新外研版九年級(jí)上冊(cè)modulewondersoftheworld全解

1、ModuleModule 1 1 WondersWonders ofof thethe worldworld 世界奇觀知 識(shí) 目標(biāo)必記單詞natural adj.大自然的 discussi on n.討論 loud adj.（聲音）響亮的 besideprep.在. 旁邊shi ne v.照耀 silver adj.銀灰色的 remai n v.逗留；留下 wonder n.奇觀；奇跡 though conj.雖然；盡管 grey adj.灰色的 reply v.回答；答復(fù) belowprep. 在.以下n early adv.幾乎；差不多 stream n.小河，小溪?？级陶Z(yǔ)in one s

2、 opini 按某人的意見，在某人看來(lái) millions of 成千上萬(wàn)的on top of 在.上面at the top 在頂端 look forward to 盼望著 more tha n 超過 go through 穿過 fall away 突然向下傾斜 because of 因?yàn)榻?jīng)典句型1.1 ve n ever see n it, so I not sureimgree with you.我從未看過它，因此我不能確定我同意你的意見。2. I looked to the east - the sky was becoming grey. 我望著東方天 空變得灰家家的。3. Am I g

3、oing the right way? 我走的路對(duì)嗎？4. . you ll get there in five minutes.五分鐘后你會(huì)到達(dá)那兒。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法英語(yǔ)六大時(shí)態(tài)模塊大歸納短語(yǔ)歸納1. wo nders of the world 世界奇觀2. Join in 加入3.on the easter n coast of.在.的東海岸4.in one s opini 據(jù)某人看來(lái)5.millions of 無(wú)數(shù)的6. be in terested in.對(duì). 感興趣7. become grey 變成灰色8. get out of 從. 出來(lái)9. go through 穿過，從頭至尾地練習(xí)10

4、. fall away 突然向下傾斜ll.look over 從（某物上面）看過去；仔細(xì)檢查12.look across 眺望13.look down 俯視；向下看14.on top of 在.頂部15.at the bottom of 在.的底部16.o n both sides 在兩邊17.look like 看起來(lái)像18. be famous for 以.聞名19. do an in terview 做采訪20. draw a picture of 畫一幅. 的圖畫21. go down 下去，下沉，沉落22. high up 在高處23. wait for 等候24. more tha

5、 n 超過25. dozens of 許多26.in height 高度；在高度上用法集萃1. agree with sb.同意某人2. agree to do sth.同意做某事3. would like to do sth.想去做某事4.in+ 段時(shí)間在.（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）之后5. have/has bee n to 去過6. have/has gone to 去了7. because of +名詞 因?yàn)?8. without doi ng sth.沒有做某事9. be afraid of doi ng sth./be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事10.o ne of +the

6、+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)最.的. 之一11.look forward to doi ng sth.盼望著做某事UnitUnit 1 1 ItIt s s moremore thanthan 2,0002,000 yearsyears 它有 20002000 多年的歷史了要點(diǎn)全解1. Which two are natural wonders? 哪兩個(gè)是自然奇觀？（教材第2 頁(yè)）（1）natural 形容詞，意為 大自然的”。其名詞形式為 nature,意為 大自然，自然界”。We visited a natural museum.我們參觀了一個(gè)自然博物館。wonder 在此為可數(shù)名詞，意為

7、奇觀；奇跡”。The Great Wall is a great man-made wonder of the world.長(zhǎng)城是世界上一個(gè)偉大的人造奇觀。 拓展（1） wonder 還可作動(dòng)詞，意為 想知道；對(duì) .感到好奇”。I won der what they were doi ng here.我想知道他們正在這里做什么。wonder 的形容詞形式為 wondeful,意為極好的，精彩的I thi nk he is a won derful actor.我認(rèn)為他是個(gè)出色的演員。2. Let s cWonders of the World and join in the discussio

8、n.咱們給世界奇觀節(jié)目打電話, 加入討論吧。（教材第 2 頁(yè)）join in 意為參加”指參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。Why didn t you join in the talk last night 昨晚你為什么沒有參加座談？辨析：join in, join 與 take part injoin in多指參加小規(guī)模的活動(dòng)，如 球賽、游戲、討論”等Would you like to join in the ballgame?你想來(lái)參加球賽 嗎？join指加入黨派、組織或社會(huì)團(tuán) 體，并成為其中的一員His elder brother joined the armyone year ago. 他哥哥是 一年前

9、參軍的。take part in指參加群眾性活動(dòng)、會(huì)議、勞 動(dòng)等Will you take part in the spotrsmeeting next week?你下周要 參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)嗎？join in 加入活動(dòng) join 加入組織 take part in 參加活動(dòng)且發(fā)揮作用3. Hm, I ve never seen it, so I m not sure I agre 嗯，我從 o 未:看過它， 因此我不能確定我同意你的意見。（教材第 2 頁(yè)）sure 形容詞，意為 確信的，有把握的，一定的，無(wú)疑的” “ be sure +that 從句表示 確信.I m sure that I can

10、 pass the exan 我確信我能通過考試。拓展be sure of 意為 對(duì).有把握，肯定 . ”He is sure of his success 他對(duì)成功很有把握。4. That sounds great, though I think Victora Falls in Africa are even more fantastic.它（巨人之路）很神奇，但我認(rèn)為非洲的維多利亞瀑布更壯觀。（教材第 2 頁(yè)）（1） sou nd 用作連系動(dòng)詞，意為 聽起來(lái)”其后跟形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。常見搭配：sou nd like意為聽起來(lái)像”。The music sounds very beauti

11、ful. 這音樂聽起來(lái)很優(yōu)美。That may not sound like fu n to you. 那對(duì)你來(lái)說可能沒那么有趣。拓展sou nd 作名詞時(shí)，意為 聲音”泛指自然界的一切聲音。Sou nd goes more slowly than light.聲音的傳播速度比光慢。I like liste ning to the sound of the wind. 我喜歡聽風(fēng)聲。助記英語(yǔ)中的連系動(dòng)詞一是（be）,二感（feel），三保持（keep）,起來(lái)四個(gè)（sou nd, look, smell, taste ）好像（seem）變了 仨（get, turn, become）.（2013.

12、山東臨沂）-Do you know the song Gangnam Style?-Of course. It - interesting.A.tastes B.smells C.so unds D.feels解析：taste 嘗起來(lái)”；smell 聞起來(lái)”；sou nd 聽起來(lái)”；feel 摸起來(lái)；覺得”。本句中代詞 it 指代上句中提到的江南 style這首歌，歌曲與聽覺相關(guān)，故用連系動(dòng)詞 sou nd,句意： 你知道江南 style這首歌嗎？當(dāng)然知道。它聽起來(lái)很有趣。”答案：C（2） though 連詞，意為 雖然；盡管”，可與 although 相互替換，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Thou

13、gh/Although my gran dpa is old, he looks very strong and healthy. 雖然我爺爺年事已高， 但 他看上去很健壯。注意：but 有但是之意，但不能與 though/although 出現(xiàn)在同一句話中，兩者只能用其一。（2013.杭州）I think he bedn drinking, _ I m not completely sure.A.if B.thoughC.u ntilD.as答案：B5. It produces electricity for millions of people in China.它為中國(guó)數(shù)百萬(wàn)人提供電力。

14、（教材第2 頁(yè)）millions of 意為成千上萬(wàn)的”。There are millio ns of stars in the sky. 天空中有數(shù)百萬(wàn)顆星星。拓展millon 名詞，意為 百萬(wàn)”。當(dāng) hundred, thousand 和 million 等詞與具體的數(shù)字連用 表示確切數(shù)目時(shí)要用單數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)它們指的是不確切的數(shù)目時(shí)，必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且后面接介詞 of，意為 數(shù)以 計(jì)的”。There are about two milli on people in the city. 這個(gè)城市大約有兩百萬(wàn)人。There are thousa nds of people on the str

15、eet.街上有成千上萬(wàn)的人。（2012.山東臨沂） Did you know that the earth is home to _ animals?A.millio nB.millio nsC.millio n ofD.millio ns of答案：D6. Betty and Daming are more interested in man-made wonders.貝蒂和大明對(duì)人造奇觀更感興趣。（教材第 3 頁(yè)）be interested in 為固定短語(yǔ)，意為對(duì).感興趣”。Both my elder brother and I are in terested in football.

16、我和哥哥都對(duì)足球感興趣。 辨析：interested 和interesting（1）interested 感興趣的”，在句中只用作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為人；表示人對(duì)某事或某物感興趣，后 面用介詞 in.He is interested in that movie.他對(duì)那部電影感興趣。（2）interesting 令人感興趣的”，作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，表示某事或某物本身具有令人感興趣的特征。We had a long and interesting talk.我們進(jìn)行了一次很有意思的長(zhǎng)談。UnitUnit 2 2 TheThe GrandGrand CanyonCanyon waswas notnot justj

17、ust big.big. 大峽谷不僅僅是大1.1 looked to the east - the sky was becoming grey.我望著東方一天空變得灰蒙蒙的。（教材第4 頁(yè)）become grey 意為 變成灰色；變成灰白色”。此處 become 為連系動(dòng)詞，意為 變得”，后接形 容詞作表語(yǔ)。His hair has become grey.他的頭發(fā)已變成灰白色了。2. I got out of the car, went through a gate and walked along a dark path. 我朝車內(nèi)出來(lái)，穿過大 門，沿著漆黑的小路往前走。（教材第 4 頁(yè)）

18、go through 意為穿過，通過”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從物體內(nèi)部通過。Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre. 汽車被禁止從市中心穿行。辨析： through 禾口 acrossthrough介詞指從物體內(nèi)部通過He went through theforest the next day.第 一天他穿過了森林。across介詞指從物體表面的一邊 到另一邊We went across theroad.我們穿過了馬 路。3. “ Yes, ” he replied,“ you ll get there in five 是 m 的 ute他回答，五

19、分鐘啟你會(huì)到達(dá)那兒?！保ń滩牡?4 頁(yè)）（1） reply 此處為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為 回答；答復(fù)”。其同義詞為 answer.構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) reply to,意為答復(fù)，回答”。He reply that he would n ot do that.他回答說他不愿做那件事。Did he reply to you? 他給你回復(fù)了嗎？辨析：reply 與 answer1answer 和 reply 都可以作不及物動(dòng)詞， 都有回答的意思，有時(shí)可以通用。但 replay 比 answer正式，一般指經(jīng)過思考的、有針對(duì)性的、較詳細(xì)的答復(fù)。The girl cried, but didn t an 那/個(gè)女 e

20、孩哭了，但沒回答。2answer 和 reply 都可以作及物動(dòng)詞，意為答道，回答說。但是兩者有明顯區(qū)別：answer可以直接跟名詞、代詞和賓語(yǔ)從句；而 reply 只能跟賓語(yǔ)從句或直接引語(yǔ)，不能直接跟人或 物（sb./sth.）作賓語(yǔ)，但作不及物動(dòng)詞用的reply 加介詞 to 后可跟人或物，意為對(duì). 作出回答”。He answered/replied that he didn t know 他回答誼 on 他不認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)人。Can you anwer him?你能答復(fù)他嗎？Please reply to my question. 請(qǐng)回答我的問題。3answer 和 reply 都可作名詞，意

21、為回答，答復(fù)”，一般都可通用。I aked him, but he gave no reply.我問了他，但他沒有回答。（2） in five minutes 意為 五分鐘之后”，in 時(shí)間段表示 多久之后”，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句 子中。對(duì)其提問時(shí)，用how soon（多久之后）。He ll get there in two days 他兩天后會(huì)到達(dá)那里。How soon will he be back?他要多久才回來(lái)？In half an hour.半小時(shí)以后。4.I looked over them, but it was silent and there was no sign of i

22、t. 我朝那片巖石望過去， 但是 片寂靜，還是看不見它。（教材第 4 頁(yè)）look over 意為 從.上面看過去 ”。He stood and looked over the bridge.他站起來(lái)從橋上望過去。拓展look over 還可意為仔細(xì)檢查”。The doctor began to look over Mrs. Brown.醫(yī)生開始檢查布朗夫人。5. Far below me, the ground fell away and down to a river. 在我下面的遠(yuǎn)處，地面（仿佛在隨光線）向下延伸，（逐漸）退落，顯露出谷底的河流。（教材第 4 頁(yè)）（1）below 作介詞

23、，意為 在以下；低于”。反義詞為 above,意為 超過；在之上”。It was five below zero last night. 昨夜溫度是零下五度。There is a bridge below the waterfall. 在瀑布下面有一座橋。fall away 意為突然向下傾斜”。I saw the hill fall away before me dow n to the sea.我看見前面這座小山漸漸向下傾斜，延伸到 海里。6. I looked down to the Colorado River, a silver stream nearly one mile below

24、 me.我俯瞰科羅拉多河，一條在我下方差不多一英里的銀色的溪流。（教材第 4 頁(yè)）look down 意為俯瞰，往下看”。We looked dow n from the mou nta in to the valley below. 我們從山上俯瞰下面的山谷。拓展look down 與 on 或 upon 連用時(shí)，意為 看不起”。You should never look down on poor people.你永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該瞧不起窮人。7. .and on both sides the canyon went far away for more than 200 miles. 在兩邊，大峽谷

25、延伸超過 200 英里。（教材第 4 頁(yè)）both 在此為形容詞，意為兩者，兩者都”，其后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Both girls are from Brita in. 兩個(gè)女孩都來(lái)自英國(guó)。拓展（1）both 作代詞時(shí)，通常位于連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前，其后可跟 of 短語(yǔ)。They are both good swimmers.它們兩個(gè)都是游泳好手。We both like playi ng baketball.我們兩個(gè)都喜歡打籃球。Both of them are good students.它們倆都是好學(xué)生。both.and.意為.和 都”。Both Jim and Tom

26、are my good friends.吉姆和湯姆都是我的好朋友。He can speak both English and French.他既會(huì)說英語(yǔ)，也會(huì)說法語(yǔ)。 辨析：both 與 allboth表示兩者都His pare nts are both teachers.他的父母都是老師。all表示二者或二者以上者 EAre all the stude nts here today?今天所有的學(xué)生都到 了嗎？（2013.江蘇泰州）Have you got anything to do this afternoon, Lucy and Lily?Yes. _ of us are going t

27、o the home for the elderly.A. Each B. Either C. Both D. All解析：each 每個(gè)，各個(gè)”；either 兩者中任何一個(gè)”；both 兩者都”；all 三者或三者以上都” 由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 are 知主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，故排除 A、B 兩項(xiàng)；由問句中的對(duì)象 Lucy 和 Lily 為兩者可 知需用 both。答語(yǔ)句意是 是的，我們兩個(gè)將要去老年公寓 ”。答案：C3. Looking forward to 盼望著（教材第 8 頁(yè)）8. It is famous for.它以. 而聞名。（教材第 5 頁(yè)）be famous for 意為 以.而出名”Chi

28、na is famous for the long history.中國(guó)因歷史悠久而聞名。 辨析：be famous for, be famous as 與 befamous tobe famous for其后一般跟事物，表示因/由于.而聞名”France is famous for its fine foodand wine.法國(guó)以其精美 的事物和葡萄酒而聞名。be famous as其后一般跟表示職業(yè)或身份的詞，表示作為.而出名”Mo Yan is famous as a greatwriter.莫言作為一名偉大的 作家而出名。be famous to其后一般跟人，表示對(duì).是熟悉的，為.

29、所熟知”Yao Ming is famous to most young people.姚明為大多數(shù) 年輕人所熟悉。UnitUnit 3 3 LanguageLanguage inin useuse1. 1(2) _ (be) afraid of going to the top of tall build in gs, so I was a little n ervous as we (3)(wait) for the lift.我_ (是)害怕到高樓頂部，因此當(dāng)我們 _ (等候)電梯的時(shí)候，我有點(diǎn)兒緊張。(教材第 7 頁(yè))afraid 形容詞，意為 擔(dān)心的；害怕的”。Afraid 在句中一

30、般作表語(yǔ)，不用在名詞前面作定語(yǔ)。I m afraid we can t come here o 我擔(dān) i 心我們不能準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)這兒。拓展(1) be afraid to do sth.意為 害怕做某事”。I m afraid to travel by plane 我害怕乘飛機(jī)旅行。be afraid of sb./sth.意為 害怕某人/某事”；be afraid of doing sth.意為 害怕做某事”。Some childrenare afraid of the dark.有些小孩怕黑。Don t be afraid of asking questions.不要害怕提問題。(3) I m

31、afraid 從句，意為 恐怕.。”I m afraidhave to go now.恐怕我得走了。2. The Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai, one of the tallest buildings in the world.上海的金茂大廈，世界上最高的建筑之一.(教材第 7 頁(yè))one of .意為之一”，后面接名詞或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；“one of +the 形容詞的最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”意為 最.的.之一”。Yi Jianlian is one of the most famous basketball players in China.易建聯(lián)是中國(guó)最著名的

32、籃球運(yùn) 動(dòng)員之一。(1)one of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)=a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ of+名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。 one of my photos=a photo of mine 我的一張照片one of the boy s habits = a habit of the 這個(gè)男孩的一個(gè)習(xí)慣(2) one of 短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。One of my classmates goes there by bike.我的一個(gè)同學(xué)騎自行車去那兒。look forward to 意為期待；盼望”，其中 to 為介詞，其后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。I look forward

33、to your good news. 我等待你的好消息。I m looking forward to hearing from you soon.我盼望早日收至 M 爾的來(lái)信。（2013.四川廣安）一 I m looking forward to_ my parents soon. What about you?Me too.A.seei ng B.see C.sawD.see n答案：A4. There are doze ns of ston es, and they are differe nt in height. 那兒有很多巨石，它們高度不一。（教材第 9 頁(yè)）（1） doze ns

34、of 意為 許多的，大量的”。I have bee n there doze ns of times.我去過那兒許多次了。拓展doze n 可數(shù)名詞，意為“（一）打，十二個(gè)”。The eggs in that store sell for 22 dollars a dozen.那家商店的雞蛋賣22 美元一打。in height 意為高度；在高度上”。The basketball player is almost 2 meteres in height.那個(gè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員差不多有2 米高。5. It is a wonder also because of this question:.它之所以成為一

35、種奇觀，也是由于這個(gè)問題:.（教材第 9 頁(yè)）辨析： because of 與 becausebecause of后可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或名詞 短語(yǔ)，不能接句子He lost his job because of his age.由于年 齡問題他失去了工作。because連詞，意為 因?yàn)椤保龑?dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句， 表示直接明確的原因或理由I didn t buy th-ehTrt because it was tooexpensive.我沒買這件 T 恤衫是因?yàn)樗?太貴了。（2013.四川宜賓）Mo Yan s books have been sold oiutmany book stores _

36、his winningof the Nobel Literature Prize.A.because B.since C.as D.because of解析：because 意為 因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；since 意為 自從；既然”；as 意為 當(dāng). 時(shí)候，作為”；because of 意為 由于”，后接名詞（短語(yǔ)）或代詞。答案：D模塊語(yǔ)法-時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法概念，它跟語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣一樣，都是通過變化動(dòng)詞的形式來(lái)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)句子含義的。學(xué)英語(yǔ)必須學(xué)好時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)清楚地說明了這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。在初中階段，我們必須掌握最基本的六種時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 時(shí)，過

37、去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)總結(jié)：時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成（以 play 為例）里生長(zhǎng)。2.一般過去時(shí)的用法：（1）表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者過去經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday ， just now，a moment ago， last week/ year/ night ， in 1985， in those days， whe n I wasat middle school等連用。-般進(jìn)行完 成現(xiàn) 在play / playsam/ is/ are play inghas / have played過 去playedwas / were play inghad played將來(lái)sha

38、ll/ will playis/ am/ are going to play(過去將來(lái)時(shí))should / would play was/ were going to playusually ，sometimes，every day 等連用。例如：My sister usuallygoes to school on foot.We ofte n come to school at six in the morning.我姐姐經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。我們經(jīng)常在早上六點(diǎn)到學(xué)校。（2表示某種習(xí)慣或者能力，也可以表示職業(yè)、特征等。例如： My mother ofte n gets up very early

39、in the morni ng.早上起床很早。我的媽媽經(jīng)常在(3)This kind of car runs very fast.表示客觀事實(shí)、客觀規(guī)律或者客觀真理。例如： This kind of trees n ever grows in the desert.這種小汽車跑得非?？臁＿@種樹從來(lái)不在沙漠(4)Do you know that kno wledge is power? 在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 例如： They ll be so happy when I tell them.你知道知識(shí)就是力量嗎?我告訴他們時(shí)，他們會(huì)很高興的。If you aren t

40、here on time tomorrow, I 如果你明天不準(zhǔn)時(shí)到，我就給你父母親寫信。ll write to your parents.注意:（1）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如： My father ofte n watches TV after dinner at home.我的爸爸經(jīng)常在晚飯后在家看電視。（2） 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)如果是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其否定句和一般疑問句要用助動(dòng)詞 人稱單數(shù)用 does， doesn t 來(lái)構(gòu)成。例如： My little brother doesn t do his homework at school.我的小弟弟不在學(xué)校做家庭作業(yè)。形式,般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三

41、人稱單數(shù)：在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，如果句子的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)do,第三1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常和表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)often , always，例如：They went to college last year.他們是去年上大學(xué)。We had a good time in the park yesterday.我們昨天在公園玩得很高興。(2) 表示過去接連發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作。例如： Weplayed football first ，then went boating and fishing, ，and at last had a pic nic there.我

42、們先踢足球，然后去劃船、釣魚。最后我們?cè)谀抢镆安汀?3) 在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示過去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。She told me that she would not leave un til I came back.她告訴我直到我回來(lái)她才會(huì)離開。(1)表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣做了，也可以用used to +動(dòng)詞原 形來(lái)表示。例如：I used to get up very late.我過去總是起床很晚。(2)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過去時(shí)。 例如： We have made a lot of friends since we ca

43、me here.自從我們來(lái)到這里以來(lái)已經(jīng)交了很多的朋友。(3) 談?wù)撃橙说某錾掌诮?jīng)常用一般過去時(shí)。例如：一 When were you born?你是什么時(shí)候出生的？I was born in 1983. 我出生于 1983 年。shall 一般和第一人稱的代詞連用構(gòu)成shall I 或者 shall we 的一般疑問句，用來(lái)詢問對(duì)方的意圖和愿望，征求別人同意等。例如： Shall we go swimmi ng this after noon?(2) 助動(dòng)詞 shall 引起的一般疑問句征求別人同意時(shí)， 回答不能用或者 No, you shall not ，應(yīng)該用 Yes, please

44、do. 或者 No, pleasedon例如：一 Shall I close the window?我把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？No, please don t.不，別關(guān)。(3) be going to+ 動(dòng)詞原形，常用來(lái)表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然 或很可能發(fā)生的事。例如： They are going to finish the work this evening.完成這項(xiàng)工作。It s going to snow. 要下雪了。3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如,tonight , in a few days +動(dòng)詞原形 2 ) be

45、going toweek/year/month, thisafternoon/evening 等連用。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1) will/shall中 shall常用于第一人稱的疑問句。例如：I ll come and help you tomorrow.He will go to Beiji ng and see his father n ext week.我明天來(lái)幫助你。tomorrow , next, when he comes+動(dòng)詞原形。其他下個(gè)星期去北京看他的爸爸。注意：(1)今天下午我們?nèi)ビ斡竞脝?？Yes, you shallt.他們打算今天晚上We had a good time

46、in the park yesterday.我們昨天在公園玩得很高4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：(1)表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) moment 等連用。now, at present , at this time/例如： The boys are play ing football over there now.邊踢足球。My father is watchi ng TV with my mother now.我的爸爸正在和媽媽一起看電視。(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作，但不一定在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。經(jīng)常與now, these days 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：I am lear nin

47、g French in Beiji ng these days.這些天我正在北京學(xué)法語(yǔ)。(3) 些瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示“即將”，常有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。常用的這類動(dòng)詞有come, leave , go, arrive , die 等。例如：Hurry up! The bus is comi ng.快點(diǎn)！公共汽車馬上就要開了。He is coming back tomorrow.他明天會(huì)回來(lái)。5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：(1) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者結(jié)果，而這種影響或者結(jié)果往往是說話人的興趣所在。 常用的狀語(yǔ)有 already, yet, notyeisho

48、wfar, by this time,ever,never, before 等。例如：The bus has come here.公共汽車已經(jīng)來(lái)了。 Some one has clea ned the win dow.有人已經(jīng)擦了窗戶。(2) 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用， 如 for + 一段時(shí)間； si nee + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間 / 句子； today, this week/ mon th/ summer, lately, recently, thesedays, in the past few days 等。例如：We have lived h

49、ere for two years. 我們?cè)谶@里住了兩年了。注意：(1) buy, borrow , die 等非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(也稱為瞬間動(dòng)詞)的肯定形式一般不能和表 示一段時(shí)間的 for短語(yǔ)及 since 短語(yǔ)(或從句)連用，這時(shí)要用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞代替這些非延續(xù) 性動(dòng)詞。例如：(存 I have bought the bike for two years.(V) I have hathe bike for two years.由于 buy 是瞬間動(dòng)詞，無(wú)法延續(xù)兩年，所以改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞had。瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buyhave stop be over leavebe away come ba

50、ck be backborrow keep die be dead beg in be on fall asleep be asleeparrive be here get up be up join be in/ be a member例如：They borrowed the book two weeks ago.They have kept the book fortwo weeksA month has passed since he left home.He has bee n away from home for a month.(2) 注意以下表示法的含義及用法：have been

51、 (to):曾經(jīng)去過或到過(某地)(表示某人過去的經(jīng)歷)have gone (to)：去(某地)了(現(xiàn)在可能在途中或已經(jīng)到達(dá)某地)have been in一段時(shí)間：已呆在某地一段時(shí)間了這些男孩子們正在那例如：He has bee n to Han gzhou several times. 他至 U 過杭州幾次了。He has gong to Hangzhou, so he can他去杭州)了 s.所以他不可能幫助我們。She has been in London for half a year. 她在倫敦已經(jīng)半年了。（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)

52、在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等，所以不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用； 一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí)， 不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系， 可以和表示 過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have.（表示結(jié)果：已經(jīng)看過了，因此了解了這部電影）When did you see it? I saw it last Sun day.（表示事實(shí)：過去做的一件事的時(shí)間）He has taught this class for two years.（現(xiàn)在仍教著，或者剛剛停止）He taught this class for two years. （過去教過）6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：表示

53、說話的過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定時(shí)間除了有上下文暗示夕卜，經(jīng)常和表示過去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ) then , a momentago, at this time yesterday ，at ten lastnight ， at that time/ moment等連用。例如：一 What were you doing at this time yesterday?昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候你正在做什么？I was cooki ng with my mother.我正和我媽媽一起做飯。語(yǔ)法專練單項(xiàng)選擇。1. The violi n will have to be tuned before it_ .A

54、. is playedB. should playC. playsD. is being played2.1_ with some friends un til I find a flat.A. am livi ngB. liveC. have livedD. will have lived3. All the preparations for the task_ , and we re ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had bee n completed D. have bee n completed4. You_televisi on

55、. Why not do someth ing more active?A. always watchB. are always watch ingC. have always watchedD. have always bee n watch ing5. It seems that she is thinking about someth ing.Yes, she cannot remember what key she_to her computer.A. setB. has set C. had setD. sets6. Why were n t you at the meeti ng?

56、I_ an importa nt visitor from the UK in my office.A. expectedB. have expect ingC. was expect ingD. had expected7. I have no idea what_while I was asleep.A. has happe nedB. was happe nedC. had happe nedD. happe ned8. Have you moved into the new house?Not yet, the rooms_ .9.You don t need to describe

57、her. I_her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet10. I m sorry to keep you waiting.Oh, not at all. I_ here only a few minu tes.A. have bee nB. had bee nC. was D. will be11. Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. You_ someth ing.A. have leftB. are always leavi ng C. are leav ing D. always left

58、12. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you_to me.A. are writi ngB. will writeC. has writte nD. write13. He_ at the meeti ng, but his heart attack preve nted him.A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak14. I_ ping-pong quite well, but I haven t had time to pla

59、y since the New Year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play15. I can guess you were in a hurry. You_your sweater in side out.A. had wornB. woreC. were weari ngD. are weari ng16. The sky is very dark no w. I m afraid it_ .A. rai nsB. is going to rainC. is about rainingD. it would rain17. _ you

60、 ever_to the West Hills?A. Will; goB. Had; bee nC. Have; go neD. Have; bee n18. They_friends since they met in Shan ghai.A. have madeB. have becomeC. have bee nD. have retur ned19. The scie ntist_An tarctica and he will give us a talk whe n he_back.A. has gone to; will comeB. has bee n to; comesC. h