高中英語動詞不定式的用法--完整版課件

1、2021/3/1411. 動詞不定式動詞不定式的用法的用法1.作主語作主語2.作賓語作賓語3.作定語作定語4.作表語作表語5.作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)6.作狀語作狀語動詞不定式動詞不定式2.動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)3. 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)2021/3/1421. 動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語,謂語動詞用第三謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)人稱單數(shù)。To get there by car will take a whole day.How to get enough money is still a question.2021/3/1431. 動詞不定式作主語動詞

2、不定式作主語有時(shí)候?yàn)榱吮３志渥悠胶庥袝r(shí)候?yàn)榱吮３志渥悠胶?常用常用it作作形式主語形式主語,放到句首放到句首,而將作真實(shí)主語而將作真實(shí)主語的動詞不定式放到句末。的動詞不定式放到句末。It will take a whole day to get there by car.It is impossible for me to finish the work in a week.2021/3/144復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):1)for sb. to do sth2) (It is +性格性格adj+)of sb. to do sth性格性格adj:nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful

3、, careful, carelessIt is very important for us to learn English.It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.It is very nice of you to help me.2021/3/1452. 動詞不定式作賓語動詞不定式作賓語動詞不定式作賓語常用于下列動詞后動詞不定式作賓語常用于下列動詞后:want, agree, decide, manage, wish, hope, ask, like, love , choose, promise,

4、continue, plan, learn, expect, offer, prepare, refuse, pretend, attempt, intend, threaten, seek, hesitate, long, desire, fail等等等等。2021/3/146動詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題動詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題1.有些動詞后跟動詞不定式和動名詞有些動詞后跟動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語意義截然不同作賓語意義截然不同try, go on, stop, mean, regret, remember, forget等等2021/3/147try to do sth. 盡力去做某事盡

5、力去做某事try doing sth. 試一試試一試,試試看試試看Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.Try to get there on time.2021/3/148mean to do sth.打算做某事打算做某事mean doing sth.意味著做某事意味著做某事I wont wait if it means delaying a week.I meant to help you, but I was busy at that moment.2021/3/149forget to d

6、o sth. 忘了去做某事忘了去做某事forget doing sth.忘了做過某事忘了做過某事I forget telling her about itI forget to bring the purse with me when I left home this morning.2021/3/1410remember to do sth.記住去做某事記住去做某事remember doing sth.記得做過某事記得做過某事I remember reading the story in some book.Remember to post the letter for me when yo

7、u go to the post office.2021/3/1411動詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題動詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題2. 如果不定式作賓語而后面又有一個(gè)如果不定式作賓語而后面又有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語,這時(shí)要用這時(shí)要用it作形式賓語而作形式賓語而把這個(gè)動詞不定式放到補(bǔ)語后。把這個(gè)動詞不定式放到補(bǔ)語后。I feel it my duty to help you.I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.2021/3/14123.動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定

8、語動詞不定式作定語,它與所修飾的名詞它與所修飾的名詞或代詞可能是主謂關(guān)系或代詞可能是主謂關(guān)系,也可能是動賓也可能是動賓關(guān)系。如果是動賓關(guān)系關(guān)系。如果是動賓關(guān)系,不定式主動表不定式主動表示被動。示被動。He was the last one to leave school yesterday.We have much homework to do everyday.2021/3/14134.動詞不定式作表語動詞不定式作表語1主語和表語都是不定式（其含義主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件往往一是條件,一是結(jié)果）一是結(jié)果）,如如: To be kind to the enemy is to b

9、e cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2021/3/14142主語是以主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等為中心詞的名詞詞組等為中心詞的名詞詞組,或以或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示,表語用不定表語用不定式說明其內(nèi)容式說明其內(nèi)容,如如: My idea is .My suggestion is . What I would suggest

10、 is . 2021/3/1415:在某些句型中在某些句型中,當(dāng)主語部分有動作動詞當(dāng)主語部分有動作動詞時(shí)時(shí),作表語的不定式可以省略符號作表語的不定式可以省略符號 “”,如如: All we have to do is . The only thing I can do now is . All I could do was . 2021/3/14165.動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)常跟動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有常跟動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有:（1）可接帶）可接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有詞有:ask, get, allow, forbid, prefer, force, in

11、spire, advise, cause, tell, order, warn, teach, permit, wish, invite, encourage等等2021/3/1417（2）可跟省）可跟省to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有動詞有:在部分感官動詞和使役動詞后在部分感官動詞和使役動詞后,如如:see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel, make, let, have注注:help后可跟省后可跟省to或帶或帶to的不定式的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。作賓補(bǔ)。2021/3/1418The teacher had us

12、recite the text every day.I was let to do the experiment alone.Was he noticed to leave the house?動詞不定式在主動語態(tài)中用省動詞不定式在主動語態(tài)中用省to的形的形式作賓補(bǔ)式作賓補(bǔ),但在被動語態(tài)的句子中但在被動語態(tài)的句子中,要要用帶用帶to的形式作主語補(bǔ)語。的形式作主語補(bǔ)語。2021/3/14196.動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式作狀語用來修飾動詞、動詞不定式作狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,通常表示通常表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、程度等。目的、原因、結(jié)果、程度等

13、。2021/3/1420 They ran over .He stood up What have I said He came round 2021/3/1421 Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? Im not such a fool as to believe that. The boy is old enough to go to school. 2021/3/1422當(dāng)當(dāng)too前有前有only時(shí)時(shí),only too to譯作譯作肯定?？隙ā?I am only too pleased

14、to help you.當(dāng)不定式前有表否定意義的詞時(shí)當(dāng)不定式前有表否定意義的詞時(shí),譯作譯作肯定?？隙āe are never too old to learn.2021/3/1423動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1. I opened the door to enter the room. 3. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）表示的動作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生發(fā)生,或之后發(fā)生。或之后發(fā)生。2.

15、saw her enter the room.2021/3/1424.進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2.He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的動作在進(jìn)行的動作,和謂語動和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)進(jìn)詞所表示的動作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。行。動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)2021/3/1425動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài).完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am so

16、rry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的完成不定式的完成式表示的動作式表示的動作在謂語表示的在謂語表示的動作之前發(fā)生。動作之前發(fā)生。2021/3/1426鞏固練習(xí)1. Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and_.A.need to be repairingB. repairing is required of themC. require that they be re

17、paired.D. need to be repaired.解析:and并列謂語動詞, need to be repaired相當(dāng)于need repairing.D2021/3/14272. I wish you had brought your family with you. Ill get them _ next time. A. coming B. to come C. come D. have comeB解析:使役動詞get后跟帶to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ),let,make, have后跟省to的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。2021/3/14283. We climbed to the top o

18、f the tower _a better view of the area.A. getting B. got C. having got D. to getD解析:動詞不定式作目的狀語,其余幾個(gè)沒這功能。2021/3/14294. What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house. A. getting B. having got C. being got D. to getD解析:名詞the way后跟有兩個(gè)定語,一個(gè)是定語從句Smith thought of, 一個(gè)是動詞不定式to get enough money to buy the new house.2021/3/14305. The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last night. A. entering B. enter C. to enter D. enteredC解析:感官動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞和省to的動詞