如much,even,by far等、固定句型以及具體語境來判斷是否用比較級或者最高級的形式。【例7】 And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Ho

16、ng Kong,says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.剖析:regularly此處考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞的情況。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里要填寫副詞修飾動詞arranges。重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀【例8】 In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a hous

17、e without using electric equipment.剖析:ability考查名詞。由空前的their可知,此處應(yīng)用able的名詞形式?！纠?】 The more Mike challenges himself,the (well) he masters his skills.剖析:better分析句子可知,這里是“the+比較級,the +比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。well是副詞,其比較級是better。重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀三、提示詞為名詞當括號內(nèi)提供的是名詞時,最有可能考查的是名詞的數(shù)。有時候也考查其形容詞形式,但有時也可能考查其副詞、動詞等形式?！纠?0】 A

18、s (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.剖析:natural考查名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的情況。由空后的名詞architects可知,要用nature的形容詞形式來修飾名詞。重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀四、提示詞為代詞當括號內(nèi)提供的詞是代詞時,應(yīng)填其賓格、反身代詞以及物主代詞的形式。要根據(jù)其在句子中的成分選擇正確的形式?！纠?1】 But I didnt c

19、are.A few hours before/earlier,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog.剖析:its此處考查代詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。這里要用形容詞性物主代詞修飾choking smog?！纠?2】 A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear! Its (I).”剖析:me/mine此處回答上文“有人丟箱子了嗎?”,因此可以將it看作回答上文提到的人,故要用賓格形式,也可以把it看作指代“箱子”,故要用mine,表示“我的箱子”。重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀【文章導讀】地球之所以適合人類

20、生存,在于它有足夠的氧氣、充足的水、合適的溫度等。有人說,科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)火星也存在適合人類生存的條件。是真的嗎?The earth is the only planet(行星)that scientists think has life.Why does the earth have life while the other planets dont? For one thing,the earth has just the right temperature.As the third planet from the sun,the earth seems to be just the right

21、 distance away.The planets which are closer to the sun are so hot because their surfaces are baked (烘烤)in the sun.The farthest planets are cold balls.重點詞匯重點句型重點語法功能走進高考拓展閱讀When the earth developedwhich scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years ago many gases covered the earth.The ga

22、ses caused the earth to be hot.But something wonderful happened.The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form.It rained very hard for a very long time.This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow.The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere.Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.Another planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth.That