人教版英語八年級下冊(講義)Unit1Whatx27sthematter？詞句精講精練

1、人教版英語八年級下冊Unit 1 What ' s the matter詞句精講精練詞匯精講1. have a coldhave a cold是動詞短語，意為 患感冒，傷風(fēng)”，也可以說成 catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。 其中have表示 患病，得病”，不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，但可與一段時間連用，表示狀態(tài)；而catch/get a cold則表示瞬時動作，不能同一段時間連用。例如：I have had a cold for three days.我感冒三天了。此句也可以表達(dá)為：I had/caught/got a cold three days ago

2、.【拓展】表示人體某部位 痛”時的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) have a +身體部位名詞后加-ache構(gòu)成。例如：have a headache 頭痛have a toothache 牙痛have a stomachache 胃痛(2) have a sore +身體部位名詞。例如：have a sore throat 喉嚨痛have a sore arm 胳月底痛have a sore foot 腳痛(3)身體部位 + hurt/ache。例如：My eyes hurt.我眼睛痛。My legs ache.我腿疼。(4) have a pain in/ on + the + 身體部位。例如:I ha

3、ve a pain in the arm. 我胳月底痛。(5) There is something wrong with + one'Is體部位。例如：There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。2. rest(1) rest作及物動詞，意為 使休息”，作不及物動詞，意為休息”。例如：You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading.在大量閱讀之后，你應(yīng)該休息一下你的眼睛。I ' m tired, and I want to rest.我累了，我想休息。(2) rest也可以

4、作名詞，常用搭配have a resit,表示 休息一下”。例如：You have a cold , and should have a rest.你感冒了，應(yīng)該休息一下。3. break(1) break作不及物，意為 弄碎，破碎"。break的過去式為broke,過去分詞為broken。例 如：Glass is easily broken.玻璃容易破碎。(2) break作及物動詞，意為 弄碎，弄斷”。例如：Li Ming broke his left leg last night.昨晚李明摔斷了 左腿。(3) break作及物動詞，意為不遵守”。例如：As a student,

5、 you shouldn ' t break school rules.作為學(xué)生，你不該違反學(xué)校規(guī)則?！就卣埂?1) break down意為“機(jī)器)壞了"。例如：We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.我們很抱歉到晚了，因為車拋錨了。(2) break into表示 破門而入”。例如：I caught two men trying to break into the office.我瞧見兩個人想闖入我的辦公室。(3) break out表示“(戰(zhàn)爭、瘟疫、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā) ”。例如：World War II

6、 broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于 1939年 9月。4. hurt(1) hurt作及物動詞，意為使受傷，使弄痛”，過去分詞和過去式都是 hurt。例如：He hurt his right knee.他傷了右膝。I hope you haven ' t hurt yourse愿你沒有受傷。(2) hurt既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害。例如：You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat.你說她胖，傷害了她的感情了。I don ' t mean to hurt yoi

7、并非有意傷害你。(3) hurt作不及物動詞，意為疼痛”。例如：My feet hurt when I walk. 我走路時腳疼。I caught a cold and my head hurt. 我感冒了而且頭痛。5. freefree作及物動詞，意為 使自由“。例如：Can you free me for half an hour ? 你能讓我自由一個小時嗎？【拓展】(1) free作形容詞，表示 自由的；空閑的”。例如：You are free to ask questions.你可以請隨便問。Are you free tomorrow ? 你有空嗎?(2) free還可作 免費的”。例

8、如：Are the drinks free?這飲料是免費的嗎 ？The books are given away free.這些書是免費贈送的。(3) free的副詞freely可表示 自由地，隨便地等“，可位于動詞之前或之后。例如：You may speak freely. 你可以直言。He could write freely about it now. 他可以自由地寫這個事了。6. mean(1) mean作及物動詞，表示 打算，意味著”，后接名詞，動詞不定式短語或從句。例如: The red light means"Sop 示停止。I mean to go shopping.

9、 我的意思是去購物。The sign means that the road is blocked. 這個標(biāo)志表示止匕路不通。(2) mean的名詞形式是 "meaning,”表示 意思、含義”。例如：What' s the meaning of the word 這個單詞的是什么意思？(3) What do / did you mean by.?該句型的意思是 你是什么意思?”例如：What do you mean by acting like this? 你這樣做是什么意思 ？7. lielie是動詞，意為 躺”，過去式和過去分詞分別為lay和lain,現(xiàn)在分詞為lyin

10、g。例如:I found he was lying on the ground. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地上。【拓展】（1） lie有 位于”的意思。例如：A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺廟位于山頂之上。（2） lie作動詞時，也可意為撒謊”，過去式和過去分詞是規(guī)則的，均為 lied。lie也可用作名詞,意為謊言”。例如：Don' t lie to m環(huán)要向我撒謊。The boy told a lie to me.這個男孩向我撒了謊。原形詞義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie躺；位于laylainlyinglie說謊liedliedlying（

11、3）英語中，部分以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞的-ing形式必須改ie為y再加-ing。例如：die 一 dying tie 一 tying lie 一 lying8. breathebreathe可以作不及物動詞也可以作及物動詞，意為 呼吸”。例如：The old man is breathing hard.這位老人呼吸困難。It ' s good to breathe fresh a呼吸新鮮空氣有好處?！就卣埂勘嫖?breathe 和 breath這兩個詞都是表示呼吸”的意思，但詞性不同。 breath是名詞；breathe是動詞。例如：He has run himself out of br

12、eath .他跑得上氣不接下氣。It ' s healthy to breathe deeply in the morning早上做深呼吸對身體有益。breath的常用短語： take a deep breath深呼吸；out of breath上氣不接下氣9. ourselvesoursekes是反身代詞，意為我們自己”。表示 某人自己”的代詞，叫反身代詞，也叫自身代詞。反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語、表語和同位語，需要注意反身代詞與所指代的名詞或代詞在人稱、性別和數(shù)上保持一致。反身代詞的構(gòu)成是：第一人稱和第二人稱是形容詞性物主代詞+ -self/sekes?！崩纾簃yself （我自

13、己），oursekes（我們自己），yourself （你自己），yourselves （你們自己）第三人稱是 賓格代詞+ -self/selves ;”單數(shù)形式是加-self,復(fù)數(shù)形式是加-sekes。例如：himself（他自己），herself （她自己）， 注意：對于單數(shù)人稱的反身代詞加 常用短語有：by oneself某人獨自teach oneself 自學(xué) dress oneself 自 己穿衣服詞匯精練I.英漢詞組互譯。1. have a cold3. to one ' s surpriseitself （它自己），themsekes （他們自己）-self,對于復(fù)數(shù)人稱

14、的反身代詞加-sekes。enjoy oneself have a good time 玩得開心 help oneself to隨便吃、喝hurt oneself 傷了自己2.量體溫4.何忌做某事5. be used to doing sth. 6. 看醫(yī)生7. run out of8. 下車9. thanks to10. 及時II .根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示補(bǔ)全句子。1. Do you(介意)if I open the window ?2. Be careful, not to(受傷)yourself.3. Tom is in a difficult s .4. I have made a d

15、about my study goal for the new term .5. We should look after o when we are alone at home .6. If you have a fever, you s lie down and rest .7. I have a (牙疼),so I want to see a dentist(牙醫(yī)).8. They retire(退休)and have a lot of f time .III .從括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. It ' s hard to make a(decidnow.2. Is she

16、 used to(walk) after supper?3. The(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad .4. As time goes by , we can realize the(important) of love .6. He should(have) some hot water.7. Look! A dog(lie) at the door .8. We are(surprise) at the news.9. He kept on(work) though his leg hurt .10. No one can be successfu

17、l(with) hard work .IV.聽力鏈接。(2015年蘭州中考)聽句子，選擇與所聽內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每個句子讀兩遍。4糕,一A八B種,呷能盛1D -e XC(have) a sore back?.【參考答案】I.英漢詞組互譯。1.感冒2.take one ' s temperature.使某人吃驚4.agree to do sth.5.習(xí)慣于做 6.go to see a doctor7.用盡；耗盡 8.get off9.多虧；由于 10. in timeII.根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示補(bǔ)全句子。1.mind 2.hurt 3. situation 4. decisi

18、on5. ourselves 6. should 7. toothache 8. freeIII.從括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. decision2.walking3. deathd.importance5. Does, have6. have7. is lying8.surprised9. working10. withoutIV.聽力鏈接。1 - 5 CDABE聽力材料：第一節(jié) 聽句子，選擇與所聽內(nèi)容相符的圖片。每個句子讀兩遍。1. It was rainy last night .2. Look at the baby monkeys . They 're very cut

19、e .3. There is something wrong with his heart .4. My cousin likes playing the piano .5. The girl crossed her arms , so it seemed that she wasn't interested in the conversation .句式精講1. What ' s the matterWhat' s the matter? What' s wrong?用來詢問對方出了什么毛病或問題，意為 怎么了？”， 是醫(yī)生詢問病人病情時的常用語。例如：一Wh

20、at' s the matter?爾怎么了 ? I have a stomachache.我胃疼。一 What' s wrong, Tom? Tomi 么了？一I don ' t feel very we我感覺不太舒服。【拓展】What' s the matter? What' s wrong?可接 with sb. / sth.,即 What' s the matter with sb./ sth或What' s wrong with sb./sth.意為 某人/某物怎么了？“例如：What' s the matter with

21、 you? = What' s wrongfwifhyou?一 What' s wrong / What ' s the matter with youreg腿怎么了？ Nothing.沒什么。注意：matter是名詞，其前只能加定冠詞the; wrong是形容詞，前面不需要加任何冠詞。不能說 What' s your wrong?和 What' s your matter?2. What should she do ?-She should take her temperature.should作情態(tài)動詞，意為 應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該”。表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任，可用于各種

22、人稱，無人稱和數(shù)的 變化，也不能單獨作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)；否定形式為should not,縮寫為shouldn'。t其主要用法有：(1)表示責(zé)任和義務(wù)，意為應(yīng)該”。例如：You should take your teacher '你advce.從你老師的建議。Yo u shouldn ' t be late for claSs不應(yīng)該上課遲到。(2)表示推斷，意為 何能，該”。例如：The train should have already left.火車可能已經(jīng)離開了。3. But to his surprise , they al

23、l agreed to go with him.(1) surprise作動詞時，意為 使驚奇，使感到意外、吃驚 ”。例如：What surprised you?什么事使你感到意外？(2) surprise作不可數(shù)名詞時，表示 驚奇，驚異”。例如：Her face showed surprise at the news.聽到這個消息，她的臉上露出了驚奇的表情。(3) surprise作可數(shù)名詞時，表示 驚奇、驚訝、意外的事或吃驚的事”。例如：He gave me a surprise by arriving early.他的早到使我大感意外。(4)作名詞用時?？蓸?gòu)成如下短語：to one &#

24、39; s surprise；使某人吃驚的是 "；in surprise意為 吃驚地”。例如：To my surprise, he passed the exam.使我吃驚是，他竟然通過了考試。He looked at me in surprise. 他吃驚地望著我。4. He was not ready to die that day.(1) ready作形容詞，意為 準(zhǔn)備好的”。例如：Is everything ready? 一切都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？Are you ready?你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？(2) be/get ready to +動詞原形，意為 準(zhǔn)備做 "。例如：I 

25、9; m getting ready to travel.我正準(zhǔn)備去旅行?！就卣埂縝e ready for意為 準(zhǔn)備去”，后接名詞或動名詞，同義短語為get ready for。例如：I' m ready for bed我正準(zhǔn)備睡覺。The chicken will soon be ready for the pot.這些雞肉很快就可以準(zhǔn)備下鍋了。5. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnd ta kin mrisks.mind作及物動詞，意為 介意、照料、留神、注意常用于疑問句、否定句、條件句中,后面接名詞、代詞、動詞 -ing形式或從句。例如

26、：Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打開窗戶嗎？Don' t mind m環(huán)要管我。【拓展】mind還可作名詞，意為 智力、頭腦、想法、意見”。例如：He has quick mind.他頭腦敏銳。Tom changed his mind at last. 最后 Tom 改變了主意。句式精練I.按括號中的要求改寫句子。1. We had a good time in the park yesterday.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 )We in the park yesterday.2. Sleeping eight hours a night is ver

27、y important.( 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 )very important eight hours a night.3. It ' s important that we should eat a balanced die同儀句轉(zhuǎn)換 )It ， s importanta balanced diet.4. What ' s the matter with you?同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）What' s you?5. I think I have a cold.（改為否定句）I I a cold.6. She has a toothache.（對劃線部分提問） the her?7. My

28、head hurts.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）I a.8. There is a tall building in front of my house.（ 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ） A tall building in front of my house.9. He need not return the book three days ago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ）He return the book three days ago.10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money.（ 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ） I hope I a present for m

29、y mother with my own money.II.根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。1 .一你的手表怎么了？ 匕不走了。一 your watch?It ' s doesn ' t work.2 .多吃蔬菜和水果對我們來說是必要的。It ' s necessary us more fruit and vegetables.3 .那個男孩喜歡用英語和別人說話。The boy others in English.4 .一你怎么了 ？我牙疼。?-I have a.5 .你看上去氣色不好，請?zhí)上滦菹⒁幌掳伞ou don' t look. Please and have a rest.6 .你應(yīng)該幫助你母親做家務(wù)。You your mother the housework.7 .你介意調(diào)低音樂嗎？Would you the music?8 .所有學(xué)生在為運動會做準(zhǔn)備。All the studentsthe sports meeting.III.補(bǔ)全對話。（2014年黑龍江龍東市中考）Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer.