2013新人教版八年級上冊英語知識要點(diǎn)短語句型語法講解修改版

1、初中英語八年級上冊復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?重點(diǎn)短語：（1）go on vacation/holiday 去度假 take a vacation/holiday 度假（2）stay at home 呆在家（3）go to the mountains 去爬山（4）go to the beach 去沙灘（5）visit museums 參觀博物館（6）go to summer camp 去夏令營 (7) visit my uncle 看望我的叔叔（8）quite a few(+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))=quite a lot of 相當(dāng)多，不少（9）st

2、udy for為而學(xué)習(xí)（10）go out 出去（11）most of the time 大多數(shù)時間（12）taste good 嘗起來不錯（13）have a good time過得愉快（14）of course 當(dāng)然 = sure= certainly（15）feel like 給.的感覺，感受到（16）go shopping 去買東西（17）in the past 在過去（18）walk around.四處走走（19）too many(+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)) 太多too much（+不可數(shù)名詞） 太多much too+ adj. 實(shí)在太（12）because of + n./pron./v-

3、ing 因為 because + 句子（14）one bowl of 一碗（16）find out 查明，弄清（18）take photos 照相（19）something important 重要的事情（20）up and down 上上下下（21）come up 上來（22）come down 下來（23）make a difference 有影響，起作用重點(diǎn)句型：（1）Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.（2）Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Every

4、one was on vacation.（3）Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father.（4）How was the food? Everything tasted really good.（5）Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.習(xí)慣用法：（1）buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth 為某人買某物（2）taste + adj. 嘗起來 look + adj 看起來（3）nothing .bu

5、t + V.(原形) not anything =nothing（4）seem + (to be) + adj 看起來（5） arrive in + 大地點(diǎn) arrive at + 小地點(diǎn) 到達(dá)某地reach+ 地點(diǎn) 到達(dá)某地get to +地點(diǎn) 到達(dá)某地（注：若地點(diǎn)為副詞home/there/here則要省掉介詞）（6） decide to do sth. 決定做某事= make a decision/resolution to do sth.（7） try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 try to do sth. 盡力/努力/設(shè)法做某事 try ones best to do sth

6、盡力做某事try過去式：tried, 三單：tries（8）enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 enjoy oneself 玩得開心（9）want to do sth. 想去做某事（10）start / begin doing sth. 開始做某事 start / begin to do sth. 開始做某事（11）stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事 stop to do sth 停下來做(另一件)某事（12）dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事 dislike to do sth. 不喜歡做某事（13）Why not do sth. 為什么不做.呢？ =

7、Why dont you do sth.（14）so + adj + that + 從句 如此以至于（15）tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事（16）keep doing sth. 一直做某事 Keep on doing sth. 堅持/繼續(xù)做某事（17）forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth 忘記做過某事（remember 記得， 用法一樣）（18）wait for sb./ sth. 等待某人或某物語法點(diǎn)：1.seem的用法（1）seem + 形容詞 看起來. You seem happy today.（2

8、）seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold No one seemed to be bored.（3）It seems / seemed that+ 句子 看起來好像；似乎. It seems that no one believes you. 2. decide to do sth.決定做某事 We decided to go to the beach.decide + 疑問詞 + 動詞不定式 He can not decide when to start.3. over 介詞，多于，超過，在以上（表示數(shù)目、程度）= more than

9、My father is over 40 years old. We waited over an hour for the train.4. because of 因為，由于，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不能接句子。because 連詞，因為，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示直接明確的原因或理由。He cant take a walk because of the rain. We couldnt see anything below because of the bad weather.I didnt buy anything because it was much too expensive.5. eno

10、ugh 用法：enough用在名前形副后（enough用在名詞前形容詞副詞后） 名前: enough money/time My father didnt bring enough money. 形副后: happy enough fast enough 6.下小雨： rain a little 下大雨： rain hard/heavily7. 感嘆句：（1）What a/an + adj.+ n. (單數(shù))+主語+謂語! What a kind boy he is! What an interesting book it is.（2）What +adj. +n. (復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)) +主語+謂

11、語!What beautiful girls they are! What great weather it is!(3) How adj./adv.+ 主語+謂語！ How kind he is! How interesting the book is! How fast he ran!8. a few / few / a little / little a few (少數(shù)的，幾個，一些)a little (一點(diǎn)兒，少量)表示肯定few (很少的，幾乎沒有的) little (很少的，幾乎沒有的)表示否定修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞1. people can live to 100,but p

12、eople can live to 150. 2. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk? 9. none / no one none指人或物，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，用how many提問，常與of連用。no one 多指人，強(qiáng)調(diào)“無人”這種狀態(tài)，用who提問，不可與of連用，作主語時，其謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。1、 of the pens are mine . 2、 is in the classroom.語法1.一般過去時1） 一般過去時的含義：表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2）

13、標(biāo)志時間：yesterday, last night/week/month/year, three days ago等過去時間的詞。3） 動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則動詞原形動詞過去式一般詞尾加-edhelpplayhelpedplayed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加-dlivehopelivedhoped末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplanned結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的，先變y為i再加-edcarrystudycarriedstudied4) 句型（1）含實(shí)義動詞 肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+其它. Tom lived in the US

14、two years ago.否定句：主語+didnt+動詞原形+其它. Tom didnt live in the US two years ago.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形+其它? Did Tom live in the US two years ago? 肯定回答：Yes, 主語 did. Yes, he did. 否定回答：No, 主語 didnt. No, he didnt.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其它? Where did Tom live in the US two years ago?5） 含be動詞肯定句：主語+ was/were+其它. He

15、 was a primary school student last year.否定句：主語+wasnt/ werent+ 其它。He wasnt a primary school student last year.一般疑問句：was/ were+主語+ 其它? Was he a primary school student last year?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+其它？What was he last year? 2. 復(fù)合不定代詞：（1）復(fù)合不定代詞：something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, anyo

16、ne, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere（2）形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞要后置。something special 某些特別的事情 anyone interesting 任何有趣的人 anywhere warm 任何溫暖的地方（3）some 常用于肯定句。 I did something interesting last summer vacation. any 常用于否定句和疑問句中。I didnt do anything special

17、. Did you go anywhere interesting? 當(dāng)some用在疑問句中，表示希望得到對方的肯定回答。 當(dāng)any用于肯定句中，表示任何。（4）復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everything was excellent. Someone asks me to keep on writing. Unit 2 How often do you exercise?短語：（1）help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事（2）go shopping 去買東西（3）on weekends 在周末（4）how often 多少次（5）hardly ever幾乎從不（6）o

18、nce a week 一星期一次（7）twice a month 一個月兩次（8）go to the movies 去看電影（9）every day 每天（10）use the Internet =go online上網(wǎng)（11）be freebe not busy=have time 有空（12）have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈和鋼琴課（13）swing dance 搖擺舞（14）play tennis 打乒乓球（15）stay up late熬夜到很晚（16）go to sleep 睡覺（17）go to bed上床睡覺（18）at least 至少，不少于，

19、起碼 （19）go to bed early 上床睡覺早（20）play sports 做運(yùn)動（21）be good for 對.有好處（22）be good at doing sth擅長做某事（23）go camping去野營（24）in ones free time 在某人的業(yè)余時間里（25）the most popular 最受歡迎的（26）such as 例如.像.這樣 （27）go to the dentist看牙科醫(yī)生（28）more than 多于（29）less than 少于（30）old habits lie hard 舊習(xí)難改（31）junk food垃圾食品（32）ta

20、ke care of sb 照料某人（33）look after sb照顧某人（34）have to do sth必須做某事（35）get in 進(jìn)入（36）be late for =arrive late for遲到（37）eat a healthy breakfast 吃一份健康的早餐語法要點(diǎn)：（1）What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.（2）What do they do on weekends? They often help my mother with housework.（3）What does she do

21、on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.（4）How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month.（5）How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.（6）Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.習(xí)慣用法：1. help sb. with sthhave sb do sth 幫助某人做某事2. How/What about doing? .怎么樣？/

22、.好不好？3. be healthy for 對是健康的4. How many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ 一般疑問句 .有多少.5. 主語+ find+ that 從句 發(fā)現(xiàn)6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度過時光8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問某事9. by doing sth. 通過做某事10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜歡的是什么？11 start doing sth. 開始做某事12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式13.be

23、 full of=be filled with 裝滿14.what about doingsth？做某事怎么樣？15.not.at all 一點(diǎn)兒也不 16. the answers to .的答案 （the key to 的鑰匙）17.keep/be/stay healthy=keep/be in good health 保持健康18.be good for(反：be bad for) 對有利19. be good at doing sth. 擅長做某事20. be good to sb. =be friendly to sb 對某人友好21. be good with sb. 與某人相處得

24、好22. use sth. for fun 使用某物來玩23. 基數(shù)詞-year-old（16-year-old） 多少歲的(16歲的)24. favorite =likebest 最喜歡25. twice = two times 兩次詞語辨析：1. free 空閑的，有空的， 反義詞為 busy. be free 有空，閑著，相當(dāng)于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 2. How come？ 怎么會？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點(diǎn)想不通；可單獨(dú)使用，也可引導(dǎo)一個問句， 相當(dāng)于疑問句 why, 但 ho

25、w come 開頭的特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，遲睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡覺”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 強(qiáng)調(diào)“上床睡覺”的動作及過程，但人不一定睡著。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep

26、強(qiáng)調(diào)“入睡，睡著，進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 賓語 +名詞, 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 賓語 + 形容詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn)： He found the room dirty.find + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分?jǐn)?shù)， 基數(shù)詞 + percent percent 沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，根據(jù)所修飾的名詞來判斷謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。 Forty per

27、cent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passes.7. more than 超過，多于，不僅僅， 相當(dāng)于 over. 在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中考查兩者的同義替換。反義詞組為：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.8. afraid 形容詞， 擔(dān)心的，害怕的，在句中作表語，不用在名詞前作定語。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某

28、事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事Im afraid + 從句， 恐怕， 擔(dān)心：Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid to tell my father. Im afraid I have to go now.9. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的區(qū)別：sometimes 頻度副詞， 有時。表示動作發(fā)生的不經(jīng)常性，多與一般現(xiàn)在時連

29、用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. sometime 副詞，某時。 表示不確切或不具體的時間，常用于過去時或?qū)頃r，對它用疑問詞when.如：I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名詞詞組， 幾次，幾倍。其中time 是可數(shù)名詞，對它提問用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read

30、the story?some time 名詞短語， 一段時間. 表示“一段時間”時，句中謂語動詞常為延續(xù)性動詞，提問時用 How long. 如： I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?10.how often 多久一次，用來提問動作發(fā)生的頻率?；卮鹩茫簅nce，twice, three times 等詞語。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多長，用來詢問多長時間，也可詢問某物有多長。How long does it take to

31、get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how far 多遠(yuǎn)， 用來詢問距離，指路程的遠(yuǎn)近。How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.how soon, 多快, 用來詢問多快 How soon will you finish your work? In two days.語法：頻度副詞1） 定義：表示頻率副詞叫做頻度副詞。2） 常見頻度副詞always總是，一直，始終100%usually通常80%often常常，經(jīng)常60%sometimes有時，不時40%h

32、ardly ever幾乎不，很少5%never從不0%3） 用法：頻度副詞在句中位于系動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，實(shí)義動詞之前。對頻度副詞提問用how often.How often do you exercise? Three times a week.4）次數(shù)表達(dá)方法：除once, twice(two times),其他都用: 基數(shù)詞+times, 如： three times, ten times Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister重點(diǎn)短語：（1）more outgoing更外向 (15）want to do sth.想要做某事 （2）the singi

33、ng competition唱歌比賽 (16）be similar to與相像的/類似的 （3）the same as和相同；與一致 （17）be different from與不同（4）care about關(guān)心；介意 （18）be like a mirror像一面鏡子 （5）the most important最重要的 （19）as long as只要；既然 （6）bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出 （20）get better grades取得更好的成績（7）reach for伸手取 （21）in fact事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上 （8）make friends交朋友 （22）the other其他

34、的（9）touch ones heart感動某人 （23）be talented in music有音樂天賦（10）be good at擅長 （24）be good with與相處得好（11）have fun doing sth.享受做某事的樂趣 （25）a good listener 一個好聽眾 （12）make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 （26）should do sth. 應(yīng)該做某事（26）make sb./sth.+ adj. 使某人某物處于某種狀態(tài) （27）as +adj./adv.的原級+as 與一樣 （28）Its（not）necessary for sb. to do

35、 sth. 對某人來說，做某事是（不）必須的。（29）be talented in 在某方面有天賦語法知識：（1）Is Tom smarter than Sam? No, he isnt. Sam is smarter than Tom.（2）Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isnt. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.（3）Are you as friendly as your sister? No, Im not. Im friendlier.（4）Does Tara work as hard as Tina?

36、 Yes, she does.（5）Whos more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.詞語辨析：（1）laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她說了個笑話，我們都大聲笑起來。 He laughs best who laughs last. 誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。/不要高興得太早。laugh at 嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 別嘲笑他。名詞：笑；笑聲 We had a good laugh at his j

37、oke. 我們被他的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。（2）though conj. 雖然；縱然；即使；盡管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 雖然當(dāng)時正下著雨，他還是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 雖然他很窮卻很快樂。注意：在though引導(dǎo)的從句后不使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（誤）though adv. 不過，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗號隔開。Jim said that he would come, he didnt, though. (

38、3) for example, like, such as 比如，例如 for example, 后有逗號 like與such as 后接名詞,代詞,動詞ing語法：一、形容詞副詞比較級最高級大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級：1）原級（不作比較），修飾詞very, so, too, pretty, really；2）比較級，表示“較”或“更”的意思（兩者之間進(jìn)行比較）, 標(biāo)志詞than, A or B, of the two, 修飾詞much, a lot, little；3）最高級，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比較），形容詞最高級前面一般要加定冠詞the，后面可帶in（of）短語來什么比較

39、的范圍。形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成1） 規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般詞尾加-er或-esthightallshortslowhighertallershorterslowerhighesttallestshortestslowest以字母e結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加-r或-estfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個輔音字母時，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er或-estbigthinhotfatbiggerthinnerhotterfatterbiggestthinnesthottestfattest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的

40、雙音節(jié)詞，先把y改為i,再加-er或-esteasyfunnyearlyeasierfunnierearliereasiestfunniestearliest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostbeautifulimportantinterestingcomfortablemore beautifulmore importantmore interestingmore most beautifulmost importantmost interestingmost comfortable2） .不規(guī)則變化: 兩好多壞一小一遠(yuǎn)原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestba

41、d/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfatherfarthestfurtherfurthest比較級含義：表示兩者（人或事）的比較。比較級結(jié)構(gòu)：含有形容詞或副詞比較級的主句+than 引導(dǎo)的從句。（當(dāng)than前后所使用的動詞相同時，通常用助動詞代替后面的動詞。該動詞或助動詞可以省略。）常見句型1） 含實(shí)義動詞的比較級句型肯定句：主語+實(shí)義動詞+副詞比較級+than+比較對象。 He runs faster than me.否定句：主語+dont/doesnt+實(shí)義動詞+副詞比較級+than+比較對象. He doesnt ru

42、n faster than me.一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語+實(shí)義動詞+副詞比較級+than+比較對象? Does he run faster than you?2) 含be動詞的比較級句型肯定句：主語+be+形容詞比較級+than+比較對象。 Im more outgoing than my sister.否定句：主語+be not+形容詞比較級+than+比較對象。 Im not more outgoing than my sister.一般疑問句：Be+主語+形容詞比較級+than+比較對象？Are you more outgoing than you sister?3) as+形

43、容詞或副詞原級+as 或 not as/ so + 形容詞或副詞原級+as, 表示“與一樣”或“不如” He is as smart as me. He thinks as quickly as his brother. Is your sister as popular as you? Tom isnt as/so tall as Jim. He doesnt run as/so fast as me. 4) 比較級+and+比較級，more and more + 部分雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞, 意為：越來越, 表示事物本身程度的逐漸增長。 My father is heavier and heav

44、ier. The girl is more and more beautiful.5) the+比較級， the+比較級，意為：越, 越.，表示一方的程度隨另一方的變化而平行變化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.6)Which/Who +be+ 比較級， A or B ? 表示A 和B，哪一個/誰更？Which is better, the blue hat or the red one?Who is more hard-working, Lucy or Lily?7) A+ be+ the + 比較級+of + the two() 表示A是兩

45、者之中較的一個。 The apple is the bigger of the two.特別注意：比較級前可用a lot, a little, a bit, much, even 和still等詞修飾可說明程度。Im a little smarter than you. He feels even worse than before.She is much more outgoing than me.二、反意疑問句1.概念：表示對所提問的看法沒有把握，需要對方證實(shí)。即附加疑問句。2.結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句+簡短疑問句。3.肯定回答用Yes, 否定回答用No4. 速記口訣：前肯或否，前否后肯，前be后be

46、，前情態(tài)后情態(tài)，前無be或情態(tài)后加助，時態(tài)要一致。 5.注意：當(dāng)陳述句主語是this, that，these, those時，附加疑問句主語用it或they. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，附加疑問句的主語用there.He is fat, isnt he? You can dance, cant you? He went to work, didnt he?They dont work hard, do they? There are lots of books, arent there? This is Tara, isnt it?-Thats Tina, isnt it? -Yes, it

47、is. 或 -No, it isnt.Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?重點(diǎn)短語：（1）movie theater電影院 （2）be close to離近 (反：be far from) （3）clothes store服裝店 （4）in town在鎮(zhèn)上（5）so far（by now）到目前為止 （6）10 minutes by bus坐公車10分鐘的路程（7）talent show才藝表演 （8）have.in common 有相同特征（9）around the world世界各地；全世界 （10）more and more越來越（11）and so

48、on等等 （12）all kinds of各種各樣的 （13）be up to是的職責(zé)；由決定 （14）not everybody并不是每個人 （15）make up編造（故事、謊言等） （16）in fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上（17）play a role in doing sth. 發(fā)揮做某事的作用 （18）no problem 沒什么，別客氣（19）for example例如 （20）takeseriously認(rèn)真對待 （21）give sb. sth.= give sth. to sb.給某人某物 （22）come true（夢想、希望）實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到（23）Thanks for doing

49、 sth.因做某事而感謝。 （24）look for 尋找（25）much+ adj./adv.的比較級 得多 （26）watch sb. do sth.觀看某人做某事（27）make sbs dreams come true 使某人的夢想成真（28）one of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 之一 （29）Can I ask you some?我能問你一些嗎？（30）How do you like? （31）What do you think of?你認(rèn)為怎么樣?（32）how much.?多少錢？（33）How far?多遠(yuǎn)？（34）How many?多少？（35）How long.?多長？習(xí)慣用法1. be up to是的職責(zé)；由決定，主語常是it, this, that. Its up to you.2. no problems 用來回答答謝時，譯為：不用謝，不客氣 用來回答道謝時：沒關(guān)系，沒什么 用來愉快的答應(yīng)別人的請求時：沒問題，小事一樁重點(diǎn)句型：Whats the best movie theater to go to? Town Cinema. Its closest to home. And you can buy t