【精品】高中英語（人教大綱）第三冊：Unit4 Green world(備課資料)

1、Reference for Teaching.異域風(fēng)情Plants in DesertOnly special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert,for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75.Furthermore,during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the suns ray.Another pr

2、oblem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds which drive small,sharp particles of sand into the plants,tearing and damaging them.The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life,however,is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.Grasses

3、and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long,hot,dry season in the form of seeds.These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls.If no rain falls,or if insufficient rain falls,they wait until the next year,or even still the next.Another facto

4、r that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short.By the time that the water from the spring rains disappearsjust a few weeks after it fallssuch plants no longer need any.The perennials have special features which enable them to survive as plants for several years.Thu

5、s,nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground.The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in a short time.The small shoot system,on the other hand,considerably limits water loss by evaporation.Another fe

6、ature of many desert perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long,dry season,just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter.This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season.Then,in the next rainy season,the

7、y come fully alive once more,and grow new branches,leaves and flowers,just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.知識歸納1.accumulate用法歸納(1)積累(vt.)The scientist has accumulated a wealth of experience.這位科學(xué)家已經(jīng)積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(2)堆積，越積越多(vi.）If you dont clear away the rubbish regularly,it will just accumulate.如果

8、你不定時(shí)清除垃圾，便會越積越多。A pile of work accumulated on his desk.他桌子上有一大堆文件要他處理。2.involve的用法歸納(v.)(1)牽涉，牽連This event involved our interests in Europe.這牽涉到我們在歐洲的股份。有時(shí)表示“有參加”。More than 4 million workers were involved in strikes in 1946.1946年有400萬工人參加了罷工。（2）包含，引起，使不得不Being a sailor involves long periods away fro

9、m home.當(dāng)海員使他不得不長期離開自己的家。Winning the game involves both skill and perseverance.贏得這場比賽得運(yùn)用技巧和毅力。involve in使?fàn)窟B（涉）進(jìn)去，使陷入，使承擔(dān)，使不得不They are deeply involved in debt.他們負(fù)債累累。The youth was involved in the robbery.搶劫案牽涉到這個(gè)年輕人。involve with和混在一起，和有密切聯(lián)系Do not involve yourself with those people.不要和這些人混在一起。While he

10、was in America,he became involved with a group of people engaged in drug trafficking.他在美國期間，和一群販毒的人混在一起。3.abandon (v.)(1)放棄(=give up)She was obliged to abandon that idea.她被迫放棄了那個(gè)主意。The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund.這位科學(xué)家由于缺乏資金不得不放棄了他的研究工作。(2)遺棄，棄掉（=desert)The sailor abandoned the

11、 burning ship.海員棄掉了這艘燃燒的輪船。I dont think that John would abandon his friends if they were in trouble.我認(rèn)為約翰不會在朋友遇到困難時(shí)拋棄他們。(3)用于abandon oneself to聽任（感情泛濫），陷入，沉溺于He abandoned himself to despair.他陷入絕望中。過去分詞作表語或定語，表示“被遺棄的”或“甘心干壞事的”。The abandoned house was torn down.這所沒人住的房子拆掉了。4.英語中表示“僅僅”的說法(1)only作副詞，意思是

12、“只有，只（是），僅僅”，在句子中的位置較靈活，在書面語中多放在所修飾的詞前。Only John saw the lion yesterday.(=No one else saw it)昨天只有約翰看到了獅子。John only saw the lion yesterday.(=Her didnt shoot it)約翰昨天只是看到了獅子。John saw only the lion yesterday.(=not the tiger)約翰昨天看到的僅僅是獅子。John saw the lion only yesterday.(=not at any time else)約翰昨天看到了獅子。o

13、nly還可作形容詞，意思是“惟一的，最好的，最合適的”。He was the only Englishman present.他是在場的惟一的一個(gè)英國人。She is the only person for the position.她是但任這個(gè)職位的最佳人選。(2)merely adv.僅，只，不過I merely asked his name.我只問了他的名字。I meant it merely as a joke.我本來只不過是想開個(gè)玩笑。merely的形容詞形式是mere “僅僅，單單，只要，只是”。It is a mere 100 metres from my house to th

14、e school.從我家到學(xué)校僅僅百米之遙。(3)barely adv.僅僅，剛剛，勉強(qiáng)The town was barely ten miles.這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)僅十英里遠(yuǎn)。I can barely see it.我勉強(qiáng)能看得見這個(gè)東西。(4)simply adv.只是，僅僅He said nothing,simply turned and walked out of the room.他一聲沒吭，轉(zhuǎn)身走出了房間。I do it simply for the money.我僅僅是為了錢才做這件事的。.詞語辨析1.calculate,count,estimate(1)calculate(動詞) “計(jì)算

15、，核算”。指通過較復(fù)雜的過程，如算術(shù)上用加減乘除來進(jìn)行計(jì)算，或數(shù)學(xué)上的精密計(jì)算，也指用數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算天體的運(yùn)行或日蝕、月蝕等。Have you calculated how much a trip to Beijing would cost?你有沒有計(jì)算去北京旅行一次要多少費(fèi)用？Astronomers can calculate when there will be eclipses of the sun and the moon.天文學(xué)家能算出什么時(shí)候有日蝕、月蝕。(2)count(動詞)“計(jì)算、數(shù)”，是計(jì)算中最基本的動作，指逐個(gè)數(shù)過而得出總數(shù)。He counted the children be

16、fore they started the game.他在孩子們開始游戲前數(shù)了一下他們的人數(shù)。Our institutes of higher education are now counted by thousands.我們的高等學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在數(shù)以千計(jì)。(3)estimate(動詞)“估計(jì)、估價(jià)”，指估計(jì)價(jià)錢、價(jià)值、質(zhì)量、大小、時(shí)間的長短等，不強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)算的絕對正確性或精密性，一般憑個(gè)人的判斷，但所得結(jié)果不如calculate準(zhǔn)確。We estimated that it would take three months to finish the work.我們估計(jì)完成這項(xiàng)工作大約需要三個(gè)月。You

17、estimate my abilities too highly.你把我的能力估計(jì)過高了。2.defeat,conquer,overcome(1)defeat(動詞)“戰(zhàn)勝、擊敗、擊潰、摧毀”，指在一場比賽或戰(zhàn)爭中，擊敗對方，取得勝利。Our school defeated that school at football.在足球比賽中我們學(xué)校勝了那個(gè)學(xué)校。The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle.敵人在一場決定性的戰(zhàn)斗中被擊敗。(2)conquer(動詞)“征服、打敗”，指用戰(zhàn)爭的方式或用強(qiáng)力征服對方，取得決定性的勝利，往往有控制或占有的意味，用于

18、借喻，指克服困難、改掉不好習(xí)慣或克制某種感情，在這個(gè)意義上，可與overcome通用。Our purpose is not only to conquer nature,but also to remake nature.我們的目的不但要征服自然而且要改造自然。You must conquer that bad haibt.（此處也可用overcome）你必須改掉那個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。（3）overcome(動詞)“克服、戰(zhàn)勝、壓倒”，語氣比其他兩個(gè)詞強(qiáng)，指在斗爭或競賽中壓倒對方。They succeeded in overcoming all the difficulties in their pat

19、h.他們終于克服了他們道路上的種種困難。The forces of peace will overcome the forces of war.和平力量會戰(zhàn)勝戰(zhàn)爭力量。3.anxiety,care,concern,worry(1)anxiety(名詞)“懸念、憂慮、切望、焦急”，指對未來的事或不能確定的事存有懸念，主要怕有不幸發(fā)生，但不是消極失望，而有積極希望不幸的事可以避免的心理，也指盼望做某件事或獲得某種東西等。His illness caused us much anxiety.他的病痛使我們很焦急。His anxiety for knowledge is praiseworthy.他對

20、知識的渴望值得欽佩。(2)care（名詞）“憂慮、操心、掛念”，指由于職務(wù)，承擔(dān)義務(wù)，或工作繁重而引起的心緒不安。care作這種解釋時(shí)，是較正式的用詞。He is free from cares.他沒有操心事。Cast all your cares aside.絲毫不必掛慮。(3)concern(名詞）“擔(dān)心、掛念、憂慮”，著重由于對某人、某事的同情、關(guān)心等而引起的懸念。The peoples happiness should be our greatest concern.人民的幸福應(yīng)該是我們最關(guān)心的事。He showed great concern for the health of hi

21、s friend.他很關(guān)心他朋友的健康。(4)worry(名詞)“苦惱、煩悶、憂慮”，著重指于事無補(bǔ)的或目的不明的焦急不安。He was showing signs of worry.他看上去有些焦慮不安。Too much worry had made him look an old man.過分焦慮使他顯得很老了。4.path,avenue,route,lane(1)path“窄路，小路”a path through the woods 穿過森林的小路So he started gaily on his way,and by many narrow paths came to a green

22、,broad glade,at the edge of which flowed a stream.這樣他愉快地上了路，經(jīng)過不少狹窄的小路，走到了一塊寬闊綠色的林間空地，旁邊流著一條小河。(2)avenue(名詞）“道路，大街”，指較長的和寬闊的道路，常指兩邊有較好的建筑或林陰的大街。There are many tall magnificent buildings on both sides of this avenue.在這條大街的兩旁有很多宏偉的建筑物。注意：avenue一詞在英國通常指兩旁有樹的路，在美國常指城市中寬闊的街道，兩旁不一定有樹，但有房屋，在美國有些城市里，avenue與s

23、treet常可相互替用，不同的地方只在于方向，一般南北向者叫avenue,東西向者叫street。(3)route“預(yù)先定好的一定的路線，確切地指出途中的地點(diǎn)”。a bus route公共汽車路線/a postmans/a tourists route郵遞員/游歷者的路線More train and bus routes have been reopened.有更多的電車路線和公共汽車路線重新通車了。We drove home by a roundabout route.我們開車?yán)@道回的家。(4)lane(名詞)“小路”，一般指郊外或田野中的小路，有時(shí)兩旁有樹和籬笆；在城鎮(zhèn)里，多指“胡同”或“

24、弄堂”。He strolled through a pleasant shady country lane.他漫步穿過綠陰宜人的鄉(xiāng)村小路。Many crooked lanes in this city have been widened.這座城市許多彎彎曲曲的胡同已經(jīng)加寬了。.能力訓(xùn)練同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1.這對年輕夫婦努力工作攢錢買汽車。The young couple worked hard to put together enough to buy a car.The young couple worked hard to_ to buy a car.The young couple worked hard to_to buy a car.答案：accumulate enough,save enough2.你能估算出到香港旅游一趟的費(fèi)用嗎？Can you calculate how much a journey to Hong Kong would cost?Can you_ how much a journey to Hong Kong would cost?Can you _how much a journey to Hong Kong would cost?Can you _how much a journey to Hong Kong would cost?答案：fi