初中英語介詞練習(xí)題及詳解

1、（一）正誤辨析1、 誤We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.正 We got to the top of the mountain at day break.析 at 用于具體時刻之前，如：sun rise, midday, noon, sun set, midni ght, ni ght。2、誤 Dont sleep at daytime正 Dont sleep in daytime.析in 要用于較長的一段時間之內(nèi)，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week /month / year. 或

2、in spri ng / supper /autu mn / win ter等等。3、誤 We visited the old man in Sun day after noon.正 We visited the old man on Sun day after noon.析in the morni ng, in the afternoo n如果在這兩個短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為 on,女口： on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th4、 誤He became a writter at his twenties正 He beca

3、me a writter in his twen ties析 這句話應(yīng)譯為：他在20 多歲時就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時間段中要用介詞 in 來表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時用at 來表示。5、誤 He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.正 He went to New York to find a job at sixtee n.析 在具體年歲前用 at,女口： at the age of 12 , at your age, 等等。6、誤 We went to swim in the river in a very hot day

4、.正 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.析 具體某一天要用介詞 on,又如：on New Years Day7、 誤rm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.正 rm look ing for ward to see ing you at Christmas.析 在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用 on，而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas 是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長的時間。8、 誤I have nt see you duri ng the summer holidays.正 I have nt

5、 see n you since the beg inning of the summer holidays.析during 表示在某一段時間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時搭配，如：I visited a lot ofmuseums during the holiday. 而 for 表示一 一段時間， 可以用于完成時，女如： I have nt see you fora long time.而 through 用來表示時間時則為”整整， 全部的時間”。 如： It rained through the night.而 since則是表達(dá)主句動作的起始時間，一般要與完成時連用。9、誤 At ente

6、ring the classroom, I heard the good news.正 On en teri ng the classroom, I heard the good n ews.析 On 加動名詞表示一就”。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽見這個好消息了。又如：on hearing一聽見， on arrival 一到達(dá)就 .（on 表示動作的名詞）10、 誤In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.正At the beg inning of the book, there are some i

7、n teresti ng stories.析at the begining 與 at the end 都是指某事物的開始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時間范圍，而 in the beginning 則是指開始一段時間。in the end = at last 是指最終，終于”之意。11、 誤Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.正By the end of n ext week. I will have fini shed this work.析by 引起的時間狀語表示了動作的截止點，其意思為”不遲于某一時刻將工作做完，所以主句

8、一般是完成時態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來時態(tài)，如：Ill be there by five oclock.而 till 則表達(dá)其一動作一直持續(xù)到某一時刻，但句中的動詞一定要用持續(xù)性動詞，而瞬間的截止性動詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：I wontfin ish this work till(u ntil) n ext weeke nd.12、誤 He came to London before last weekend.正 He had come to London before last weeke nd.正 He came to London two weeks ago.析before 一般要與完成時連用，而

9、ago 則與一般過去時連用。13、 誤I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.正I have studied En glish for three years since I came here.析since 用來表達(dá)主句動作的開始時間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過去時，而不能 用完成時態(tài)14、 誤I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.正I can help you repair this bike. You will get

10、 it in two hours.析 中文經(jīng)常講兩小時之后來取，兩天內(nèi)會修好，而這個介詞在英文中要用in 而不要用 after。其原因有二， after 多用于過去時，如：I arrived in New York. After three days, I found ajob in the bank.加時間是表達(dá)一個不確定的時間范圍，女口： after threedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時間內(nèi)會完成某事時，一定要用介詞in。15、誤 Three days after he died.正 After three days he died.正 Three days la

11、ter he died.析 after 與 later 都可以用來表達(dá)一段時間之后，但它們所處的位置不冋，after 在時間詞前，而 later 在時間詞后。16、誤 She hid herself after the tree.正 She hid herself beh ind the tree.析after 多用來表達(dá)某動作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動態(tài)介詞，女如：I run afterhim. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而 behind 貝 V 多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。17、 誤There is a beautif

12、ul bird on the tree.正There is a beautiful bird in the tree.析樹上長出的果實，樹葉要用on,而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree.18、誤 Shanghai is on the east of China.正 Shan ghai is in the east of China.析在表達(dá)地理位置時有3 個介詞：in, on, to。in 表示在某范圍之內(nèi)；on 表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to 則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.19、誤I arrived at New York on July

13、 2nd.正I arrived in New York on July 2nd.析at 用來表達(dá)較小的地方， 而 in 用來表達(dá)較大的地方。at 常用于 at the school gate,at home, at a bus stop, at the stati on, at the cin ema, at a small village。20、 誤He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.正He lived at No. 3 Beiji ng Road.析 在門牌號碼前要用 at,并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street, at the fo

14、ot of themountain, at the top of the page。21、 誤There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.正There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.析 在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用 in,而墻的外角用 at,如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.22、 誤This weekend Ill stay in Uncle Wangs.正 This weeke nd Ill stay at Uncle Wan

15、gs.析 要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法，如：at a tailors shop （裁縫店）=at a tailors, at thedoctors （去看?。゛t the booksellers （在書店）at uncle Wangs （在王叔叔家）23、 誤Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper正Do you know there is some good n ews in todays n ewspaper析 在報紙上的新聞要用 in,而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on。24、誤 The school will begi

16、n on September 1st.正 School will begi n on September 1st.析 這里的 school 應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開學(xué)之意。要注意，有些 活動場所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動時不要加冠詞，女如: at table（吃飯），When I came to Tomshome, they were at table. 還有： at desk （學(xué)習(xí)）,at work （工作）at school （上學(xué)）,in hospital （住醫(yī)院）at church 作禮拜 如加上定冠詞則另有他意，女口： at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in

17、 the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。25、誤 In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.正 On my way to the statio n, I bought a n ewspaper to kill time.析譯文為：在去車站的路上我買了份報紙，為的是消磨時光”在的路上應(yīng)用on ones way 。而 in the way 有擋道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way。26、誤 Look, the door is ope n,Maybe som

18、e onebroke in to.正Look, the door is ope n,Maybe some one broke in.正Look, the door is ope n,Maybe some one broke into theoffice.析in 是表達(dá)一個靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與 break 連用時其后不加介詞賓語，而 into 則是動態(tài)介詞，與 break 連用時要加介詞賓語。27、 誤ni leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.正r II leave Beiji ng for Shan ghai.正門 I leave for Sha nghai.析le

19、ave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將 for 改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配 還有：startfor 動身前往某處，set out for, sail for。28、 誤rm sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.正rm sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.析get in,與 get out 是兩個相反的詞組。get in 為上車，而 get out 為下車，但語法 家認(rèn)為這里的 in 與 out 為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講Wed better get in.

20、或Wed better get out. 還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車： get on/ off（a train, a ship, a struck） get into / out of（a car, taxi）29、 誤Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.正Be careful. The temperature of the water is nin ety degrees above zero.析over 與 above 在作為比某物高的意思時有時可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時，即正上方時則要用

21、above.而泛指上方時用 over.30、誤 There is an old stone bridge above the river.正There is an old stone bridge over the river.析over 還有一意為”跨越，橫跨”。31、誤 The Dead Sea is under the sea level.正The Dead Sea is below the sea level.析 在垂直下方要用below.也就是講 above 與 below 互為反意詞，over 與 under也是反意詞。32、 誤There is a big tree in the

22、 front of the house.正There is a big tree in front of the house.析in front of 是在物體外部的前面，而 in the fro nt of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，女口： Thedriver sits in the front of the bus.33、 誤It took them two days to walk across the forest.正It took them two days to walk through the forest.析across 作為介詞有兩個主要意思： 橫過，如：l want t o wa

23、lk across the street.對面，女口： There is a post office across the street,而 through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。 across 則多用于平面上的橫過。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.34、誤 The sun sets toward the west.正 The sun sets in the west.析towards 也可用作 toward，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運動，但不一定到達(dá)，如：Heran toward(s) the mountain.

24、而在表示方位 east, west, north, south 時，其前面要用 in。要注意 的是這4 個詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south.也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可 用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of Chi na.35、 誤Do you have no other clothes except those正Do you have no other clothes besides those析 beside 是在.旁邊，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而

25、besides 是除之外，不僅而且 ,除了以外還有 ,女口： I studied English besides French, when I was incollege. 而 except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here everyday except Sun day.而 except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clea n except fortwo chairs.而 except that 則要加從句。36、誤 Can I write the exam paper with ink正 Can I write the exam

26、paper with a pen正 Can I write the exam paper in ink37、誤 rm earlier today. I came here by his car.正rm earlier today. I came here in his car.析在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxiby train=in a trainby bicycle=on a bicycleby ship=on a shipby boat=in a boatby bus=on a busby pla ne=on a

27、 pla neby air 空運by land 陸運by sea 海運on foot on horsebackby phone by letter by radioby air mail by hand38、 誤A lot of French wines are made of grape.正A lot of French wines are made from grape.析made of 是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用 from,女口： The desk was made of hard wood.39、誤 This is a good dictio

28、nary in English grammar.正 This is a good dicti onary on En glish grammar.析關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報告等有兩個介詞，其中on 表示某專業(yè)用書，about 則為某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics .即物理科普知識。40、 誤Do you have the key of the door.正Do you have the key to the door.析 key to the door 門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question, entrance to the

29、highway, dan ger to health.千萬不要用 of。41、誤Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.正Today a lot of Chin ese people have in terest in collect ing stamps.析have interest in 是在某方面有興趣。42、誤I did nt do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.正I did nt do my homework, so the teache

30、r was angry with me.析 be angry with 其后接人，而 be angry at 其后接事。女口： He was angry at what she said.43、誤 He was good for skating.正 He was good at skati ng.析 be good at 為擅長某事”，而 be good for somebody 為對某人很好。44、 誤It was good to you to help my little boy.正It was good of you to help my little boy.析這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了

31、，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是對某人態(tài)度好。如： Her mother is good to every one.45、 誤My parents were very pleased at me.正My pare nts were very pleased with me.正My pare nts were very pleased at my study ing.析 be pleased with 后力口 somebody, 而 be pleased at 后力口 something。46、誤 He is agree with me.正 He agrees wi

32、th me.47、誤 He aga in sts me.正 He is aga inst me.析 同意 agree 為動詞，而反對 against 則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。48、誤 I have nt heard letters from him.正I have nt heard from him.析hear from 即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter 了。49、誤 Teacher. May I call at you this weekend正 Teacher. May I call on you this weeke nd析 作為拜訪講 call at 其后接地點，如：

33、May I call at your home this weekend 而 callon 其后接人。50、 誤Do you know the girl on white正Do you know the girl in white析in white 為穿一身白。與 in 有關(guān)的詞組有：in bed（睡覺），in hospital（住院），in a hurry（匆匆忙忙）,in danger（危險中）,in joy（高興）,in good health（身體好）,in love（戀愛）,in trouble（困境）,與之相反的是 out of ,如：out of trouble （擺脫困境）,o

34、ut of date（過時了 ）, out of order（出故障）51、 誤 He looked at me at surprise.正 He looked at me in surprise.析 surprise 的用法一般有三種。 用于句首，To ones surprise,女口： To my surprise hesucceeded. be surprised at 如: I was surprised at the news. 用于句尾 in surprise.52、 誤She did nt come to school because of she was ill.正She di

35、d nt come to school because she was ill.析 because of 后接名詞，如：The game was put off because of the rain.（三）例題解析1- Thank you _ the beautiful flowers!-Not at all.A in B on C at D for答案D.析由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。2Can you answer this question _ EnglishA by B in C with D from答案B.析 in 表示用語言、聲音、或材料，如：He answered the q

36、uestion in a low voice.3Look _ the map _ China _ the wall, please.A after, of, i n B at, of, i nC after, i n, on D at, of, on答案D.析look at 為”看”，而 on the wall 為”在墻表面掛著”，而 in the wall 則是”在墻內(nèi)”，如：There is holein the wall.墻上有個洞。4- When did Mr Gree n arrive in London-He arrived there _ the evening of Decem

37、ber 6th.A at B in C on D to答案C.析in the evening / afterno on 這兩個詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為 on,女口： on a cold morning, on a spring morning 等。5We won the relay race. And there was a big smile _ our teachers face.A off B n ear C on D betwee n答案C.6The twins got on well _ their classmates.A to B in C with Da

38、bout答案C.析get on well with 與人相處很好。7- Please remember to come to my birthday party.-I see. Ill come _ Saturday evening.A in B at C on D for答案C.8Lets hurry , or well be late _ schoolA to B at C with D for答案D.析 be late for, 而 come late to ,女口：Dont come late to school9They will have a maths test _ two da

39、ysA for B at C in D after答案C.析 三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用 in,而不要受中文影響用after, after three days 是個不定的時間范圍，即沒有一個準(zhǔn)確的時間。5 天、6 天、10 天全是 after three days。10My brother joined the army _A1989, March Bin March , 1989CMarch ,1989 D1989, in March答案B.析在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用 on。11He could nt work out the maths problem _ your helpA witho

40、ut B under C for D with答案A.析在某人幫助下應(yīng)用 with ,女口： With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily而要是沒有你的幫助則用without your help12Granny took one look at us _ her glassesA by B through C on D in答案B.析 through 為穿過。13We had our breakfast _ a quarter _ sevenA /, to Bin, to C at, to D on, to答案C.析具體時間點前用

41、at，而差幾分幾點用 to，這里應(yīng)譯為：我在差一刻七點吃的早飯。14I learn French _ the radio every dayA on B in C from D at答案A.析從收音機中聽到某事應(yīng)用詞組on the radio。15Its good manners to wait _ lineA in B on C at D with答案A.析in line 為排隊。16How many English words had you learnt _ last termAby the end of Bat the end ofCto the end of Dtill the en

42、d of答案A.析by the end of 為動作的截止時間，與完成時態(tài)相配合17The manager was very satisfied _ his workA in B on C about D with答案D.析 be satisfied with 為固定搭配。18John hit Jack _ faceA on the B in the C on his D in his答案B.析英文中的某些動詞其后要接人，然后加介詞+ the +身體部位，女口： He caught the boyby the arm。19I was born _ the night _ September 1

43、5,1978A in, on B at, on C at, in D on, of答案D.析 在時間前加介詞時應(yīng)以最小的時間單位為準(zhǔn)。20Its a bad manner to laugh _ people when they are _ troubleA over, in B at, in C in, at D at, for答案B.析laugh at 嘲笑某人，laugh over 笑著談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈?，in trouble 陷入困境。211 cant do this work wellToms help fromAun der Bfor Cwithout D答案C.22Do nt shou

44、tthe old woman。You should be more politeherAto , at Bat,to Cin,for Dfrom , for答案B.析 shout at 為”沖某人喊叫”，而 be polite to somebody 為”對某人和氣?！?3We must be strict _ our selves _ everythingA with , in B in, with C with , to D to, of答案A.析 be strict with 對某人嚴(yán)格要求。24He went to the football match _ lunch last Sun

45、 dayA to B without C behi nd D betwee n答案B.析without lunch 未吃午飯。25The peoples Republic of China was founded _ 1949A with B on C si nee D in答案D.析 在年代前用 in。因句子是過去時而不是完成時，所以不能用sinceo26Mr Black got to Hangzhou _ a few daysA in B after C on D at答案B.析 這句話應(yīng)譯為：幾天之后 Mr Black 到達(dá)了杭州。而不是在幾天之內(nèi) 某事，所以選 Bo27- Has the teacher