英語否定轉(zhuǎn)移翻譯

1、英漢語的否定句及翻譯n英語中的否定形式靈活多樣，是一個(gè)常見而又較復(fù)雜的問題。有的句子在形式上是肯定而實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是否定，有的則形式上是否定而實(shí)質(zhì)上是肯定；有的在英語句中否定主語，可譯成漢語時(shí)就轉(zhuǎn)化成否定謂語，這給學(xué)生的理解和翻譯造成了很大的困難。n英漢語言中的否定都可以分為完全否定，部分否定和雙重否定三種類型。1完全否定(Full Negation)百分之百地否定一個(gè)事物的存在、成立或真實(shí)性。常用的全部否定詞與習(xí)慣用語有：no, not, none, never, neither, nor, nothing，nobody, the last 或者not + anyanyoneanybody等。ne

2、gNeither of the substances dissolves in watern這兩種物質(zhì)都不溶于水。2部分否定(Partial Negation)n英語中all，every(及其派生詞)both，each，以及always，often，entirely，wholly都帶有 “全體”的意義，但當(dāng)和not連用時(shí)表示部分否定，可譯為：不都是，不全是,不是每個(gè),不總是nEvery disease is not cured in the same way 并非每種疾病都用同樣的方法治療。 nAll that glitters is not gold 發(fā)光的并不都是金子nNot both s

3、uggestions are accepted by the committee. 并非兩個(gè)建議都被委員會(huì)所采納三、雙重否定(Double Negation)n否定之否定。實(shí)際上是肯定。但其語氣較強(qiáng)。無論該否定是形式上的還是意義上的，在翻譯時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語氣翻譯成肯定句或雙重否定句nI wouldnt be saying this unless I were sure of the facts 要是我對這些事情沒有把握，我就不說這話了。nOne is never too old to learn活到老，學(xué)到老nShe is not a little interested in computer

4、 gamesn她對計(jì)算機(jī)游戲有濃厚興趣nNo one has nothing to offer to society 人人都可以為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)點(diǎn)什么。nHe cannot speak English without making mistakes 他一說英語就出錯(cuò)。nNowadays it is not seldom that a man lives to be seventy years old 如今人活到70歲常見的。nIt is impossible for heat to be converted into a certain kind of energy without somethin

5、g lost一點(diǎn)不損耗就把熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成某種能量是不可能的。四、延續(xù)否定(Continuative Negation)n在同一句子中，一個(gè)否定詞之后連續(xù)使用否定因素，不管是形式上的還是意義上的，均稱之為延續(xù)否定(或連續(xù)否定、接續(xù)否定)可以譯成漢語的連續(xù)否定句nNo one who returned from the front failed to express admiration for Bethune whenever his name was mentioned and none remained unmoved by his action 從前線回來的人說起白求恩,沒有一個(gè)不佩服，沒有一

6、個(gè)不為他的精神所感動(dòng)nBefore Iiberation he was a cartdriver who could hardIy keep body and soul together，let alone support his family 解放前，他是個(gè)趕大車的，連自己的生活都難以維持，更不用說養(yǎng)家了nAt that time we didnt have computers，to say nothing of e-mail and Internetn那時(shí)，我們連電腦都沒有，更不用說電子郵件和因特網(wǎng)了。五、否定轉(zhuǎn)移(Transferred Negation)n在英語中，把否定詞或否定成分從

7、其原來應(yīng)在的位置轉(zhuǎn)移至句子的謂語動(dòng)詞前，這就是“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。它通常有這樣兩種情況：n主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為think，believe，suppose，imagine，expect，fancy等表示認(rèn)為, 猜想的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后賓語從句中的否定詞not應(yīng)該移至主句中n簡單句中否定方式、時(shí)間、原因等狀語的否定詞應(yīng)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前nI dont suppose anyone who object to the project. 我猜測任何人都不會(huì)反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃nThe object did not move because l pushed on it 這物體不是因?yàn)槲彝屏瞬乓苿?dòng)的nHe didnt go to

8、school by bus(=He goes to school not by bus) 他不是乘公交車去上學(xué)nRome was not built in a day.(=Rome was built not in a day) 羅馬并非一日建成六、暗含否定(Implied Negation)n1肯定形式，否定句意nYou have just missed the target 你沒有射中靶子nPlease refrain from spitting in the public place 公共場所請勿吐痰nRain prevented him from going out 下雨了,他沒出去n

9、其他類似的動(dòng)詞還有：deny, refuse, overlook 等n2否定形式，肯定句意nDrinking too much will do no good to your healthn過量飲酒有損于你的健康。nwhich family doesnt have problemn家家有本難念的經(jīng)。nThey cannot but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology we are away ahead to themn他們不得不承認(rèn)在某些科學(xué)技術(shù)方面，我們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于他們3某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)語表達(dá)否定含義nIf only

10、hed remembered to buy some fruit 他當(dāng)時(shí)要是記得買些水果來該多好。(虛擬語氣表示暗含否定)nBut that you had seen me in the water, I would have drownedn要不是你看見我掉在水里，我早就淹死了。(虛擬語氣表示暗含否定)nBut for your help，they should not have finished the task in time要不是你們的幫助，他們不可能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)(虛擬語氣表示暗含否定)nThat was a thin argumentnThe beauty of the West Lake is beyond descriptionnWe cant be too faith