必修五-1.8《Unit-1-Great-Scientists》-

1、新課標人教版課件系列高中英語必修必修5- 5-1.8Unit 1 Great scientists1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?B. ArchimedesC. Thomas EdisonA. Charles Darwin2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?A. Marie CurieC.

2、 Charles DarwinB. Gregor Mendel3.Who invent the first steam engine?A. Thomas NewcomenC. Thomas EdisonB. Archimedes4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.A. Thomas EdisonC. ArchimedesB. Gregor Mendel5. Who discovered radium?A. Marie CurieC. New

3、tonB. Zhang Heng6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?A. Stephen Hawking C. Thomas EdisonB. Archimedes7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?A. Gregor MendelC. Marie CurieB. Leonardo da Vinci 8. Who invented a lamp to keep

4、 miners safe underground?A. Sir Humphry Davy C. FaradayB. Thomas Newcomen9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?A. Charles DarwinC. Watt B. Zhang Heng10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?A. Stephen HawkingC. CopernicusB. ArchimedesSpeaking activity

5、Discuss in groups of four, which field do you want to contribute yourself to in the future? One takes down the groupmates opinions, after that ,report the groupmates opinions to the whole class.Speaking (3m)一、單詞拼寫一、單詞拼寫 根據(jù)讀音、詞性和詞義寫出單詞。根據(jù)讀音、詞性和詞義寫出單詞。1. _ 5hAndl n. 柄；把手柄；把手v. 處理處理2. _ E5nauns vt. 宣告；

6、通知宣告；通知3. _ i5mi:djEtli adv. 立即；馬上立即；馬上4. _ kEn5klu:d vt. &vi. 結束；推斷出結束；推斷出5. _ ri5pi:t vt. &vi. 重復；重做重復；重做6. _ kjuE n. 治愈；痊愈治愈；痊愈 vt. 痊愈痊愈7._ iks5pEuz vt. 暴露；揭露暴露；揭露8. _ vju: n. 看法，見解；景色看法，見解；景色9. _ E5diFEn n. 增加；加增加；加10. _5bAkwEd adv.& adj. 向后地向后地handleannounce immediately concluderepeatcureexpose

7、viewadditionbackward 11._ strikt adj. 嚴格的，嚴密的嚴格的，嚴密的12. _ ri5dVekt vt. 拒絕拒絕13. _ bleimv. 責備；責備； 譴責譴責 n.過失；責備過失；責備14. _ kEm5pli:t adj. 完成的完成的 vt. 完成，結束完成，結束15. _ kEn5trEul vt.&n. 控制；支配控制；支配16. _ 5vaiErEs n. 病毒病毒17. _ E5tend v. 看護；照料；出席；參加看護；照料；出席；參加18. _ 5endVin n. 發(fā)動機；引擎發(fā)動機；引擎19. _ di5fi:t vt. 擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝

8、擊?。粦?zhàn)勝 n.失敗失敗20. _ in5strQkt vt. 通知；指示；教導通知；指示；教導instruct strict rejectblamecompletecontrolvirusattendenginedefeat二、單詞運用二、單詞運用 根據(jù)句子的結構和意義，在空格處填入一根據(jù)句子的結構和意義，在空格處填入一個恰當?shù)膯卧~或者用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。個恰當?shù)膯卧~或者用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。1. Wilson_ Jason by about a meter and won the race at last.2. Keep indoors and dont_ your sk

9、in to the sun, or youll get sunburned.3. The other day Henry lost_ of himself and hit his wife, but later he made an apology to her.4. After thinking long hard about it, weve c_ that the right decision is to move to Chicago.5. By a_ the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.

10、defeated exposecontrol concludeanalysing 6. The c_ I like best in her is her modesty and kindness.7. A_ in her papers, she didnt notice my coming.8. The result of this examination will be_ (宣布宣布) tomorrow.9. Apart_ the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.10. Alt

11、hough he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led_ the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.to characteristic Absorbedannounced from三、詞語派生三、詞語派生 用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空。1. The news was so_ (inspire) that all of us were_ (inspire).2. We m

12、ust prevent the water from_ (pollute).3. We should study hard and be ready to make greater _(contribute) to our country in the future.4. He did not show any_ (enthusiastic) for our new plans.5. The May 4th_ (move) of 1919 is very important in the history of China.inspiringinspired being polluted con

13、tributions enthusiasm Movement 6. There was a large_ (attend) at the meeting.7. There used to be a kind of what was called “l(fā)iterature of _(expose)” in the 1980s in China.8. The arrival of canals was of great_ (valuable) to many industries.9. He is very cautious about committing himself to anything

14、while his brother is very_ (cautious).10. He took a step backward in order to take three steps_ (backward).attendance exposure value incautious forward 四、詞語互譯四、詞語互譯 將下列詞組或短語譯成中文或英語。將下列詞組或短語譯成中文或英語。1. _ 1. _ 蒸汽機蒸汽機 2. _ 2. _ 提出提出 3. _ 3. _ 得出結論得出結論 4. _ 4. _ 也；另外也；另外 5. _ 5. _ 將將和和連接起來連接起來6. _ 6. _ 除

15、除之外；此外之外；此外 7. _ 7. _ 對對嚴格嚴格 8. _ 8. _ 通向；導致通向；導致 9. _ 9. _ 有意義；說得通有意義；說得通 steam engineput forwarddraw/ make a conclusionin additionlink toapart from(be) strict withlead tomake sense10. point of view _11. cure sb. of a disease_12. attend (on) sb. _ 13. make up _14. the way _15. come to an end _16. t

16、ake up _17. know about _18. look into _態(tài)度；觀點態(tài)度；觀點治愈某人嫉病治愈某人嫉病看護看護/ 照料某人照料某人和解；化妝和解；化妝/ 裝；虛構（故事等）裝；虛構（故事等）道路；方法；程度道路；方法；程度結束；完成結束；完成開始從事；占據(jù)開始從事；占據(jù)知道；了解知道；了解調查；研究調查；研究五、詞組運用五、詞組運用詞組填空詞組填空 根據(jù)句子提供的語境，從第四大題中選出一根據(jù)句子提供的語境，從第四大題中選出一個適當?shù)脑~組并用其適當?shù)男问教羁?。個適當?shù)脑~組并用其適當?shù)男问教羁铡?. Several important plans_ at yesterdays

17、meeting.2. _, the children were taught how to play the piano.3. Differences of opinion_ heated discussion.4. Thank you very much for the information, Sir and Ill get one of our detectives to_ the matter.were put forwardIn additionled tolook into翻譯填空翻譯填空 根據(jù)漢語意思，從上述短語中選出一個恰當根據(jù)漢語意思，從上述短語中選出一個恰當?shù)脑~組完成句子。

18、的詞組完成句子。5. 在經(jīng)過了長期的繁榮之后，在經(jīng)過了長期的繁榮之后， 這個家族最終走向滅亡。這個家族最終走向滅亡。After a long period of prosperity, the family_.6. 除了沉溺于電腦游戲，除了沉溺于電腦游戲， 他似乎無事可做。他似乎無事可做。_ his being addicted to the computer games, he seems to have nothing to do.7. 這段不知所云的文章讀起來很費勁。這段不知所云的文章讀起來很費勁。The paragraph which doesnt_ is hard to read.c

19、ame to an end Apart from make sense句子翻譯句子翻譯 從上述短語中選出一個恰當?shù)亩陶Z翻譯下列從上述短語中選出一個恰當?shù)亩陶Z翻譯下列句子。句子。8.你在國外時，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？你在國外時，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？_?9.他擅長編故事。他擅長編故事。_.10.五十歲時，他開始從事一門新的職業(yè)，對于這個職五十歲時，他開始從事一門新的職業(yè)，對于這個職業(yè)他一直夢寐以求。業(yè)他一直夢寐以求。_.He began to take up a new career at the age of fifty, which he had been dreaming of.Whi

20、ch kind people were attending (on) you when you were abroad?He is good at making up stories.六、語法填空六、語法填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個恰當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個恰當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。正確形式填空。John Snow was 31_ well-known doctor in London in 32_ 19th century. He wanted to find

21、the cause of cholera in order to control 33_. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information. He marked on a map where all the 34_ (die) people had lived 35_ he found that many people 36_ had drunk the dirty water from the water pump died. So he decided that the 37_ (pollute) water

22、 carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply 38_ examined and new methods 39_ dealing with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was 40_ (defeat). a the it dead and who/ that polluted (should) be of defeated Grammar一、過去分詞作定語一、過去分詞作定語1 1、單個的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有被動和完成、單個的過去分詞作定

23、語時一般兼有被動和完成的意義，常作前置定語。的意義，常作前置定語。 eg：a lostlost animal 一只迷路的動物一只迷路的動物 a usedused stamp 一枚用過的郵票一枚用過的郵票 an injuredinjured finger 一個受傷的手指一個受傷的手指 a brokenbroken coin 一枚破損的硬幣一枚破損的硬幣 a lightedlighted candle 一支點燃的蠟燭一支點燃的蠟燭 注意：過去分詞作定語時，有時只有被動意義。注意：過去分詞作定語時，有時只有被動意義。 e.g.：spokenspoken English 英語口語英語口語 writte

24、nwritten exercises 書面練習書面練習少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的過少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義去分詞只有完成的意義fallenfallen leaves 落葉落葉 the risenrisen sun 升起來的太陽升起來的太陽the advancedadvanced countries 發(fā)達國家發(fā)達國家 drunkendrunken man 一個醉鬼一個醉鬼a returnedreturned student 一名留學生一名留學生 a retiredretired teacher 一名退休教師一名退休教師an escapedescaped

25、 prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 by-goneby-gone days 過去的歲月過去的歲月2 2、過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動和或完成意義、過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動和或完成意義。 e.g.：How I regretted the hours wastedwasted in the woods!我多懊悔在樹林浪費的時光啊我多懊悔在樹林浪費的時光啊I like wearing clothes mademade of this kind of cloth我喜歡穿這種布料做的衣服。我喜歡穿這種布料做的衣服。e.g.：The books writtenwritten by Lu

26、Xun are popular魯迅寫的書很受歡迎魯迅寫的書很受歡迎Well go to visit the bridge builtbuilt hundreds of years ago 我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋。Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.= He told us of the great wrong _ to him. which had been done注：本句中的過去分

27、詞作定語，既表被注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成。動又表完成。2） The United States is a developed country. = The United Stated is a country _ .二、過去分詞作表語二、過去分詞作表語1 1、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或所處、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動詞有包括的狀態(tài)，其前的系動詞有包括bebe在內(nèi)的多種在內(nèi)的多種形式。形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 聽了他的發(fā)言，在場的所有人都很振奮。聽了他的發(fā)

28、言，在場的所有人都很振奮。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇。你似乎受了驚嚇。2 2、過去分詞作表語，構成的系表結構與、過去分詞作表語，構成的系表結構與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別： 過去分詞作表語，強調主語的特點或過去分詞作表語，強調主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)；而被動語態(tài)中，主語是所處的狀態(tài)；而被動語態(tài)中，主語是動詞所表示動作的承受者。動詞所表示動作的承受者。 e.g.：This shop is now closedclosed 這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關門了。這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關門了。( (狀態(tài)狀態(tài)) ) This shop is closedclosed at 6 pm ev

29、eryday 這家商店每天這家商店每天6 6點關門。點關門。( (動作動作） Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.1. 丟了錢他自責不已。丟了錢他自責不已。He _ about losing the money.2、你為什么總是看上很疲勞？這些日子睡得好嗎？、你為什么總是看上很疲勞？這些日子睡得好嗎？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days?3.我對昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能好些。我對昨晚看的電影很失望。我原

30、以為它能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.4.聽說那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。聽說那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。 Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film star5.要去動物園了，孩子們非常興奮。要去動物園了，孩子們非常興奮。 The children _ going to the zoo6.他的傷口感染了一種新病毒他的傷口感染了一種新病毒. His wound _ a new viruswas shockedare really excite

31、d aboutbecame infected with1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known高考鏈接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此處考查過去分詞作后置。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，定語，3M3M與與knowknow之間是被動關系，故用過之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞表示被動。去分詞表示被動。2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded

32、 fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考鏈接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此處考查過去分詞作后置。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，定語，discdisc與與recordrecord之間是被動關系，故之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞表示。用過去分詞表示。3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known

33、 B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考鏈接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。knowknow與與wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases構成動賓關系，故用過去分詞表示構成動賓關系，故用過去分詞表示被動。被動。4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt高考鏈接

34、B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾修飾flowersflowers。smellsmell為系動詞，不能用于為系動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)，相當于被動語態(tài)，相當于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。Language points for Reading I Language points for Reading II1.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London-so famous, indeed that he attended Queen Victo

35、ria to ease the birth of her babies.約翰約翰. .斯諾曾經(jīng)是一位著名的醫(yī)生斯諾曾經(jīng)是一位著名的醫(yī)生-他的確他的確太富盛名了太富盛名了, ,以至于維多利亞女王生孩子時都以至于維多利亞女王生孩子時都是他去照料是他去照料, ,幫助她順利分娩幫助她順利分娩. .attend v.(1)to take care; give attention 注意注意, ,留意留意. . 如如: :Well attendattend to the solution of that problem later.(2)to take good care of (a sick person

36、, for example)照看照看, ,照料照料. .如如: :醫(yī)生照看病人醫(yī)生照看病人. .The doctor attendedattended the patients.(3)to be present at 出席出席, ,到場到場. . 如如: :attendattend school 上學上學attendattend a lecture 聽講座聽講座attendattend church 去教堂去教堂attendattend (at) a wedding 出席婚禮出席婚禮2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping o

37、rdinary people exposed to cholera.exposed to cholera 在句子中是過去分詞用作后在句子中是過去分詞用作后置定語置定語, ,表示被動表示被動. .意為意為 “患霍亂的患霍亂的”. .如如: :The book writtenwritten by LuXun is very popular. 魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的. .昨天我們看見的那個人是史密斯先生昨天我們看見的那個人是史密斯先生. .The man seenseen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.發(fā)散思維：發(fā)散思維：exposed

38、adj. 暴露的，暴露于風雨中的，暴露的，暴露于風雨中的，無掩蔽的無掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，顯露暴露，顯露開放思維開放思維: : expose to 使易受，使受使易受，使受 expose sth to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿騙局揭穿騙局3.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在這里是連詞，引導時間狀語從句，在這里是連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意為意

39、為“每次，每當每次，每當”e.g. Every timeEvery time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次見到他，我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。每次見到他，我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。注意注意: : immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等與等與 every time一樣，都可以用作連詞引導時一樣，都可以用作連詞引導時間狀語從句，意為間狀語從句，意為 “一一.就就”。如：。如：I will give the letter to him imme

40、diatelyimmediately I see him.我一見到他就把這封信給他。我一見到他就把這封信給他。I came directlydirectly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就來了。我一接到你的信就來了。4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals .o 吸收吸收 如：如：e.g. The big company has gradually absorbedabsorbed these small com

41、panies intointo its own organization. 這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。absorb v. (1)(1)吸收（液體）；承受；承擔吸收（液體）；承受；承擔. . 如如: :(2)to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of ; engross 吸引；使專心；使全神貫注吸引；使專心；使全神貫注 如如: :我們不能承擔這些費用。我們不能承擔這些費用。作家全神貫注的進行寫作，忘了彈去雪茄煙作家全神貫注的進行寫作，忘了彈去雪茄煙的煙灰的煙灰. .The writer was

42、 so absorbedabsorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.Well not absorbabsorb these charges.他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條街道上霍亂流行的特別他發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩條街道上霍亂流行的特別厲害，在十天之內(nèi)就死去了五百多人。厲害，在十天之內(nèi)就死去了五百多人。5.He found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died

43、in 10 days.severe v. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 嚴厲的；苛刻的；嚴格的嚴厲的；苛刻的；嚴格的. . 如如: :The severesevere trainer has gone abroad. You can breathe freely again.(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 劇痛的，劇烈的，劇痛的，劇烈的，嚴重的，難熬的嚴重的，難熬的 如如:

44、:a severesevere attack of toothache.要求苛嚴的教官已經(jīng)出國要求苛嚴的教官已經(jīng)出國. .你可以完全放心。你可以完全放心。 牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作。牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作。這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。價值的線索。6. The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.valuable(1)adj. worth of a lot of money 值錢的，貴重的值錢的，貴重的 如：如：The watch is valuablevaluable. 這表很值錢

45、。這表很值錢。a valuablevaluable diamond. 貴重的鉆石。貴重的鉆石。(2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如如:valuablevaluable information(3)n. ( (常用復數(shù)形式常用復數(shù)形式) )sth that worth a lot of money. 如如: :Cathy kept her valuablesvaluables in a safe.重大的消息重大的消息凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險箱里凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險箱里. .7. It seemed the water was to bla

46、me.看來霍亂看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了。的流行要歸罪于飲水了。be+動詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的事動詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的事情，相當于情，相當于must, should, ought to 等。等。 如：如：No one is to leaveis to leave this buildingthis building without the permission of the police.沒有警察的允許誰也不準離開這棟樓。沒有警察的允許誰也不準離開這棟樓。You are not to dropare not to drop litterlitter in the par

47、k.公園里不允許亂丟紙屑。公園里不允許亂丟紙屑。8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次，約翰其次，約翰. .斯諾調查了這兩條街的水源。斯諾調查了這兩條街的水源。look into 看看.里面；里面；to investigate 檢查；檢查；了解。了解。 如：如：Well look intolook into this matter together.我們將一起調查這個問題。我們將一起調查這個問題。開放思維：開放思維：look on 觀看，面向，旁觀，看待觀看，面向，旁觀，看待lo

48、ok out 面朝，留神，照料面朝，留神，照料look over 從上面看，察看，檢查從上面看，察看，檢查look around 環(huán)顧，觀光，察看環(huán)顧，觀光，察看look through 看穿，審核，瀏覽，溫習看穿，審核，瀏覽，溫習look up and down 仔細打量，到處尋找仔細打量，到處尋找look after 尋求，照顧，關心尋求，照顧，關心9.In addition, he found two other deaths in another parts of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.除此之外，他發(fā)現(xiàn)

49、在倫敦的另一個地方有兩除此之外，他發(fā)現(xiàn)在倫敦的另一個地方有兩個死亡的病例與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關聯(lián)。個死亡的病例與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關聯(lián)。in addition adv. as well as 另外另外 如：如：In additionIn addition, the course also produces practical experience.此外這門功課還提供了實踐的基礎。此外這門功課還提供了實踐的基礎。linkto. 把把與與連接；聯(lián)系連接；聯(lián)系 如：如：Fingerprints linkedlinked the suspect to to the crime.指紋證實了嫌疑犯的犯罪事實。指紋證實了嫌疑犯的犯罪事實。be linked to 連接連接 如：如：The two towns are linkedlinked by a railway.10.With this extra evidence John Snow