動詞不定式被動語態(tài)講解

1、Book7unit2動詞不定式被動語態(tài)形一、復(fù)習各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+done(以thebook,publish為例)一般現(xiàn)在/過去時：Thebookis/waspublished.一般/過去將來時：Thebookwill/wouldbepublished.Thebookis/wasgoingtobepublished.現(xiàn)在/過去進行時：Thebookis/wasbeingpublished.現(xiàn)在/過去完成時：Thebookhas/hadbeenpublished.情態(tài)動詞：Thebookcan/could/may/mightbepublished.二、不定式的被動式的基

2、礎(chǔ)知識：語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語念被動語公一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing沒有被動語態(tài)完成進行式tohavebeendoing沒有被動語態(tài)1) 一般式：(not/never)tobedone2)完成式：(not/never)tohavebeendone(表示不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前)三、通常在believe,suppose,say,report等動詞構(gòu)成的句子中可以進行主動語態(tài)到被動語態(tài)以及被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換.如：TheysaythatMikeissickinbed.=ItissaidthatMikeissickin

3、bed.=Mikeissaidtobesickinbed.據(jù)說麥克臥床不起.Peoplebelievethathewaskilled.=Itisbelievedthathewaskilled.=Heisbelievedtohavebeenkilled.大家相信他被殺了.四、當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者而非發(fā)出者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式(tobedone).語法功能：1 .作主語：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2 .作賓語：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3 .構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語：Hewantedth

4、elettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn'tlikeherSolbepraisedlikethat.4 .構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5 .作定語：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers'office6 .作狀語：Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.五、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式tohavebeendone（表示該動作是發(fā)生在主句之前的一個被動動作），在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合

5、謂語等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主語）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.（賓語）Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.（復(fù)合賓語）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.（復(fù)合謂語）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.（定語）六、不定式的主動形式表示被動1. Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式的主動和被動式來

6、修飾主語，區(qū)別不大。（多用主動形式）例如：Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.譯：沒有什么可擔心的。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.注意以下兩點：（1）如果不定式結(jié)構(gòu)加了"forsb.”表示的邏輯主語時Therearestillmanyquestionsforustodiscuss（us與discuss主謂關(guān)系,用主動todiscuss）Therearealotofreasonsforthebooktobepublished.（thebook與publish是動賓關(guān)系,用被動to

7、bepublished）某些動詞（do,see）的不定式特殊用法時，兩種形式所表示的意思不同。比較：Thereisnothingtodonow.（Wehavenothingtodonow.）Thereisnothingtobedonenow.（Wecandonothingnow.）Thereisnothingtosee.（Nothingisworthseeing.）Thereisnothingtobeseen.（Nothingisthereatall.）2. 在主語+be+adj+todo”句型中：常見的adjWhard,amusing,interesting,cheap,difficult，

8、dangerous，easynice，important，.Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith.但若要強調(diào)旬中的受事者，也可用不定式的被動式：Thehandwritingisdifficulttoberead.注意：如果動詞為不及物動詞，則要注意介詞的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.分析：劭）便）譯：這扶手椅坐起來很舒服。這題目很難算出來。ThearmchairiscomfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout3 .當上述第

9、2題中形容詞在句中作賓語補足語，后接不定式：Ifoundhimeasytogetalongwith.Theydon'tthinkthegameinterestingtoplay.Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.4 .在“tootodo;enough箱構(gòu)中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout（tobeworkedout）.Thehouseisbigenoughtolive_in.（不及物動詞要補出相應(yīng)的介詞）但若要強調(diào)句中的受事者，也.被動式：Thisboxistooheavytobelifted.5 .在“w

10、ith+n+todo結(jié)構(gòu)中。（和邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系）例如：Withnothingtodo,helayinbed.Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican'tgotothecinema6 .當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。例如：Ihaveameetingtoattend.。（toattend與I有主謂關(guān)系,即I是邏輯主語）Givehimsomebookstoread.（toread與him有主謂關(guān)系,即him是邏輯主語）如果不屬于上述情況，則表示被動意義時仍需要用被動形式。試比較下面兩句：1. Haveyouanythingtodothisafternoon2. Have

11、youanythingtobetakentothecity（bymeorsomeoneelse）（totake與you沒有主謂關(guān)系，即you不是邏輯主語）練習：填寫括號中動詞的適當形式1. Ihaveameeting（attend）today.2. Hegavemesomebooks（read）.3. rmgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything（take）toyourparents7.一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。常見的這類動詞有l(wèi)et（出租），rent,hire,blame等。例如：Thehouseistorent.Nobodywastoblame

12、fortheaccident.但是，具有對比意義時，仍用被動形式。例如：Theroomistoberented,nottobesold.。Sheistobepraised,nottobeblamed.Exercise1. Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen2. Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,onlythatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobet

13、oldC.tellingD.told3. Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4. LittleTomshouldlovetothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5. Withalotofproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD

14、.beingsettled6. Heandwasmadetorepeatit.A.didnunderstandB.didn'tbeunderstooC.wasn'tunderstandD.wasn'tunderstood7. Thepupilshereallkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoing語法檢測一.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的動詞填入正確形式。1. Itwilltakeseveralweeks

15、foryourcomputerto(repair).2. Iknewhim(catch)bythepolice.3. Avoteisrequired(take)inourcompanyatonce.4. Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved(steal)it.7. Ihope(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.bookissaidto(translate)intoseverallanguages.feelgreatlyhonored(welcome)intotheirsociety.on!Itisane

16、asysentence(translate).Icamein,hepretendedto.(read)Smithwarnedherdaughter(notdrive)afterdrinking.don'tknowwhetheryouhappen(hear),butmmgoingtostudyinthethisSeptember.seems(punish)byhisteacheryesterday.schoolorderedalltheclassroom(clean).grandmotherseemstohavealot(worry)about.amgoingtothepostoffic

17、e.Doyouhaveanyletter(post)areluckyenough(notcatch)intherain.20. I'llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything(take)toyourwifethere21. Haveyouanyclothes(wash),siraskedthemaid.22. IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes(wash)二、翻譯練習1 .據(jù)說這會議已經(jīng)被取消了.2 .這個學生似乎已經(jīng)對政治失去了興趣。3 .殘疾人不喜歡被別人嘲笑。4 .沒有可以可以浪費的時間了。5 .能被邀請進這個英語俱樂部，是一大榮幸.6 .她假裝沒有聽懂我說的話.7 .我希望被中山大學錄取。8 .抱歉，我忘記了你的電話號碼了。8. Visitorsnottotouchtheexhibits.A. willrequestB. requestC. arerequestingD. arerequested10. Insomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC. servesD. served11 .【2010卷Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.A.todiscov