完整word版,英國文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)資料(三年級專業(yè)生期末考試必備)

1、英國文學(xué)史資料British Writers and Works1. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf> 貝奧武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Hom

2、er s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound 頭韻)Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a control

3、led way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?喬叟1340(?)1400(首創(chuàng) 雙韻體”，英國文學(xué)史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰德萊頓(John Dryden)稱其為 “英國詩歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。)The father of English poetry.It is alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (

4、 綜合的，廣泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vividcharacters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.<The Canterbury Tales嗷:特伯雷故事集：first time to use her

5、oic couplet (雙韻體) by middle English<Troilus and Criseyde知羅伊拉斯和克萊希彳惠 < The House of Fame*譽之宮Medieval Ages' popular Literary form:Romance 傳奇故事)Famous three： King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green Knight BeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the r

6、eal mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events

7、of the Renaissance - rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙 刷賓塞 15521599(后人稱

8、之為 待人的詩人 ”。) The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poet' s corner of Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for the poet's poet”? ( B )A. Spenser's idealismB. his struggle for criteriaC. his love of beautyD. hi

9、s exquisite melody <The Faerie Queened后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not Arms and the man"，but something more romantic Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pent

10、ameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. <The Shepherds Calendar牧人日歷The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.< Amoretti>愛情小唱2. Thomas More 托馬斯荻爾 14781535One of the greatest English humanists<Utopia>烏托邦3. FrancisBacon 弗蘭西斯茹本g 15611626(哲學(xué)家、散文家；在論述探究知識的著作中提出了知識就是力量這一 著名論斷；近代唯物主

11、義哲學(xué)的奠基人和近代實驗科學(xué)的先驅(qū)。)Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mars reason.(D<The Advancement of Learning#術(shù)的推進 <Ess

12、ays>!筆(famous quotas: <Of studies>)The theme of Of Studies uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson <Comedy of Humours> vVolpone, or the fox>狐貍5. Christopher Marlowe 柯里斯托弗 叫洛 15641595University Wits", the pioneer

13、 of English drama(完善了無韻體詩。)Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to with his mighty lines " （ D ）A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestinaC. terza rimaD. blank verse<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士的悲居U （根據(jù)德國 民間故事書寫成）®<Tamburlaine>&

14、gt;JM>tW<The Jew of Malta>馬耳他的猶太人6. W川iam Shakespeare 威廉護士比亞 15641616 Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ； RichardII ； Henry VIIIFour Comedies: <As You Like It> 皆大歡喜；Twelfth Night> 第十二夜； <A Midsummer Night ' S DreamU夜之夢；VMerchant Of Venice尼斯商人Four

15、Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆萊特；<Othello> 奧賽羅；<King Lear>李 爾王；<Macbeth>麥克白® Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.I

16、II The 17th Century1. John Milton 約翰？彌爾頓 16081674（詩人、政論家；失明后寫失樂園、復(fù)樂園、力士參孫O） Epics: <Paradise Lost歡樂園<Paradise Regained>!（樂園©Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>J士參孫<Areopagitica>論出版自由<The Defence of the English People功英國人民聲辯 <On His Blindness我的失明This sonnet is written i

17、n iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan 約翰？H揚 16281688（代表作天路歷程，宗教寓言，被譽為 具有永恒意義的百科全書”，是 英國文學(xué)史上里程碑式著作。與但丁的神曲、奧古斯丁的懺悔錄并 列為世界三大宗教題材文學(xué)杰作。）Puritan

18、poetQ青教徒派詩人）Religionary Allegory: <The Pilgrim ' s ProgpessOJ程3. John Donnethe Metaphysical poet醫(yī)學(xué)派詩人）.Metaphysical Poetry國學(xué)詩）：（用語）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,（形式）the form is frequently an argument with the poet ' s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主題：love, re

19、ligious, thought） Artistic features:1. conceits。門magery奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段論Meditations沉思錄 The Flea 虱子 Songs And Sonnets Holy Sonnets Valediction:<Forbidding MourningIV The 18th Century : Enlightenment同時為美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭與法國大革命提供了框架， 并且導(dǎo)致了資本主義和社會主義的興起，與音樂史上的巴洛克時期以及藝術(shù)史上的新古典主義時期是同一時期。A revival of interest in t

20、he old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion（抑制情感）and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason（rationality）, equality&science（the 18h century）小說崛起：In the mid-c

21、entury, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised（realistic novel 現(xiàn)實主義小說）Gothic novel（哥特式小說）：mystery, horror, castles（from middle part to the end of century）1. Alexander Pope 亞歷山大？f 柏 16881744（18世紀(jì)英國最偉大的詩人，其詩多用英雄雙韻體"/ 'heroic couplets'。詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。）As a representative of the

22、 Enlightenment , Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? （ C ）A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift <An Essay on Criticism>#E評論Ar

23、tistic features:1 .Using heroic couplets"<The Rape of the Lock喳發(fā)遇劫記 <Moral Essays！德論<Essay on Man>A 論<The Dunciad>R人記2. Samuel Johnson 塞繆爾?勺翰遜 17091784©Dictionary =<A Dictionary of English Language英語大詞典3. Jonathan Swift 喬納森 殉威夫特 16671745（十八世紀(jì)杰出的政論家和諷刺小說家a master satiri

24、s t） <Gulliver ' s Traves列佛游記 fictional work） Four parts:Lilliput 小人國Brobdingnag 大人國Flying Island 飛島Houyhnhnm 馬島<A Modest Proposal一個小小的建議 <The Battle of Books書戰(zhàn)<A Tale of a Tub沐桶的故事<The Drapper' s Letters個麻布商的書信4. Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾 洲福 16601731（小說家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀(jì)英國現(xiàn)實主義小說的奠 基人。）

25、He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.vRobinson Crusoe>|賓遜漂流記It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a sh

26、rewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. <Moll Flanders> vColo

27、nel Jacque < Captain singleton>5. Henry Fielding 亨利瑞爾丁 17071754（英國小說家，戲劇家，被譽為 英國小說之父”。）He is called “Father of English novel ” . He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose ”（散文體史詩），and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:<The History of Tom Jones, a Foun

28、dling游嬰湯姆 加斯<The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews約瑟夫汝德魯<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大詩人江奈生 緘爾德<Amelia>愛米利亞 plays:<The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年歷史記事<Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英國6. Oliver Goldsmith 奧利弗 帑爾德斯密斯17301774 poems:<The Traveller旅游人<The De

29、serted Village班村 novel:<The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲爾德牧師傳7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德斯林斯利施萊登 17511816 <The Rivals情敵 <The School for Scandal造謠學(xué)校8. W川iam Blake 威廉斯萊克 17571827 <Songs of Innocence雙真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. <Songs of Experience密驗之歌A word of misery,

30、 poverty, disease,war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include: <The Chimney Sweeper<London><The Tyger>Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence <The Marriage of Heaven and Hell隊堂與地獄的蠟姻9. Robert Burns 羅伯特？彭斯 17591796The greatest

31、 Scottish poet in the late 1t8 century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩< John Anderson, My。>勺翰汝德生，我的愛人<A Red, Red Rose“朵紅紅的玫瑰< Auld LongSyne往昔時光 < A Man s a Man for A 'TRat那一套< My Heart' s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上 < Bruce At Bannockburn < The Tree Of L

32、iberty>V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's <Lyrical Ballads> , and endin 1832 with Sir Walter Scott 's death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual s mind.(人 應(yīng)該是獨立自由的個體)In it, emotion over reas

33、on, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).The Lake Poe

34、ts 湖畔詩人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey1. William Wordsworth 威廉評茲華斯 17701850（與柯爾律治、騷塞同被稱為湖畔派”詩人。The Lake Poets < Lyrical Ballads> 抒情歌謠集（with Samuel Taylor Coleridge） <I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud>Theme:1.Nature embodies human bei

35、ngs in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him strength and knowledge fullof peace”2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader

36、 is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils（水 仙）and poet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyThe Solitary Reaper孤獨的割麥女 <The Prelude打曲2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞繆爾傣勒科爾彳t治 17721834 The Lake Poets <The Rime of the Ancien

37、t Mariner古舟子頌Christabel里斯塔貝爾 < Kubla Khan>忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory < Frost at Night>半夜冰霜 < Dejection, an Ode>bt郁頌 < Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集（with William Wordsworth）3. George Gordon Byron 喬治我登彷倫 17881824（拜倫式英雄Byronichero

38、es孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了反抗精神。內(nèi) 心充滿了孤獨與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德 哈羅德是拜倫詩歌中第一 個拜倫式英雄”。）Byronic hero" is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.<Don Juan#堿<Childe Harold ' s Pilgige恰爾德？合羅德爾游記<Cain>該隱When We Two Parted初我們倆分另<She Walks In Beauty&

39、gt;4. Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西？比希？t萊 17921822 Poetic Drama : <Prometheus Unbound單放了 的普羅米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies man's victory over tyranny and oppression<Queen Mab液布女王<Revolt of Islam>伊斯蘭的反叛<The Cenci啾契一家<A Defence of Poetry># 辯<The Necessity of Atheism比 神論的必要性 Lyric

40、s:<Ode to the West Wind>5 風(fēng)頌Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spr

41、ing. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentame

42、ter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:Using rerza rimaU行詩 aba bcb cdc ded efe

43、)<To a Skylark>致云雀5. John Keats 約翰就慈 17951821（美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名詩句。） Four great odes: <Ode on a Grecian Urn>J©古甕頌<Ode to a Nightingale濃鶯頌<Ode to Psyche>b 靈頌<Ode On Melancholy> 憂郁頌2) <To Autumn>秋頌Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is th

44、atchange is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passesby, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and be

45、tter than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzasrepresentsthe evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6. Jane Austen 簡便斯丁 17751817She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only i

46、nches squire. <Sense and Sensibility>!智與感情<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢與偏見（chapter I）Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolvedCollins & Charlotte Lucas see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of ag

47、ing spinsterhoodLydia & Wickham shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh comic characters<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲爾德莊園<Emma>愛瑪<Northanger Abbey>Bf桑覺寺<Persuasion砌導(dǎo)7. WalterScott 沃爾特殉科特 17711832（歷史小說之父

48、 "）Father of history novels<Rob Roy>羅伯？羅伊 <Ivanhoe> 艾凡赫VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.1. Charles Dickens 查爾斯鍬更

49、斯 18121870（批判現(xiàn)實主義小說家）critical realist writer <The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外傳< Oliver 丁0$奧利弗利維斯特（霧都孤兒） <The Old Curiosity Shop>老古玩店 <A Christmas Caroli誕頌歌 < Dombey and SonX貝父子<David Copperfield大衛(wèi)科波菲爾< Bleak HouseS涼山莊<Hard Times®®時世 < A Tale of

50、 Two Cities雙城記（London & Paris） < Great Expectations也大前程< Our Mutual Friend我們共同的朋友是英國19世紀(jì)小說繁榮時期最杰出的代表作家，影響遍及歐美以及世界各國。他那富有社會批判意義的現(xiàn)實主義小說不僅使英國文壇煥然一新，而且對世界文學(xué)的 發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。2. William Makepeace Thackeray 威廉 夜克匹斯 寐克雷 18111863 （D<Vanity Fair> or a Novel without a Hero 名禾場（the name is an excer

51、pt from <The Pilgrim s Progress>by John Bunyan）C卜Book Of Snobs>3. Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂 渤朗特 18161855< Jane Eyre箱筏Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. Ther

52、e she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood SchoolIt is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling

53、 for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.<Shirley>雪莉 < Professor>!M4. Emily Bronte 艾米莉渤朗特 18181854 < Wuthering Heights呼嘯山莊A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.TheEarnshaw Family Mr. Earnshaw,his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine,

54、HeathcliffThe Linton Family Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella < Old Stoic>5. George Eliot 喬治？S略特 18191880<The Mill on the Floss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊< Adam Bede>亞當(dāng)7t匕德< Silas Marner織工馬南< Middlemarch米德爾馬契6. Alfred Tennyson 阿爾弗萊德？T尼生 18091892（維多利亞時代最具代表性的偉大詩人）Poet Laureate （

55、桂冠詩人） < In Memoriam>|'To memorialize his friend < Break, Break, Break>< Idylls of the King>國王敘事詩7. Robert Browning 羅伯特？白朗寧 18121889< My Last Dutchess或已故的公爵夫人 < Home Thoughts From Abroad>Elizabeth Barrett Browing <Sonnet from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行詩8. Robert Louis Stev

56、enson<Treasure Island金車艮島9. Thomas Hardy 托馬斯？合彳弋 18401928(小說多以農(nóng)村生活為背景；自然主義小說家。Wessex novels; novels ofcharacter and environment(1) Novels < Tess Of The D ' Urbervil>s伯家的苔絲Themeexperience is as to intensity, and not as to duration< Jude The Obscure無名的裘德 < Under The Greenwood Tree綠蔭

57、下 < Far From The Madding Crowd>s離塵囂 < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>f斯特橋市長 < The Return of the Native> 還鄉(xiāng) PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列國VII 1900-1950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw1. Oscar Wilde 奧斯卡？E爾德 1856190

58、0(The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art' s Sake) 4 Comedies:<The Importance Of Being Earnest漱真的重要<Lady Windermere ' s F>溫德米爾夫人的扇子<A Woman Of No Importance一個無足輕重的女人<An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫 Novel:<The Picture Of Dorian Gray>多利安洛雷的畫像 Fairy Stories:<The Happy Prince And Other

59、 Tales袂樂王子故事集2. George Bernard Shaw 喬治？f白納 喇 18561950(英國杰出的批判現(xiàn)實主義劇作家)critical realistic dramatist(1) Plays Plays Unpleasant<Mrs Warren ' S Profession倫夫人的職業(yè)<Widowers' Houses>鰥夫的房產(chǎn) Plays Pleasant<Arms And Man>武器與人<The Man Of Destiny>左右命運的人 Plays< Man And Superman隊與超人Pygmalion格瑪禾1J翁< The Apple Cart> 蘋果車< Saint Joan4 女貞德Novelists (Realists)1. Joseph ConcradLord Jim>吉姆爺Heart Of Darkness>IOil的心1 .Why the book's title is Heart of Darkness?The story happened in Congo, the heart of Afri