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1、Unit2 English Around the World B.EA.E1. official adj. 官方的,正式的官方的,正式的 official language official news n. 政府官員政府官員 officer n. 軍官軍官He is an officer in the army. 3. because of后邊加后邊加名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) because是連詞是連詞, 所以后邊跟所以后邊跟句子句子 He came to work late because he got up late. He came to work late because of

2、 getting up late. 4. native adj. 本土的本土的,本國(guó)的本國(guó)的,土生的土生的 (+to)The giant panda is native to China. The giant panda is a native of China. 大熊貓是中國(guó)特有的動(dòng)物。大熊貓是中國(guó)特有的動(dòng)物。 n. 本地人本地人,本國(guó)人本國(guó)人Are you a native here, or just a visitor? 你是本地人,你是本地人, 或者只是游客或者只是游客? 5. come up come up to your apartment 上來(lái)上來(lái), 走近走近; 被提出被提出;

3、(植物)發(fā)芽(植物)發(fā)芽; (太(太陽(yáng))升起陽(yáng))升起come up with 提出提出 想出想出He came up with a good idea in the meeting. 問(wèn)題在會(huì)議中被提出來(lái)了。問(wèn)題在會(huì)議中被提出來(lái)了。The problem came up in the meeting. 太陽(yáng)太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)升起來(lái)了。了。 The sun came up. 他他靠近靠近并和我們打招呼。并和我們打招呼。He came up and said hello to us. 春天草會(huì)再度春天草會(huì)再度發(fā)芽發(fā)芽。The grass will come up again in e up with 提出

4、 想出He came up with a good idea in the meeting. come across 偶然遇到,發(fā)現(xiàn),被理解偶然遇到,發(fā)現(xiàn),被理解come about 發(fā)生發(fā)生come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)come back 回來(lái),回來(lái), 恢復(fù)記憶恢復(fù)記憶come on 催促催促, 快速運(yùn)動(dòng)快速運(yùn)動(dòng);得了吧得了吧come out 出現(xiàn),出版出現(xiàn),出版,開花開花come in 進(jìn)來(lái)進(jìn)來(lái)come over 從一地到另一地從一地到另一地 1. His car _ the terrible traffic jam, so he had to call off his appointmen

5、t with his doctor. A. came about B. came across C. came up D. come on 2. -How did it _ that you made such a silly mistake? -I myself havent figured it out yet. A. bring about B. come about C. come across D. come on 6 .base (1) n._Eg: Our companys base is in beijing.(2) vt. _ 用法:base A on B A以B為基礎(chǔ) A

6、be based on B A建于B基礎(chǔ)之上Eg: (1)One should always base his opinion on facts. Ones opinion should always be based on facts.(2)-What are you mailing, Linda?-A textbook_a new method of teaching physics. I want my friend to take a look at it. A.is based on B.based on C.basing on D.which based upon被動(dòng)被動(dòng)基礎(chǔ);基地

7、;根基基礎(chǔ);基地;根基建于建于之上;以之上;以為基礎(chǔ)為基礎(chǔ)7. at present =at the moment present (adj.) 現(xiàn)在的,目前的,可作前置定語(yǔ)出席的,在場(chǎng)的,可作后置定語(yǔ)the present situation/the people presentbe present at the meetingpresent (n.) 禮物禮物=gift8.make use of 利用 take advantage of make good use of _ make full use _ be made use ofeg:You must make good use of

8、 any chance to practise English.(2)The use you_time is really practical.A.make B.take C.make of D.take of 被動(dòng)被動(dòng)同義詞同義詞被動(dòng)被動(dòng)Any chance must be made good use of to practise english.好好利用好好利用充分利用充分利用 【聯(lián)想】與【聯(lián)想】與make有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)有關(guān)的短語(yǔ) make friends with 和和交朋友交朋友 make fun of 取笑取笑make a decision 作出決定作出決定 make a face/fa

9、ces 扮鬼臉扮鬼臉 make progress in 在在取得取得進(jìn)步進(jìn)步make a choice 9latter adj較后的,后面的,較后的,后面的, (兩者中兩者中) 后者的后者的I find it hard to understand the latter part of his lecture我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的講座講座后面部分很難理解。后面部分很難理解。Did he walk or swim across the river?The latter seems unlikely他是趟過(guò)河,還是游過(guò)河他是趟過(guò)河,還是游過(guò)河?后者似乎不可后者似乎不可能。能?!颈嫖觥俊颈嫖觥縧ate,

10、later, latter, lately 1)late是形容詞,表示是形容詞,表示“遲到的,晚的遲到的,晚的”。如:如:You are late again! 你又遲到了。你又遲到了。2)later可作形容詞,是可作形容詞,是late的比較級(jí),意的比較級(jí),意為為“更遲的,更后的更遲的,更后的”;也可作副詞,意為也可作副詞,意為“稍后,隨后稍后,隨后”,常,常與與on連用。如:連用。如: Ill tell you later. 我以后再告訴你。我以后再告訴你。3)latter最常用的含義是最常用的含義是“兩者中的兩者中的(后者后者)”,常與常與the連用,固定搭配連用,固定搭配“the for

11、mer,the latter”。如:。如:Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother. 這是湯姆和戴維這是湯姆和戴維;后者是我的兄弟。后者是我的兄弟。4)lately是副詞,意為是副詞,意為“近來(lái),最近近來(lái),最近recently”。如:。如:Have you been to Beijing lately?你最近去過(guò)北京嗎你最近去過(guò)北京嗎? 10.such as例如,諸如此類,像例如,諸如此類,像這樣的這樣的Ball games such as basketball and football are very exciting球類運(yùn)動(dòng),如籃球

12、和足球,都很激動(dòng)人心。球類運(yùn)動(dòng),如籃球和足球,都很激動(dòng)人心?!颈嫖觥俊颈嫖觥縮uch as, for example1)such as用于列舉同類人或事物中的用于列舉同類人或事物中的若干若干 例子,但不能全部列出。如:例子,但不能全部列出。如:Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages,such as English and French王先生精通好幾門外語(yǔ),比如英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。王先生精通好幾門外語(yǔ),比如英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)。 2) for example一般只列舉幾類人或事物一般只列舉幾類人或事物中的中的一個(gè)一個(gè)”,其位置可在句首、句,其位置可在句首、句中或句

13、末,經(jīng)常用中或句末,經(jīng)常用逗號(hào)逗號(hào)分開。如:分開。如:Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages,for example,English王先生精通好幾門外語(yǔ),比如英語(yǔ)。王先生精通好幾門外語(yǔ),比如英語(yǔ)。 【經(jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】Many famous singers, _ Wang Fei and SHE, have acted in films. A such B for example C that is D such as用such as,for example填(1)What would you do if you met a wild an

14、imala lion,_?(2)The farmer grows various kinds of crops,_wheat,corn,cotton and rice.for examplesuch as command n.& v. 命令;指令;掌握command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。command后接that從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣老師命令他離開教室。The teacher commanded that he (should)go outof the cl

15、assroom.be under sbs command 在某人的指揮之下have a good command of 精通3. He commanded that all the gates _. A. should shut C. would be shut B. shut D. be shut3. request n.& v. 請(qǐng)求;要求請(qǐng)求;要求 I requested him to help. 我請(qǐng)求他幫忙。request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事 He requested me _ (wr

16、ite) a letter of recommendation. He requested that I _(write) a letter of recommendation. The passengers _(request) to show their passports.to write(should) writeare requested像像command一樣,其后的名詞性一樣,其后的名詞性從句從句的謂語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)用用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”的常用詞有:的常用詞有:一個(gè)一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持(insist)”;兩個(gè)兩個(gè)“命令命令(order,command)”;三個(gè)三個(gè)“建議建議

17、(suggest,advise,propose)”;四個(gè)四個(gè)“要求要求(demand,ask,require,request)”; 5. play a part in在在中起作用,中起作用, 在在中扮演角色中扮演角色The computer is playing a more and more important part in our daily life電腦在我們的日常生活中正起著越來(lái)越電腦在我們的日常生活中正起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。重要的作用。She was unhappy because she played a small part in the play她不開心是因?yàn)樗趹蛑邪缪菀粋€(gè)

18、小角她不開心是因?yàn)樗趹蛑邪缪菀粋€(gè)小角色。色。 【聯(lián)想】與【聯(lián)想】與play a part in意思相同的短語(yǔ)意思相同的短語(yǔ) 有有play a role in?!窘?jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】The new economic development zone will _ in the development of the area. A play a leading part B take part C play leading part D take a part【答案】【答案】A a number of意思是意思是“一些,若干一些,若干”(= some),后接可數(shù)),后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代

19、詞,或代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式。 表示數(shù)量大或?。罕硎緮?shù)量大或小:a large/small number of 許多許多/少數(shù)少數(shù)) 【辨析】【辨析】a number of , the number of the number of “的數(shù)字的數(shù)字/數(shù)目數(shù)目”,當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。Many people took part in 10,000-metre race, but only a number of them kept on running to the end. 許多人參加了許多人參加了10000米跑,但只有一些人米跑,但只

20、有一些人堅(jiān)持跑到底。堅(jiān)持跑到底。A number of my friends think I should take a holiday. 我的一些朋友認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該休假。我的一些朋友認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該休假。 The number of students is about twenty. 學(xué)生人數(shù)大約是學(xué)生人數(shù)大約是20人左右。人左右?!窘?jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】 A number of people_ been invited to the party, but the exact number _ still unknown. A has; is B have; are C has; are D have

21、; is Key Sentences1Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries后來(lái),在下個(gè)世紀(jì),英國(guó)人開后來(lái),在下個(gè)世紀(jì),英國(guó)人開始航海征服世界其他地區(qū)。許多別的國(guó)家始航海征服世界其他地區(qū)。許多別的國(guó)家因此而開始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。因此而開始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 (1)注意注意voyage是可數(shù)名詞,常和是可數(shù)名詞,常和make搭

22、搭配構(gòu)成配構(gòu)成make a voyage to或或make voyages to,表,表 示示“航行到航行到”。單數(shù)表示一次。單數(shù)表示一次航行。航行。(2)初中學(xué)過(guò)初中學(xué)過(guò)because表示表示“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤?,與,與because of的區(qū)別是:的區(qū)別是:because是連詞,后是連詞,后面要跟句子,多作原因狀語(yǔ)從句;面要跟句子,多作原因狀語(yǔ)從句;because of中中of是介詞,后面只能跟名詞或是介詞,后面只能跟名詞或代詞或代詞或ving作賓語(yǔ)。試比較:作賓語(yǔ)。試比較: Because it was raining outside,we stayed at home=Because of t

23、he rain outside, we stayed at home因?yàn)橥饷嫦轮?,所以我們就呆在家里。因?yàn)橥饷嫦轮?,所以我們就呆在家里?!窘?jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】We must not lose heart only _ the difficulty we are faced with. A because B because of C since D as【答案】【答案】B 2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英語(yǔ)以英語(yǔ)

24、作為母語(yǔ)的人,即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不作為母語(yǔ)的人,即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同,也可以相互理解。盡相同,也可以相互理解。句中句中“even if they dont speak the same kind of English”是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:They will stand by you even ifthough you dont succeed即使你不成功,他們也將支持你。即使你不成功,他們也將支持你。 even if是一個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)是一個(gè)連詞短語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,含義是從句,含義是“即使;盡管即使;盡管”。當(dāng)讓步。當(dāng)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)

25、狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的假設(shè)或一般的行為習(xí)慣時(shí),通常用的假設(shè)或一般的行為習(xí)慣時(shí),通常用even if或或even though。兩者意思一樣,。兩者意思一樣,用法也一樣。用法也一樣。【經(jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】_ I fail this time, I would try again. A If only B Even if C whether D As if【答案】【答案】B 3Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English信不信由你,沒(méi)有標(biāo)信不信由你,沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)這樣的東西。準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)這樣的東西。1)believ

26、e it or not意為意為“信不信由你信不信由你”,常,常在句中作插入語(yǔ)。如:在句中作插入語(yǔ)。如:Believe it or not,John will go abroad for further study next month信不信由你,約翰下個(gè)月就要出國(guó)深造了。信不信由你,約翰下個(gè)月就要出國(guó)深造了?!韭?lián)想學(xué)習(xí)】常見的插入語(yǔ)有:【聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)】常見的插入語(yǔ)有:1)to tell you the truth實(shí)話告訴你實(shí)話告訴你 To tell you the truth,Ill spend my summer vacation in Yunnan實(shí)話告訴你吧,我將在云南度過(guò)暑假。實(shí)話告訴你吧

27、,我將在云南度過(guò)暑假。2)generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)一般說(shuō)來(lái)Generally speaking,language learning needs a lot of practice一般說(shuō)來(lái),語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)需要大量的實(shí)踐。一般說(shuō)來(lái),語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)需要大量的實(shí)踐。3)you knowyou see你知道你知道You see,my car broke down on the way你知道,我的車在途中壞了。你知道,我的車在途中壞了。 4) I think我認(rèn)為我認(rèn)為His coat,I think,is really strange 他的外套,我認(rèn)為,實(shí)在古怪。他的外套,我認(rèn)為,實(shí)在古怪。

28、【經(jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】It is so nice to hear from her. _, we last met more than 30 years ago. A Whats more B Thats to say C In other words D Believe it or not【答案】【答案】D (2)no such thing意為意為“沒(méi)有這樣的事情沒(méi)有這樣的事情”。such與與no, any, all, some, another, one,many,a few, a little等詞連用時(shí),常置于等詞連用時(shí),常置于這些詞之后。如:這些詞之后。如:There is no s

29、uch person in our school我們學(xué)校沒(méi)有這樣的人。我們學(xué)校沒(méi)有這樣的人。I have met many such people我遇見過(guò)我遇見過(guò)許多這樣的人。許多這樣的人。 【經(jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】We have _ book you are looking for. A such no B no such C not such D no such a 【答案】【答案】B 4The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken美國(guó)是一個(gè)使用多種方言的大國(guó)。美國(guó)是一個(gè)使用多種方言的大國(guó)。in

30、 which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞country,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系代詞which作介詞作介詞in的賓的賓語(yǔ),語(yǔ),in which在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),可用可用where代替。如:代替。如:The factory in which he once worked has been dosed down他曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的工廠已被關(guān)閉。他曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的工廠已被關(guān)閉。 在在“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,應(yīng)根據(jù)句意與搭配的需要選擇正確的介應(yīng)根據(jù)句意與搭配的需要選擇正確的介詞或短語(yǔ)介詞。如:詞或短語(yǔ)介詞。如:He studies i

31、n the school at the back of which there is a river.他在背后有條河流的那所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。他在背后有條河流的那所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。Can you see the new building on the top of which flies a red flag?你能看見到那座樓頂飄著一面紅旗的新你能看見到那座樓頂飄著一面紅旗的新大樓嗎大樓嗎? 【經(jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which This is the rea

32、son _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which【答案】【答案】A【答案】【答案】D 5. Well,go round the corner on your left-hand side-straight on and cross two streets哦,在拐角處向左拐,照直向前走。穿哦,在拐角處向左拐,照直向前走。穿過(guò)兩條街道。過(guò)兩條街道。straight adv直接;挺直直接;挺直 adj直的;筆直的;正直的直的;筆直的;正直的Go straight down the roa

33、d and then turn left沿著這條路一直走,然后左轉(zhuǎn)。沿著這條路一直走,然后左轉(zhuǎn)。 He went to bed straight after supper他晚飯后直接去睡了。他晚飯后直接去睡了。His friend is a tallslim girl with a straight nose他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗條的他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗條的姑娘。姑娘。As you know,his uncle is a straight man如你所知,他的叔叔是一個(gè)正直的人。如你所知,他的叔叔是一個(gè)正直的人。 【經(jīng)典例題】【經(jīng)典例題】- Lucy doesnt hav

34、e curly hair.- Yes, we can say she has _ hair. A nice B blonde C short D straight【答案】【答案】D.翻譯下列必背短語(yǔ) 1.在在中擔(dān)任角色,在中擔(dān)任角色,在中起作用中起作用 _ 2.充分利用充分利用 _ 3.因?yàn)?,由于因?yàn)椋捎?_ 4.信不信由你信不信由你 _ 5.走近,上來(lái)走近,上來(lái) _ 6.例如,像這種的例如,像這種的 _ 7.以以為基礎(chǔ)為基礎(chǔ) _ 8.與與不同不同 _ 9.即使;盡管即使;盡管 _ 10.大量的,許多大量的,許多 _ play a role/part in such as be based

35、on be different from even if/even though because of believe it or not come up make good/full use of a (large) number of Dictionaries standardized the spelling of English Grammar直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(II)直接引語(yǔ)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、提議時(shí),變直接引語(yǔ)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、提議時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)看似簡(jiǎn)單,但使用起來(lái)要視為間接引語(yǔ)看似簡(jiǎn)單,但使用起來(lái)要視句義、功能與說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣、態(tài)度選擇句義、功能與說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣、態(tài)度選

36、擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),應(yīng)著重注意以下恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),應(yīng)著重注意以下幾個(gè)方面:幾個(gè)方面: 1直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句,若表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句,若表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、告知、鼓勵(lì)等意思,在命令、要求、告知、鼓勵(lì)等意思,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常將祈使句的動(dòng)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式,并視句意在詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式,并視句意在動(dòng)詞不定式前加上動(dòng)詞不定式前加上asktellorder, advise,invite,warn,beg,offer, encourage等動(dòng)詞,祈使句中的等動(dòng)詞,祈使句中的please在間接引語(yǔ)中不再出現(xiàn)。如:在間接引語(yǔ)中不再出現(xiàn)。如: “Please speak English in class,the teacher said to usThe teacher asked us to speak English in classBe careful with strangers, Mr Brown said to herMr Brown warned her

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