高中英語(yǔ) Unit 1 Great scientists 詞匯詳解 新人教版必修5

1、new words and expressions of Module 5,unit1Warmingup 1. 提出; 推薦; 撥快搭配：put oneself /sth forward 自薦或推薦某人為某職位的候選人 put sth. forward 提前，把時(shí)鐘往前撥；提出 例句：Shall we put him forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee?運(yùn)用：(1)他提出了一個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃。 (2)我的表慢了所以我往前撥了四分鐘。 (3)他們得把會(huì)議提前。 拓展：put 收拾好 put 接通（電話(huà)），完成put 撲滅，生產(chǎn)

2、 put 舉起，搭建，張貼put 增加體重 put 推遲put 穿上，上演 put 容忍 put 放下，寫(xiě)下，鎮(zhèn)壓運(yùn)用：a. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been completely.b. He is such a rude man that I cannot _ him.c. The meeting had to be till next Sunday.d. If you have any questions, your hand.Pre-reading2. Vt 斷定，推斷出；結(jié)束，例句：Let me conc

3、lude my speech with a saying: Where there is a will, there is a way.請(qǐng)讓我用一句諺語(yǔ)來(lái)結(jié)束我的發(fā)言：有志者，事竟成！After waiting for half an hour ,I conclude that he wouldnt come at all.我等了半小時(shí)之后，我斷定他根本就不會(huì)來(lái)了。 搭配：to conclude/in conclusion 最后，總之（常作插入語(yǔ)）draw /reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出結(jié)論運(yùn)用： （1） （最后），Id like to tha

4、nk you Ive enjoyed staying in your beautiful countries.(2)We (得出結(jié)論) that the room must have been empty then.3. analyse=analyze vt 分析例句：Expert are still analyzing the DNA evidence in the case.專(zhuān)家們?nèi)栽诜治鲞@個(gè)案件中的DNA證據(jù)。擴(kuò)展： n 分析，分解（pl）analyses n 分析家，分解家 adj. 分析的， 解析的 analyzable adj. 可被分解的，可分析的運(yùn)用：An _ (分析家) is

5、 skilled in making .（分析）Reading 4. : 使受挫；打敗例句： He has been soundly defeated at chess.他在象棋比賽中一敗涂地。辨析：defeat/win/beatdefeat 多指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，比賽, 競(jìng)選或辯論中戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手，尤指“軍事上的勝利”。win 多指贏得比賽，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，勝利，尊重，名聲，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等。win+ a game/ a race/an election/a victory/a champion/ (1st,2nd )prize/scholarship/a gold medal/sbs trust/love/respect/a

6、 battle/a war.beat 指徹底打敗，后多接人或團(tuán)體。運(yùn)用：1)We _ their team by ten points. 2）Jack _the race at last. 3）He returned to his hometown after the army _ Japan.5. :參加，出席，上學(xué)，到場(chǎng); 照顧，看護(hù)用法：attend sth 出席，參加 attend (to sb./ sth.) 注意，專(zhuān)心 attend to sb./ sth. 照顧，關(guān)照某人/某事 attend (on) sb. 看護(hù)，照料某人搭配：attend class/ school 上課/學(xué)

7、 attend a wedding/a ceremony / a funeral/a lecture/a party 參加婚禮/典禮/葬禮/演講/聚會(huì)例句：他生病了，所以沒(méi)來(lái)上課. 她日夜護(hù)理那位負(fù)傷的警察。 如果你不專(zhuān)心工作，你就不會(huì)成功。 辨析：attend做參加講，賓語(yǔ)通常為 meeting，lecture，funeral，ceremony，party，school等。join 指加入某組織或團(tuán)體，成為其中一員，如“參軍，入團(tuán)，入黨”等。join in 指參加比賽或活動(dòng)，其中in可以作介詞或副詞。take part in 指參加某項(xiàng)集體活動(dòng)，并在其中起積極作用，可指參加工作，活動(dòng)，學(xué)習(xí)等

8、。運(yùn)用：1)My father _ a revolutionary organization in 1938.2)Why didnt you _ the talk last night?3)Well _ social activities during the summer vacation.4)He will _ an important meeting tomorrow.6. : 使面臨，使遭遇（危險(xiǎn)，攻擊，嘲笑等）；使暴露（常與介詞to搭配）搭配：be exposed to 招致，暴露于，感染（?。?exposeto 使.受到/接觸運(yùn)用：Those who pig flu were se

9、parated and treated without delay.感染豬流感的人被及時(shí)隔離和治療。It is considered to be almost a crime to on TV.讓孩子接觸暴力電視節(jié)目幾乎是一種犯罪行為。keep indoors and _.(不要暴露你的皮膚于陽(yáng)光下)7. : v治愈疾病，糾正，去除（弊端等）; n 治愈，治療方法，對(duì)策例句：She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.Most of the patients can be cured of the disease.So fa

10、r, the cure for AIDS has not been found yet.It is a pity that there is no easy cure for loneliness.歸納：cure作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的習(xí)慣用法是 ；作名詞時(shí)經(jīng)常和介詞 搭配使用。運(yùn)用：Scientists have recently succeeded in developing a kind of new vaccine to_ people of bird flu effectively. A. deal B. treat C. cure D. prevent拓展：動(dòng)詞+ sb+of sth. 小結(jié) s

11、b. of sth. 指控，指責(zé)某人某事 sb. of sth. 說(shuō)服某人某事 sb. of sth. 治愈某人某事 sb. of sth. 欺騙某人某事 sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 sb. of sth. 提醒某事某事 sb. of sth. 搶某人某事 sb. of sth 警告某人某事8. ：c/u 挑戰(zhàn)書(shū)；挑戰(zhàn) ；vt 向某人挑戰(zhàn)；邀請(qǐng)某人比賽（常和to連用）搭配：challenge sb to sth/ to do sth運(yùn)用：我邀他比賽過(guò)河。 9. ：v 吸收（液體，聲音，光線(xiàn)，知識(shí)等），吸引（注意力）搭配：absorb ones attention 吸引某人注意 be

12、absorbed in 專(zhuān)心致志于be absorbed into 被吸入（并入）運(yùn)用：(1)She was _that novel that she didnt realize the food had got burned.(2)Several small companies are _ the big one.(3)be lost in 陷入中，沉溺于某事中_, he almost ran into the car in front of him.陷入沉思，他差點(diǎn)撞到前面的車(chē)上。(4)I was so interested in these new ideas that I _ them

13、 without thinking.10. ： v懷疑，認(rèn)為是 n.嫌疑犯，可疑的人用法：suspect +sb/sth 認(rèn)為是某人、某事 suspect+that 懷疑 suspect sb of sb/doing sth 懷疑某人是/做某事運(yùn)用：警察懷疑他是間諜。 我覺(jué)得他可能是對(duì)的。 11. ： v.責(zé)備搭配：blame sb. for sth. 因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人 blame sth. on sb. 把歸咎于某人 to be blame (for sth.) 某人（因?yàn)槟呈拢┮艿截?zé)備 lay/put blame on 把 . 歸咎于 take the blame for sth. 承擔(dān)

14、的責(zé)任運(yùn)用：(1) The diver didnt know who _ for starting the fire?(2)_ his partner. =He_ his partner _.他把他的失敗歸咎于他的搭檔。12. ：污染搭配：pollute environment/ air /water/river/soil聯(lián)想： ： n 污染 ： n 污染物運(yùn)用：1)這條河已經(jīng)被工廠(chǎng)排放的廢物污染 。 2)這是一部毒害青年人的心靈的暴力電影。 13. ： v.處理，操縱；n. 柄，門(mén)把手用法：1)門(mén)的把手?jǐn)嗔恕?2)我不知道如何對(duì)付這些人。 3)他會(huì)操縱這臺(tái)機(jī)器。 14. ： 除此之外，另外比

15、較：In addition to 除了之外（還有）(=besides, as well as, apart from)例句：Morning is the best time for study, in addition ,early rising can give you an exercise chance.He speaks French well, in addition to English.運(yùn)用：1) giving a general instruction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.A .

16、In addition B In addition to C. Except for D. For the sake of 2) The teacher devoted herself to teaching. she helped those who had trouble in paying for the tuition. A. In addition B. In particular C. In fact D. In case15. ： v/n 連接 例句：After investing ,they linked the accident to speed driving.調(diào)查后他們把

17、事故與快速駕車(chē)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。搭配 linkto 把和連接起來(lái) ( 該短語(yǔ)常用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)) link up 連接起來(lái) connect. combine. unite. join. 16. ： vt 宣布，宣告例句：a. Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.b. It has been announced that a new railway will be built through that city.發(fā)散： ：n 宣布，通知 ：n 播音員，廣播員 辨析：announce/declareannoun

18、ce指正式公布，宣布，側(cè)重預(yù)告人們關(guān)心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞。declare指正式向公眾宣布，側(cè)重“當(dāng)眾發(fā)表”，多用于宣戰(zhàn)，議和或宣判等。1).China has _ war on Japan.2).Gathering clouds_ the coming storm.3).The government _ its new economic policies to the public on TV.A. declared B. turned out C. connected D. announced17. ：v命令；教導(dǎo)例句：他命令我們?cè)夭粍?dòng)。 He instructed that we

19、all_ where we were.我們受到指示不得說(shuō)出那件事。 We were instructed about it.我叔叔教別人開(kāi)汽車(chē)。 My uncle instructed people how .政府指令手機(jī)短信要嚴(yán)格控制。The government instructs that mobile text message .總結(jié)：命令某人（不）做某事 ；在某方面指導(dǎo)某人 ； 指導(dǎo)某人做某事 ；instruct 表示“命令”時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用 。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 ，should可以省略。運(yùn)用：Mr. Dans determined to hire a teacher to _ he

20、r daughter in papercut art.A. teacher B. introduce C. instruct D. directLearning about language 18. ： v 捐助，捐獻(xiàn)，投稿; 對(duì)有貢獻(xiàn)，有助于（常和介詞to搭配使用）例句：Most people contributed some money to/towards the new church.大多數(shù)人都為新教堂捐獻(xiàn)了一些錢(qián)。A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.適度的運(yùn)動(dòng)有益健康。擴(kuò)展：contribute to 有助于，

21、促使 make a contribution /contributions to sth. 對(duì)做貢獻(xiàn)運(yùn)用：1) 他每年給慈善事業(yè)捐出十萬(wàn)美元。 2) 大量新鮮空氣有助于健康。 3）科學(xué)家為科學(xué)的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。 19. ：除之外；此外用法：a. 除了.以外（還有）（相當(dāng)于besides）；除了.以外（沒(méi)有）（相當(dāng)于except） Apart from my parents, I have no one to believe in.(相當(dāng)于except)Everyone in our class went to the cinema apart from Mary. (相當(dāng)于besides

22、)b. 此外，除掉（相當(dāng)于except for） I think you really have an artist gift apart from this defect.除了這個(gè)缺陷外，我覺(jué)得你確實(shí)有藝術(shù)天賦辨析： besides/except/except for/apart from1）besides是 “除了以外（還有）” 的意思，有肯定的附加意義，表示在整體中加上一部分，除去的部分包括在內(nèi)，是包容關(guān)系。Besides還可作副詞，表示“另外”，相當(dāng)于in addition 如: We all went besides the girls.除了姑娘們?nèi)ブ猓覀円捕既チ恕?Beside

23、s，you have to promise me one thing.2）except 是“除了以外（沒(méi)有）”的意思，表示在整體中減去一部分，除去的部分要排除在外，是排除關(guān)系。前后名詞性質(zhì)相同。如：We all went except the girls.除了姑娘們沒(méi)去，我們都去了。3）except for 意思是“除之外”，用于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正和補(bǔ)充句子的主要意思。前后名詞性質(zhì)不相同。如：Your composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.4）apart from 具有多重意義，即可表示besides，也可表示

24、except 或except for。如：what do you like eating apart from (besides) apples?I like doing sports apart from (except ) running.運(yùn)用：1）Your compositions are well written _ Jims.2)The hurricane damaged many houses and business building; _ , it caused 30 deaths. 3）The bus is empty _ an old lady 4）_ the ending, its a really good film.拓展：in _ _ 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上 in _ _ _ 作為回報(bào) in _ _ _ 以防，如果 in _ _ 贊成 in _ _ _ 尋找 in _ _ 依次，輪流in _ _