高中英語閱讀之推理判斷題的解題技巧

1、高考閱讀理解專題：推理判斷題的解題技巧推斷題屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時,考生要嚴格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細節(jié)、事實以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識進行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。近年的高考題中常出現(xiàn)以下五種推理判斷題：推斷隱含意義或深層意義1.這類題干中通常含有l(wèi)earn(),infer(),suggest(),imply(),conclude(),indicate()等標(biāo)志性詞語，常見的提問方式有：1) .Wecanknowfromthepassagethat2) .Wecaninferfromthe(fi

2、rst/last)passagethat3) .Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat4) .Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat5) .Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat2.解題技巧針對細節(jié)推斷：在原文中找到相關(guān)的信息源-對具體內(nèi)容分析-推理判斷得出結(jié)論實例1:Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethough

3、tthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled“thedeathwatchbeetle."1. Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.針對主題思想：以主題為核心-分析邏輯關(guān)系-得出結(jié)論實例2：IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomput

4、erathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A. Moretimeshouldbespentoncomput

5、ers.B. ChildrenshouldbeforbiddentowatchTVC.TVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms.D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone.二、推斷作者觀點或態(tài)度1.題干中通常含有attitude,view,opinion,intheauthor'sopinion/mind等標(biāo)志性詞語。提問方式：1) .Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against2) .Theauthormayprobablyagree

6、with/support3) .What'stheauthor'sopinionabout.?4) .Intheauthor'sopinion.?2 .解題技巧注意作者表達感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。如overestimate(U估)，luckily,unexpectedly,pity,certain等。表達作者態(tài)度和觀點的形容詞常有：objective(),subjective(),neutral()；positive()negative()approval(),disapproval(),ironic()indifferent()

7、,critical(),cautious()optimistic(),pessimistic()等。3 .實例3：Whyisn'tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnewAllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄)，anddeath.FranklyImsickofallthebadnews.1. Thisauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform推斷文段作用或作者寫作意圖1 .提問方式：1) .Theaut

8、hor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto2) .Thepassageismeantto3) .Theauthor'spurposeistoshow4) .ThepurposeofthearticleistoL2 .解題在巧不同的文段在全文中可能會起到：引言/介紹(introduction),舉例(example),對比(comparison),反襯(contrast),結(jié)論(conclusion)，評論(comment)，背景(background)論證(demonstration!)等作用。作者的寫作目的通常有娛樂讀者、說服讀者接受某種觀

9、點和告知讀者某些信息三種。解答此類題時主要有兩種方法：1.主旨推斷法：寫作目的是闡述作者為何要表達某個中心主題，因此可根據(jù)主旨推斷作者的寫作目的。2。文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點和用途來推斷作者的寫作目的。如記敘文，特別是個人的有趣經(jīng)歷或幽默故事類的文章，其目的是娛樂讀者；夾敘夾議的文章，其目的是讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；廣告和議論文的目的是說服讀者接受某種產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)或接受某種觀點；科普說明文或新聞報告，其目的是告知讀者某些信息。3. 實例4:“Havoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterand

10、felttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh."Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,hesaid.1. Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto.A. testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwavesB. drawthereaders'attentiontothetopicC. showJamieTaylo

11、r'simportanceD. invitethereaderstoanswerthem四.推斷文章出處和來源1.提問方式1） .Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom.2） .Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?3） .Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext2 ）.解題技巧這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：報紙：前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱。匚生：因其格式特殊，容易辨認。產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間、次數(shù)、藥量等。網(wǎng)站:文中會出現(xiàn)c

12、lick（點擊）,online（在線），web（網(wǎng)絡(luò)），website（網(wǎng)址）等字眼。3 .實例5:Don'twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getfocusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou'vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreebeoks,too!Readhundredsofarti

13、cleswhileyou'rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.1. ThistextmustbetakenfromA.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram五.推斷目標(biāo)讀者推斷目標(biāo)讀者，即要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷此篇文章主要是寫給誰看的。1.提問方式1） .Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor2） .Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?3） .Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor.2 .解題技巧解答此類題要根

14、據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是從作者使用的詞語和口氣來判斷。3 .實例6:ExploityourparkingspaceAnunusedparkingspaceorgaragecanmakemoney.Ifyoulivenearacitycenteroranairport,youcouldmakeanythingupto£200or£300aweek.Putanadvertisement廣告）forfreeonLetparkorAtmyhousepark.Rent（出租）aroomSpareroom?Notonlywillalodger（房客）earnyouanincome,butal

15、so,thankstothegovernment-backed“rentaroom“pr（ygrawon'thavetopayanytaxonthefirst£4,500youmakeperyear.TryadvertisingyourroomonRoomspareorRoommateeasy.MakemoneyduringspecialeventsDon'twantafulltimelodger?Theyrentonashort-termbasis.IfyouliveinthecapitalrentingaroomoutduringtheOlympicsorothe

16、rbigeventscouldbringinmoney.Grashpaddercanadvertiseyourspace.1. Forwhomisthetextmostprobablywritten?A.Lodgers.B.Advertisers.C.Houseowners.D.Onlinecompanies.即學(xué)即練1 WhenIwasateenage，rmymother'sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butno，wIseeitdifferently.Tome，mymother'sEnglishisperfectlyclear，perfectlyna

17、tural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage，asIhearit，isvivid，direct，andfullofobservationandwisdom.ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthing，sexpressedidea，sandmadesenseoftheworld.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother'sEnglishnow?AItconfusesher.BItembarrassesher.CIthelpsherunderstandtheworld.DIthelpsh

18、ertoleraterudepeople.2 WhenIputonmyflashlights，Iwassayingtootherdrivers，“IhaveaproblemhereI.amweakanddoingthebestIcan.”Andeevuenrdyeornstood.Severaltimes，Isawdriverswhowantedtopass.Theycouldn'tgetaroundmebecauseofthestreamofpassingtraffic.Butinsteadofgettingimpatientandangry，theywaited，knowingth

19、edriverinfrontofthemwasinsomewayweak.Whatdidtheotherdriversdowhentheysawtheflashlights?ATheyspeededuptopass.BTheywaitedwithpatience.CTheytriedtheirbesttohelp.DTheyputontheirflashlightstoo.3 Sometimessituationscallforustoactstrongandbraveevenwhenwedon'tfeelthatway.Butthosearefewandfarbetween.More

20、often，itwouldbebetterifwedon'tpretendwefeelstrongwhenwefeelweakorpretendthatwearebravewhenwearescared.Inthispassage，theauthoradvisesusto.AhandleproblemsbyourselvesBaccepthelpfromothersCadmitourweaknessDshowourbravery4 However，itwasn'tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweentheca

21、tanddogin25%ofthehomes，whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustopposite.Forexamp，lewhenacatturnsitsheadaway，itsignalsaggression，whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen_AtheyarecoldtoeachotherBtheyloo

22、kawayfromeachotherCtheymisunderstoodeachother'ssignalsDtheyareintroducedatanearlyage5 .Thesignificanceoftheresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpetstopeoplewhodalong，includingneighbors，colleaguesatwork，andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong，surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.Whatcanwehumanb

23、eingslearnfromcatsanddogs?AWeshouldlearntoliveinharmony.BWeshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.CWeshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.DWeshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.6 .Coldweathercanbehardonpet，sjustlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter住所）astheyare.Someownerswillle

24、avetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime，thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout，stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenou

25、ghtogoinside，theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime，makesuretheyhaveawarm，solidshelteragainstthewind，thickbedding，andplentyofnonfrozenwater.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?ATosolveaproblem.BTogivepracticaladvice.CTotellaninterestingstory.DTopresentaresearchresult.7 .Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.ThefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclockwatchingschedulewasDr.FredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight.I'veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.Babyfeeding