人教版高中英語必修一語法知識點總結(jié)(完整資料).doc

1、人教版必修一各單元知識點總結(jié)Unit One Friendship一、重點短語1. go through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受get through 通過；完成；接通電話2. set down 記下，放下3. a series of一系歹U4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 為了6. at dusk 傍晚，黃昏時刻7. face to face 面對面8. fall in love 愛上9. join in 參加（某個活動）；take part in 參加（活動）join 加入（組織，團隊，并成為其中一員）10. calm down 冷靜下來11. suffer from

2、遭受12. be/get tired of 對感至 U厭倦13. be concerned about關(guān)心14. get on/along well with 與相處融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅長于 16. find it + adj. to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是 17. no longer / not any longer 不再18. too much 太多（后接不可數(shù)n.）much too 太（后接 adj.）19. not - until 直到 才20. it s no pleasure doing sth 做 并不開心21. make sb. sth

3、.使某人成為 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、語法 直接引語和間接引語概念：直接引語：直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號。間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。問接引語在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語從句且不要加引號例： Mr. Black said, 'I'm busy."Mr. Black said that he was busy.變化規(guī)則（一）陳述句的變化規(guī)則直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞 that （可省略）引導，從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示 代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要發(fā)生相應的變化。人稱的變化一一人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思例：1.

4、He said, 1 like it very much." f He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me, “ V'left my book in your room. ”一 He told me that he had left his book in my room.時態(tài)的變化直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時過去完成時過去完成時例：I' don't want to set down a series of fa

5、cts in a diary: said Anne.fAnne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said, I'm using a knife.”f The boy said that he was using a knife.注意：如果直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變，如：He said, Light travels much faster than souncf'.He said that light travels much faster tha

6、n sound.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化直接引語間接引語thisthatthesethosenowthenagobefore/earliertodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next/following daythe day after tomorrowIn two day's timecomegoheretherethe day before yesterdaytwo days before/earlier（二）祈使句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹?to的不定式，

7、并根據(jù)句子 意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動詞，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面還要加上not。例：The hostess said to us ,Please sit down. f The hostess asked us to sit down.He said, Don't make so much noise, boys. f He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑問句的變化規(guī)則如果直接引語是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序，句末用句號。一般疑問句：如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語

8、時，謂語動詞是 say或said時，要改為ask或asked原問句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether引導的賓語從句。例：Do you think a diary can become your friend? the writer says.f The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2）特殊疑問句：如果間接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，仍用原來的引導詞，但疑問句要變 為陳述句。例：“What do you want?' he asked me. f He asked me what I wantedUnit

9、 two English around the world精品文檔，下載后可編輯1. be different from 與不同be the same asW 一樣2. one another 相互，彼此（=each other）3. official language 官方語言4. at the end of在結(jié)束時5. because of因為（后接名詞或名詞性短語）because因為（后接句子）6. native speakers 說母語的人7. be based on根據(jù)，依據(jù)8. at present目前；當今9. especially 特別，尤其specially 專門地10. m

10、ake use of禾用make the best of充分利J用 11. a large number of大量的，很多（作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)）the number of的數(shù)量（作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事實上13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing as-沒有這樣的事 15. be expected to被期待做某事16. play a part/role in 在起作用17. make lists of列清單18. included 包

11、括（前面接包括的對象）Including 包括（后接包括的對象）19. command sb. to do sth.命令某人去做某事command + that 從句（從句用should+V 原）20. request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事request + that 從句（從句用should+V 原 ）、語法-英語中的命令（command）語氣和請求（request）語氣命令語氣 ：表示直接命令某人做某事，語氣比較重，不怎么禮貌，一般用于上級對下級例： 1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open t

12、he window!請求語氣 ：表示請求某人做某事，語氣比較緩和，非常禮貌例： 1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked.2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal1. travel泛指旅行journey指長時間長距離的陸上旅行voyage指長距離的水上旅行，也可以指乘飛機旅行trip常指短時間短距離的旅行tour指周游，巡回旅游，2. prefer to 更加喜歡，寧愿prefer A to B 比起 B ，更喜歡Aprefer doing to doing 比起做 ，

13、 寧愿做 prefer to do rather than do 與其做 ，不如3. flow through 流過，流經(jīng)4. ever since 自從5. persuade sb. to do sth說服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜歡7. insist on doing 堅持做某事insist + that 從句（用should+ V 原）8. care about 關(guān)心9. change one s mind 改變想法10. altitude 高度attitude 態(tài)度，看法11. make up ones mind to do下定決心做某事= decide to do =

14、make a decision to do12. give in 讓步，屈服give up 放棄13. be surprised to 對感到驚奇to one s surprise 令某人驚訝的是 14. at last = finally = in the end 最終15. stop to do 停下來去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像往常一樣17. sothat如此 以至于So + adj + a/an + n. + thatSuch + a/an +adj. + n. + that精品文檔，下載后可編輯18. be familiar with對熟悉（人

15、作主語） be familiar to為所熟悉（物作主語）二、語法:現(xiàn)在進行時表將來現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，表示最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作，常見的現(xiàn)在進行時表將來的動詞有：come/go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ d*.例： 1. Im coming. 我就來2. what are you doing next Sunday ?你下個星期天做什么？3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我聽說你將沿湄公河旅行4. Where are you staying at night?你

16、們晚上待在哪里 /Unit four Earthquakes1. right away 立刻，馬上（= at once = in no time）2. asleep 睡著的；熟睡地（fall asleep 入睡）sleep 睡；睡眠sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/ as if 看來好像；似乎4. in ruins 成為廢墟5. the number of的數(shù)量（謂語動詞用單數(shù)）a number of 大量（謂語動詞用復數(shù)）6. rescue workers 營救人員Come to one s rescue 營救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多

17、長時間how often 多久，指平率how soon還要多久（用于將來時當中，用in+時間段回答）9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上萬的10. dig out 挖出11. shake 泛指 “動搖，震動”,常指左右、上下動搖，也可以指人“震驚，顫抖”例： 1. She felt the earth shaking under him.2. She was shaken with anger.quake 指較強烈的震動，如地震例 : The building quaked on its foundationTremble 指人由于寒冷、恐懼、不安等引起的身體的抖動或

18、聲音的顫抖例： Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.Shiver 多指寒冷引起的顫抖、哆嗦例： A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise （rose risen）vi, 上升；升起，無被動語態(tài)；give rise to 引起Raise（ raised raised） vt, 舉起；籌集；養(yǎng)育Arise （ arose arisen）vt, 出現(xiàn)（常指問題或現(xiàn)象）13. injure 常指因意外事故造成的損傷，也

19、可以指感情上名譽上的傷害例： He was injured in a car accident.harm 泛指“傷害，損害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指無生命的例： 1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.2. His business was harmed for some reason.hurt 既可以指肉體上的傷害，也可以指精神上的傷害例： 1. She hurt her leg when she fell.3. He felt hurt at your word.wound 一般指槍傷、刀傷等在戰(zhàn)場上受的傷例： The b

20、ullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for = make preparations for 為 做準備15. in one s honor向表示敬意；為紀念Be/ feel honored to do 做感到很榮幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech 發(fā)言opening speech 開幕詞17. give/ provide shelter to 向提供庇護所seek shelter from 躲避18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，發(fā)生happen to do sth.偶然； 碰巧happ

21、en 指偶然發(fā)生take place指事先計劃好的事情發(fā)生二、語法 定語從句精品文檔，下載后可編輯概念 ：在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。成分：先行詞，即被定語從何修飾的名詞或代詞；關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who(賓格為whom,所有格 為whose)；或者關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語從句 之間，起著連接主從句的作用。1. 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主語，也能做賓語例：1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 指物，作主語()2) T

22、he noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 指物，作賓語 ()3) Who is the man that is reading a book over there?(人，作主語)4) The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(旨人，彳賓語)2. 關(guān)系代詞which 的用法關(guān)系代詞which 在定語從句中只能指物，但既可以做賓語也能作主語例：1) They planted some trees which didn t need much water. 作主語()2) The fish (whi

23、ch) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語)3. 關(guān)系代詞who， whom 的用法關(guān)系代詞who,whom 只能指人，在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語例：1) The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.作主語)2) The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語)、4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以

24、做賓語。例：1) This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.據(jù)人，作主語)2) The room whose window faces south is mine. 指物，作主語 ()3) He has written a book whose nameI ve forgotten. (指物，作賓語)5. 關(guān)系副詞when 的用法關(guān)系副詞when 在定語從句中作時間狀語例： 1) Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm

25、.2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?6. 關(guān)系副詞where 在定語從句中的用法關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中做地點狀語例：1) This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn t very clean.7. 關(guān)系副詞why 在定語從句中的用法關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語例 : 1). I didn t get a pay rise, but this wasn t the reason why(= for which) I left.2) . The reason why (=for which) he has