（精心整理）模塊一重點單詞與短語及句型

1、 模塊一重點單詞、短語及句型【第一部分 復(fù)習回顧】 短語 句子1. turn up 2. a waste of time 3. try to do sth 4. force sb to do sth 5. spend time (in) doing sth 6. be supposed to do sth 7. in charge 8. shout at 9. pay attention to 10. give sb a chance to do sth 11. instead of 12. be hard on sb 13. now that 14. be rude to sb 15. fe

2、el like doing sth16. be different from sth 17. in the form of 18. a little bit 19. think of 20. searchfor 21. deserve to do sth 22. be proud of 23. stay up 24. mix upwith 25. ask for sth 26. stop doing sth 27. mean to do sth 28. keep in mind 29. tidy up 30. be angry with 31. clean up 32. a bit of 33

3、. at all 34. invite sb to do sth 35be busy with sth 36. used to do sth 37. be used to do sth 38. be .used to doing sth 39. refuse to do sth 40. as though 41. insist on 42. prevent sb from doing sth 43. forbid sb from doing sth 44. argue about sth with sb 45. allow sb to do sth 46. do with 47. go out

4、 48. notany more 49. after all 50. at present 1. What is your dream school like?2. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.3. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.4. It was d

5、ifficult to remember all the faces and names.5. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school,6. I was glad that all my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made.7. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food.8. I was very lucky to experience th

6、is different way of life9. I would very much like to be your pen friend.10. Would you please be my guide if I travel to your city?11. I cant go home until my mum gets home from work.12. Our club is much more than just music.【第二部分 知識要點】定語從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。如：Do you know the man who spoke at th

7、e meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作從句中的一個成分。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：that, who, whom, whose, which;關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why.關(guān)系代詞的用法：1 作主語用who, which和that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has jus

8、t left is for Shenzhen.2 作賓語用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文體中，用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通?？梢允÷裕谡轿捏w中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略，但在正式文體中一般不省略。3 作定語用whose, 如：(a) He is t

9、he man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語（如上a句），又能作賓語（如上b句）。whose 的先行詞常用來指人，但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念，這時可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wal

10、l of which)Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name)4 作表語只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但時常省略。如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.關(guān)系副詞的用法：1when 指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I

11、 still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?注：when時?？梢允÷?，特別是在某些句型和某些時間狀語中。如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2where指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞通常有：place, spot, street, house, roo

12、m, city, town, country等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有時也可以省略。如：This is the place (where) we met yesterday.3 why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why時常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it.使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意

13、下列幾點：1 這三個關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)：when = on (in, at, during) + which;where = in (at, on) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.2 當先行詞是表時間的tim

14、e, day等和表地點的place, house等時，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語時，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時，才能用when或where，試比較：Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in

15、a factory which/that makes radio parts.3 when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。如：This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?2非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因

16、而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開。如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當于一個并列句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達。

17、如：I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3兩種定語從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語從句具有涉他性，而非

18、限制性定語從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時應(yīng)特別注意。試比較：All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一個）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old.

19、（不止一個）4有時，非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是某一個詞，而是整個主句或是主句中的一個部分，這時一般采用which或as來引導(dǎo)。如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.（1）as引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識性的東西，因此常譯成“就象 那樣

20、”。（3）如果定語從句的內(nèi)容對主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用，則用which，而不用as，如：She stole her friends money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.5在正式文體中，以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，如：The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略in which或 that :The way (in which) he spoke to

21、us was suspicious.I dont like the way (that) you laugh at her.在限制性定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者?？梢曰Q；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：(1) 當先行詞是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等詞時。如：All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that

22、was different from ours.(2) 當先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。如：The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4) 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被

23、形容詞最高級所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級同時修飾時，如：Is that the best that you can do?Thats the most expensive hotel that weve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5) 當先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時。如：This is the very book that I want to find.(6) 當先行詞為指人和指物的兩個并列名詞詞組

24、時。如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7) 當主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。如：Which is the car that killed the boy?在限制性定語從句中，當先行詞指人時，關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that，二者?？苫Q。但在下列情況中，用w

25、ho(m)，而不用that：(1) 當先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone,everybody等詞時。如：Is there anyone who can answer this question?He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文體中可以說：Youre the one that knows where to go.)(2) 當先行詞是he, they, those, peo

26、ple, person等詞時。如：He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet.Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習語中，可用he that。如：He that promises too much means nothing.(3) 當先行詞有較長的后置定語修飾時。如：Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4) 在分隔

27、式定語從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當用who(m)。如：A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.Theres only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5) 兩個定語從句同時修飾一個指人的先行詞，第二個定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo)，如：She is the only girl I know who can play the guit

28、ar.在限制性定語從句中，當先行詞指人時，在下列情況中，一般用關(guān)系詞that:(1) 當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2) 當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞所修飾時。如：He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3) 當先行詞被the only, the very, the last等詞所修飾時。如：She is th

29、e only person that understands me.當先行詞被the same所修飾時，關(guān)系詞既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具體事物時，有時兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說來，表示同一種類多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 這就是我昨天用過的那臺儀器。This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 這臺儀器跟我昨天用過的那臺一樣。在抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是沒有絕對區(qū)別的，所以兩個詞可換用：I have the same

30、 opinion as / that you have.這里要注意的是：（1） 使用as時，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的動詞可以省略，但使用that時，定語從句中的動詞不可省略。如：Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2) 在“the samethat”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that只是用來加強語氣，強調(diào)“相同”。that可以省去而不改變句子原意，甚至連名詞前的same也可以省去。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= T

31、his is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the sameas”結(jié)構(gòu)中，same和as都不能省略。(3) 當“the samethat”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that作為關(guān)系副詞用時，不可以直接與as互換。如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we

32、last met?= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at?7. 當先行詞前有such, so, as時，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)當用as。如：A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesnt understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many pa

33、ssengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Lets discuss such things as we can talk of freely.“介詞+關(guān)系詞”的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞?？梢蕴崆埃樵~提前時，關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或 whom。如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorro

34、w I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.介詞的選擇與主句中先行詞的搭配密切相關(guān)。如：That”s th

35、e reason for which he was late for school.      This is the book on which I spent 8 Yuan.介詞選擇規(guī)則： 1. 取決于從句中的謂語動詞同介詞的搭配。（V+ pre.）如：He is the man whom I talked with this morning.2.  取決于先行詞同介詞的常規(guī)搭四組?？嫉拇钆洌?）extent degree （程度）同 to 搭配 2）price(具體多少錢時與at; 若指價格方面與in 搭配) spee

36、d rate 同at搭配3）field area aspect sphere （領(lǐng)域，方面）同 in 搭配4) basis ground foundation （基礎(chǔ)）同on 搭配例句：The field in which I studied in university is psychology. 【第三部分：考點及題型解析】【高考鏈接】1.I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was ,she had run back in the direction_she had c

37、ome .（2006年重慶卷）A of which B.by which C.in which D.from which 解析：此題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，同時考察come from“來自”,而from提到which前。因此選D。2.The place _the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross river traffic is the heaviest.(2005江蘇)A,which:where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which ;in which解析：此句考

38、查的是從句用法。第一個從句是定語從句，先行詞為the place ，從句中缺狀語，故排除A，D；第二個從句是表語從句，從句中缺狀語，故排除B，此處at which= where。選C。1. - Why does she always ask you for help?- There is no one else _, is there ? （2005北京）A who to turn to B she can turn to C for whom to turn D for her to turn 2. The shopkeeper didnt want to sell for _he thou

39、ght was not enough. (2005山東)A where B how C what D which3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is_ I disagree. (2004全國)A why B where C what D how4. He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose the control over his car. (2007北京東城)A why B

40、 where C how D which5. - I phoned your home at around 9 yesterday evening. Why didnt you answer it?- Impossible. Oh, now I remember; it was _ I was taking a bath. (2007西安二次質(zhì)檢)A when B which C where D what 6. The biggest reason I like the rule is _it sets a good example to young athletes. (2007鄭州二次)A

41、 how B why C that D when 7. In experiments _ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of 9 hours. (2007鄭州二次)A that B what C which D where8 . “ Id like to give my thanks to those_ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,”said the woman on T

42、V. (2007重慶一次)A who B that C with whose D with their9 It is the fact_he doesnt know his own birthday_surprises us all.A which; which B which; that C that;that D that;which10. Nobody believed his reason for being late_his car broke down on the way.A that B why C which D because 【第四部分：基礎(chǔ)練習】1.The pretty

43、 lady_you told me the other day turned out to be a thief.A.who B.whom C.about whom D.with whom2.Is this the factory _your father used to work many years ago?A.the place B.which C.in which D.the one in which 3. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a big apple tree？ A.in front of it B.in f

44、ront of whose C.in front of where D.in front of which4.The person _my father spoke just now is my English teacher.A.who B.to whom C.to who D.whom 5.The reason_she didnt come to Toms birthday is that her mother wont let her.A .that B.which C.for which D.for what6.China is a beautiful country,_we are

45、greatly proud.A.which B.in which C.of which D.where7.I will never forget the day _I join the army .A.on which B in which C.which D at which 8.The suggestion that the mayor _the prize was accepted by everyone. A.would present B.present C.presents D.ought to present9.Do you need any help ,Lucy ? Yes .

46、The job is _I could do myself. A.less than B.more than C.no more than D.not more than10.Last week ,only two people came to look at the house ,_wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom11.It is said that there is more land than the government knows_ A.What to do

47、with it B.how to deal with C.what to do with D.how to be dealt with12.The supermarkets appealed to many customers,_are young mothers. A.mainly of whom B.mainly of them C.main of whom D.main of them13.The doctor _explained what the treatment would be like. A.in the charge B.in charge C.take charge D.

48、took charge 14.There are two buildings，_stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B.the larger of them C. the larger one that D.the larger of which15.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses .A.to which B. to whom C. wit

49、h whom D. with which 【第五部分：課后練習】1.Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom4.The book _ he bought ye

50、sterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea. A. which B. who C. wha

51、t D. how7.I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 10.-What kind of music do you like? -I like music _ has great lyrics. A. that B. what C. who D. whose11.That is the only thin