英語(yǔ)翻譯課件

1、1.1. The Nature of Translation (The Nature of Translation (本質(zhì)本質(zhì)) )2.2. The Definition of Translation (The Definition of Translation (定義定義) )3.3. The Criteria for Translation (The Criteria for Translation (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) )4.4. The Process of Translation (The Process of Translation (步驟步驟) )5.5.Translators Comp

2、etence (Translators Competence (譯者所應(yīng)具備的能力譯者所應(yīng)具備的能力) )6.6.The Methods of Translation (The Methods of Translation (方法方法) ) About translation What is the nature of translation?The Nature of TranslationEugene Nida A branch of scienceA branch of science What is the nature of translation?The Nature of Tra

3、nslation傅雷傅雷 An artAn artThe Nature of Translation孫迎春孫迎春skill/craft/instrumentskill/craft/instrument What is the nature of translation?The Nature of Translation茅盾茅盾 The combination of art and scienceThe combination of art and science Linguistic views on translation: Translation is “the replacement o

4、f textual material in one language (Source Language) by equivalent textual material in another language.” (Catford)The Definition of Translation Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and

5、second in terms of style. - Eugene Nida所謂翻譯，是指從語(yǔ)義到風(fēng)格在譯語(yǔ)中用最所謂翻譯，是指從語(yǔ)義到風(fēng)格在譯語(yǔ)中用最切近而又最自然的對(duì)等語(yǔ)再現(xiàn)原語(yǔ)的信息。切近而又最自然的對(duì)等語(yǔ)再現(xiàn)原語(yǔ)的信息。-尤金尤金.奈達(dá)奈達(dá)The Definition of Translation Communicative views on translation: The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced on the orig

6、inal source language readers. (Newmark) 翻譯是異語(yǔ)交際活動(dòng)，通過(guò)語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換達(dá)到交際翻譯是異語(yǔ)交際活動(dòng)，通過(guò)語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換達(dá)到交際目的。（張澤乾）目的。（張澤乾）The Definition of Translation Semantic views on translation: Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that author intended the text. (Newmark) 把一種語(yǔ)言文字的意義用另一種語(yǔ)言文字表達(dá)把一

7、種語(yǔ)言文字的意義用另一種語(yǔ)言文字表達(dá)出來(lái)。出來(lái)。(現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典)The Definition of Translation Cultural views on translation: For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (Nida) 翻譯是將一種語(yǔ)言文字所蘊(yùn)含的意思用另一種翻譯是將

8、一種語(yǔ)言文字所蘊(yùn)含的意思用另一種語(yǔ)言文字表達(dá)出來(lái)的文化活動(dòng)。語(yǔ)言文字表達(dá)出來(lái)的文化活動(dòng)。 (王克非王克非)The Definition of TranslationGeneral laws of translationGeneral laws of translation (Tytler (Tytler) )1. The translation should give a complete 1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.transcript of th

9、e ideas of the original work.2. The style and manner of writing should 2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the be of the same character with that of the original.original.3. The translation should have all the ease 3. The translation should have all the ea

10、se of original composition.of original composition.The Criteria for Translation Criteria for translation 1) True to the original;2) Vivid;3) Smooth and natural;4) Equivalence of response.The Criteria for TranslationIn China1.1.玄奘玄奘：既須求真，又須喻俗既須求真，又須喻俗2.2.嚴(yán)復(fù)：嚴(yán)復(fù)：譯事三難：信，達(dá)，雅。求其信，譯事三難：信，達(dá)，雅。求其信， 已大難矣！顧信矣，

11、不達(dá)，雖譯猶已大難矣！顧信矣，不達(dá)，雖譯猶 不譯也，則達(dá)尚焉。不譯也，則達(dá)尚焉。(1898)(1898)3.3.魯迅：魯迅：凡是翻譯，必須兼顧兩面，一當(dāng)然是凡是翻譯，必須兼顧兩面，一當(dāng)然是 求其易解，一則保存著原作的風(fēng)姿。求其易解，一則保存著原作的風(fēng)姿。4.4.傅雷傅雷：重神似，不重形似重神似，不重形似5.5.錢(qián)鐘書(shū)錢(qián)鐘書(shū)：化境化境6.6.許淵沖許淵沖：楊長(zhǎng)避短，發(fā)揮譯文語(yǔ)言?xún)?yōu)勢(shì)。楊長(zhǎng)避短，發(fā)揮譯文語(yǔ)言?xún)?yōu)勢(shì)。The Criteria for TranslationThe Process of Translation The Four-phase Process in Translating1)

12、 analysis of the source text;2) transfer from source to target language;3) Restructuring in the target language;4) Testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience.The Process of TranslationThe Basic Process of Translation1) Accurate comprehension;stylistic analysissem

13、antic analysispragmatic analysiscontextual analysislogical analysis2) Adequate representation;3) Revision. To be a good translator: a sense of responsibilityTo be a good translator: a sense of responsibility1)1) the responsibility of representing the original; the responsibility of representing the

14、original; 2)2) fulfilling ones clients requirements;fulfilling ones clients requirements;3)3) conforming to the socio-cultural norms of the conforming to the socio-cultural norms of the receiving country;receiving country;4)4) satisfying the demands of the target language satisfying the demands of t

15、he target language reader;reader;5)5) abiding by ones professional ethics.abiding by ones professional ethics.Translators CompetenceA translator must be a Jack of all trades and master of some.朱憲超朱憲超& &韓子滿韓子滿Translators Competence Bilingual Competencetarget language + source language Bicultural Comp

16、etencethe differences and the like in history, geography, climate, lifestyles between target language and source language Encyclopedic Knowledgespecialize in more than one field;the use of computers and software;knowledge of the Internet. Political Stand(Just) Imagine (it).Ill buy it. 不可能不可能 想不到想不到

17、真沒(méi)想到真沒(méi)想到 我不懂我不懂 我答不出我答不出 請(qǐng)告訴我請(qǐng)告訴我Translators Competence“Come, Come! Dont be so devilishly sulky: its boyish.”“Why, man, youre genius, a master of masters, a god! At twenty-four, too!”得，得，也用不著那樣地不開(kāi)心，這完全是得，得，也用不著那樣地不開(kāi)心，這完全是孩子氣。孩子氣?！卑Γ闲?，你真是個(gè)天才，圣人中的圣人，唉，老兄，你真是個(gè)天才，圣人中的圣人，人間的天神！而且年紀(jì)才只有二十四歲！人間的天神！而且年紀(jì)才只有二

18、十四歲！”Translators Competence1. 1. 陳先生乃中國(guó)學(xué)界泰斗。陳先生乃中國(guó)學(xué)界泰斗。2. 2. 那位研究生英年好學(xué)，矻矻三載，終那位研究生英年好學(xué)，矻矻三載，終 始其論文得以付梓。始其論文得以付梓。Mr. Chen is a renowned master in the Mr. Chen is a renowned master in the academic circles of China.academic circles of China.That graduate student at his lifes full flowering That graduat

19、e student at his lifes full flowering was eager to learn, worked diligently and was eager to learn, worked diligently and untiringly for 3 years, and finally he had his untiringly for 3 years, and finally he had his thesis published.thesis published.Translators CompetenceShe is a cat. sandwich mansa

20、ndwich man身前身后掛著廣告或標(biāo)語(yǔ)牌的廣告宣傳員身前身后掛著廣告或標(biāo)語(yǔ)牌的廣告宣傳員她是個(gè)心地惡毒的女人。她是個(gè)心地惡毒的女人。/她是個(gè)愛(ài)說(shuō)別人壞話她是個(gè)愛(ài)說(shuō)別人壞話的女人。的女人。/他是個(gè)膽小鬼。他是個(gè)膽小鬼。Translators CompetenceThe peasant uprisings The peasant uprisings in the history of Chinain the history of ChinaThe enemy killed one The enemy killed one of our soldiers and we of our soldiers and we killed an enemy agent.killed an enemy agent.農(nóng)民起義農(nóng)民起義敵人殺害了我們敵人殺害了我們的一名戰(zhàn)士，我的一名戰(zhàn)士，我們?cè)琢艘粋€(gè)敵特。們?cè)琢艘粋€(gè)敵特。Translators CompetenceLiteral tr