2011屆高考英語 單元知識點復習4

1、Module 4Music Born in America基礎自主回顧.課標單詞1_(n.)方法；步驟2_(n.)衰退；下降；減少3_(v.)觸動；感動；使動心4_(v.)(由)引起(產生)5_(v.)繁榮；興起；迅速發(fā)展6_(n.)融洽；一致approachdeclinetouchariseboomharmony7_(v.)制定預算，按預算來安排開支8_(n.)計劃表，進度表，日程表9_(v.)離開，辭去10_(n.)抗議11_(n.)技巧；手法_(adj.)技術的budgetschedulequitprotesttechniquetechnical12_(v.)出現(xiàn)_(n.)出現(xiàn)；顯現(xiàn)_(

2、n.)緊急情況；危急形勢13_(v.)為付出時間/努力/金錢等_(n.)獻身；摯愛_(adj.)忠實的；摯愛的14_(n.)移民_(v.)遷移；遷徙_(n.)移居；遷移；遷徙15_(adj.)幽默的_(n.)幽默emergeemergenceemergencydevotedevotiondevotedmigrantmigratemigrationhumoroushumor.常用短語1_厭煩2_由組成3_利用4_出版5_對專一，專注6_有幸be bored withconsist oftake advantage ofcome outbe devoted tobe blessed with7_乞

3、求，請求8_并排；并肩9_而不是10_嘗試11_遠非；完全不12_有序地13_給某人留下印象beg forside by siderather thantry outfar fromin ordermake an impression on sb.重點句型1“_I heard it，”he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”“我一聽，”他說，“就知道這是一種全新的音樂?！贝鸢福篢he moment2Songs that are spoken _ sung are called rap.采用近乎念白方式而不是唱的歌曲被叫做繞舌

4、歌。答案：rather than3_attracting huge audiences in its Hong Kong home, Cantopop has spread offshore, and its stars are known in Beijing, London and New York.粵語流行音樂不僅僅吸引了香港本地的大量聽眾，而且傳到海外的其他國家，香港的歌星在北京、倫敦和紐約都很有名。答案：As well as4“My message is that _ if you're black, white, fat, thin, old and youngwe'

5、;re all the same, it's a great world and you can do something with your life.”“我想告訴大家的是不管你是黑人還是白人，肥胖還是瘦小，年長還是年幼，這些都不重要我們都是一樣的，這是一個美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情?！贝鸢福篿t doesn't matter1. Don't be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed.A. unlessB. sinceC. although D. when答案：D2. _ the day went on, the

6、 weather got worse.A. With B. SinceC. While D. As答案：D3. She hurriedly left the room as if _.A. she angry B. was angryC. it was angry D. angry答案：D4. _，I will help you with your work.A. If I am possible B. If it possibleC. If possible D. Possible答案：C5. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not _？A

7、. ourselves B. oursC. we D. us答案：D考點探究解密考 點 解 讀1decline v&.n.衰退，下降，減少；謝絕，拒絕精講拓展：fall into (a) decline開始衰退be in decline處于下降，衰退中on the decline在衰退(減少)decline by下降了decline to do sth.拒絕干某事誤區(qū)警示：(1)表示“增加”的動詞或動詞短語常見的有：rise，increase，go up表示“減少”的動詞或動詞短語常見的有：fall，drop，decrease，go down，decline(2)表示“增加”或“減少”

8、的幅度常用介詞by；表示“增加到”或“減少到”常用介詞to。朗文在線：The activities of Welsh mines went into decline after about 1880.約從1880年后，威爾士煤礦的開采活動開始減少。In regions such as New England textile industries had declined and unemployment was high.新英格蘭等地區(qū)的紡織工業(yè)已經衰退，失業(yè)率很高。詞語辨析：decline，refuse和rejectdecline作“拒絕”之意時，常指有禮貌地回絕，婉言謝絕，其主語只能是人。

9、refuse語氣比decline重，主語可以是人也可以是物。reject語氣比refuse更重，意為“拋棄，拒收，不采納”。命題方向：decline一詞有可能以詞語辨析的形式出現(xiàn)在高考單項填空或完形填空中。另外該詞與介詞in，into，on等的搭配也應引起重視?；顚W巧練：完成句子(1)The city _ _ _ _ after the mine closed.這個城市在礦井關閉后開始衰退。答案：(1)fell into a decline(2)The number of tourists to the island _ _ 10% last year.去年到這個海島旅游的人數(shù)減少了10%。答

10、案：declined by(3)I offered to give them a lift，but they _.我主動邀請他們搭車，但他們婉言謝絕了。答案：declined(4)(2009·黑龍江哈師大附中模擬)She _ to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.A. declinedB. resignedC. tended D. approved答案與解析：A考查動詞辨析。句意：她以感覺不舒服為借口謝絕和朋友共進午餐。decline謝絕，拒絕；resign辭職；tend易于，往往

11、會；approve贊成，同意。2devote v為付出時間/努力/金錢等精講拓展：devote one's life/time/energy/oneself to.把生命/時間/精力/一生獻給devoted adj.熱愛的；忠誠的be devoted to對專一，專注于devotion n熱愛，專心誤區(qū)警示：devote.to.和be devoted to.句型中，to是介詞，后面須接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不能接動詞原形。Marx devoted all his life to his revolutionary cause.馬克思一生致力于革命事業(yè)。She has devoted he

12、rself to helping the poor.她把自己的全部身心都傾注在幫助窮人上。朗文在線：He has devoted his life to helping blind people.他為幫助盲人而獻出一生。He devoted his life to promoting world peace.他一生致力于促進世界和平。He was at one time so devoted to playing the piano.他曾經那么沉迷于彈鋼琴。Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing problem.我

13、們的大部分會議都用來討論住房問題。命題方向：devote構成的句型devote oneself/one's life/one' time/one's energy to sth./doing sth.的用法，與介詞to的搭配，特別是to后必須接代詞、名詞或動名詞而不接動詞原形的用法，是高考命題的重點?；顚W巧練：介/副詞填空(1)He devoted all his time _ being a teacher.(2)We were deeply impressed by his devotion _ his career.toto(3)Her son, to whom

14、she was so _，went abroad ten years ago.A. loved B. caredC. devoted D. affected答案與解析：Cbe devoted to sb.love sb.，devoted可用作表語和定語，表示“疼愛的，忠實的，喜歡的”，又如a devoted friend忠實的朋友，本句中介詞to已移至引導詞whom前。3arise vi.(1)出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，產生；(2)(由)引起，(因)產生；(3)起床，起立，起身；(4)群起反對，奮起斗爭詞語辨析：arise，rise與raisearise多用于抽象意思，因而其主語多為抽象名詞，(proble

15、m，difficulty，loss等)或無形物(smoke，wind，mist)等。短語arise out of/from因某事物產生，造成，引起。rise vi.主要意思為：上升，起立；起床，升起；起義等，多用于具體意思，后不能跟賓語，也無被動語態(tài)。raise vt.主要意思為：提升，提高；舉起；增加；提出；養(yǎng)育，飼養(yǎng)等。特別提示：arise的過去式，過去分詞分別為arose，arisen。We keep them informed of any changes as they arise.如有任何變化，我們隨時通知他們。injuries arising out of a road acci

16、dent道路交通事故造成的傷害He arose at dawn.他黎明就起床了。The peasants arose against their masters.農民奮起反對奴役他們的人?；顚W巧練：A completely new station will _ when the examination system comes into existence.A. arise B. riseC. raise D. arouse答案與解析：A由句意知“一個新的火車站會出現(xiàn)”，因此選A項。arise“出現(xiàn)”；而B“上升，升起”；raise為及物動詞后要加賓語；arouse vt.“喚醒，喚起”，意思

17、不對。4fancy n想象力，幻想；愛好vt.想象，幻想；想要，喜歡adj.奇特的，異樣的精講拓展：Children usually have a lively fancy.fancy sth.渴望或希望得到某物fancy that想，以為，想象have a fancy for愛好，迷戀catch/take sb.'s fancy合某人的心意，吸引某人take a fancy to sb./sth.喜歡上，愛上某人/某物fancy oneself(as sth.)自命不凡，自負注意：fancy用作動詞，有時用于祈使句，表示驚奇、不相信、震驚等，后接名詞、動名詞作賓語?；顚W巧練：(1)M

18、y grandfather has a _(愛好)for chess.(2)I've suddenly _(喜歡上)detective stories.(3)I used to _(想象)what I would look like wearing a long snowwhite dress and highheeled shoes.(4)_(想不到)meeting you here!fancytaken a fancy tofancyFancy5protest n&v.聲明，抗議，反對Loud protests were heard when the decision wa

19、s announced.精講拓展：protestant n新教徒protester n抗議者，反對者protest about/against/at sth.抗議，反對(某事物)enter/make a protest about/against sth.對某事物提出抗議under protest(經抗議后)心有不甘地protest too much過猶不及活學巧練：(1)The minister resigned in_protest_against the decision.(替換)_(2)They are holding a rally to _抗議)the government'

20、;s defence policy.to protest againstprotest against(3)There was a large crowd in the square，_ against the war.AprotectingBprotestingCpreventing Ddefending答案：B6far from遠非，一點也不；不但不(反而)精講拓展：by far的多(修飾比較級和最高級)as/so far as一直到(程度)so far迄今為止，到目前為止far frombeingdoing sth.朗文在線：I'm far from pleased with y

21、our behaviour.我對你的表現(xiàn)很不滿意。(So)far from taking my advice，he went and did just what I had warned him against.他不但沒聽從我的勸告，反而干了我警告他不要干的事。詞語辨析：far away from，faraway與far fromfar away from只表示距離，away可省去。The school is far(away)from my house.學校離我家很遠。faraway為形容詞，用作定語，意為“遙遠的；恍惚的”。They live at a faraway place.他們住在

22、一個遙遠的地方。She began to have a faraway look in her eyes.她的眼中開始流露出恍惚之情。far from除了表示距離的“遠離”之外，還有“遠遠不，完全不，絕非”之意，后接名詞、動名詞或形容詞。Far from eye，far from heart.眼不見，心不煩。Far from reading his letter，she didn't open it.別說看他的信了，她連信都沒拆開。命題方向：far from接名詞、動名詞或形容詞，表示“遠非，絕不是”。His behaviour is far from satisfactory.他的表

23、現(xiàn)遠遠達不到令人滿意的程度。該用法很可能以詞語辨析的形式出現(xiàn)在高考單項填空或完形填空中?；顚W巧練：完成句子(1)_ _ _ I can see，you've done nothing wrong.(2)Computers，_ _ _ jobs，can creat employment.答案：(1)As far as(2)far from doing7in order按順序；整齊，井然有序；(機械等)狀況良好，沒有故障精講拓展：keep.in order使井然有序put.in order把整理好out of order雜亂的；(機械等)出故障order n順序，整齊；命令；訂單，訂購pl

24、ace/make an order(for sth.)訂購take sb.'s order讓點菜order v命令；訂購order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事order sb. sth.order sth. for sb.為某人訂購in order thatso that為了B11in order to doso as to do為了做誤區(qū)警示：in order短語中，order可用不同的形容詞修飾，表示不同意思。in good order整整齊齊，運轉良好；in bad order亂七八糟，失修。in order to do既用于句首，也用于句末，但so as to

25、do不能用于句首。朗文在線：She arrived early in order to get a good seat.她早早到場，好找個好位置。His objection was ruled out of order.他的反對被裁定為違反規(guī)則。All the procedures must be done in correct order.一切手續(xù)必須按正確順序辦理。命題方向：order作名詞和動詞的各種用法，以及構成的短語和句型?；顚W巧練：句型轉換(1)The car broke down on the highway.The car was _ _ _ on the highway.(2

26、)He stood on a chair so that he could reach the top shelf.He stood on a chair _ _ _ reach the top shelf.(3)He ordered that all men(should)fire the guns.He ordered all men _ fire the guns.答案：(1)out of order(2)in order to(3)to8take advantage of利用精講拓展：have the advantageof(doing)sth.有優(yōu)勢over sb.有超過某人的優(yōu)勢t

27、o sb.'s advantageto the advantage of sb.對某人有利的或有幫助的advantageous adj.有利的，有益的，有幫助的disadvantage n不利條件，不利disadvantageous adj.不利的誤區(qū)警示：advantage可作可數(shù)名詞用，表示“有利條件，有利因素”，反義詞為disadvantage。Just like anything else，the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.正如其他任何事物一樣，因特網(wǎng)既有利也有弊。朗文在線：You should take ad

28、vantage of the fine weather to paint the fence.你應該利用這好天氣給籬笆上油漆。The lawyer's letter said she would hear something to her advantage if she contacted him.律師的信上說，如果她同他聯(lián)絡，她會聽到對她有利的消息。This method has the advantage of saving a lot of fuel.這個方法有節(jié)省很多燃料的優(yōu)點。詞語辨析：advantage，benefit與profit三者均指“好處”。advantage指“

29、有利條件”，“優(yōu)勢”。The present world situation is to our advantage.目前世界局勢對我們有利。(使我們處于有利或占優(yōu)勢的地位，不是特指物質方面的好處。)benefit可兼指物質利益或精神方面的好處。You will derive much benefit from reading good novels.從讀優(yōu)秀小說中你將獲得很大好處。This performance was given for the benefit of disabled soldiers.這場演出是為殘疾軍人舉辦的。profit“利潤”，“用處”，指“利潤”時常用復數(shù)。Ca

30、pitalists are tireless in hunting for superprofits.資本家總是不倦地追求超額利潤。There is no profit in such studies.這種研究毫無用處。命題方向：advantage常以詞語辨析的形式在單項填空和完形填空中考查；與take/have構成的句型也經?？疾椤；顚W巧練：(1)She's got the job because she has the advantages _ others.She knows many languages.(2)The agreement is _ our advantage.o

31、verto9rather than而不是精講拓展：other than除了more than超過，不僅僅would rather do.than do.與其不如no sooner.than.一就prefer to do.rather than do.寧愿做而不愿做詞語辨析：rather than與more thanrather than表示“而不是”之意，其前后部分在語法上應該是對等的成分。It is Tom，rather than you，that is to blame.該受責備的是湯姆，而不是你。more than表示在數(shù)量或意義上超出了某種程度，常譯為“超過，多于；不僅僅，不止是”。H

32、e is more than a father，he's also my good friend.他不止是父親，還是好朋友。China Daily is more than a newspaper，It can also help us to improve our English.中國日報不止是一份報紙，它還能幫助我們提高英語水平。朗文在線：I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.我想要冷飲，不要咖啡。Why didn't you ask for help，rather than trying to do i

33、t on your own?你干嗎非得自己干，而不請人幫忙？命題方向：rather than結構的用法以及與相關句型意義上的區(qū)別?；顚W巧練：漢譯英(1)應該受到責備的是父母而不是孩子。_(2)我寧愿步行去而不愿坐車去。_(3)她喜歡唱歌而不喜歡跳舞。_The parents should be blamed rather than the children.I prefer to go there on foot rather than take a bus.She enjoys singing rather than dancing.10“My message is that it does

34、n't matter if you're black, white, fat, thin, old and youngwe're all the same, it's a great world and you can do something with your life.”“我想告訴大家的是不管你是黑人還是白人，肥胖還是瘦小，年長還是年幼，這些都不重要我們都是一樣的，這是一個美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情?！本v拓展：It doesn't matter (to sb.)從句(對某人來說)沒關系，不要緊It matters a lot/a gre

35、at deal從句非常重要It doesn't matter.(口語)沒關系。no matter who/why/what.無論誰/為什么/什么as a matter of fact實際上，事實上What's the matter？(口語)怎么了？有什么麻煩？朗文在線：I don't care what it lookswhat matters is that it works well.我不在乎它好看不好看要緊的是它要好用。It matters a lot to her what other people think of her.其他人怎么看她對她來說極為重要。I&

36、#39;ve spilled some coffee on the carpet.我灑了些咖啡在地毯上。It doesn't matter.沒關系?；顚W巧練：Oh, sorry, Jane. I took your dictionary by mistake._.A. That's right B. It doesn't matterC. You're welcome D. Never think about it答案與解析：B句意：對不起，簡。我誤拿了你的字典。沒關系。11Do you think listening to music helps you to

37、 study?你認為聽音樂有助于你的學習嗎？listening to music是動名詞作主語。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。Missing the bus means waiting for one more hour.錯過這班車意味著還要等一小時。精講拓展：動名詞作主語也可以用it作形式主語，常用于下列結構中(1)It isno use/no gooduseless/senselessfun/enjoyable/tiringnice/expensive/dangerous/a bore/a wasteof time/a good pleasurev.ingIt is n

38、o use talking like this.像這樣談話沒有用。It is no good wasting time.浪費時間是沒有好處的。(2)There is no saying/telling.It is impossible to do.There is no saying what may happen.說不準將會發(fā)生什么事。誤區(qū)警示：動名詞的復合結構一般由形容詞性的物主代詞或名詞所有格動名詞構成，在句中可作主語、賓語和表語。如果不在句首，這種結構在口語中可用：代詞賓格(或名詞普通格)動名詞。活學巧練：(1)What worried me most was _ to go abro

39、ad alone.A. my not allowingB. having no allowedC. my being not allowedD. my not being allowed答案與解析：D句意：最讓我擔心的是我不會被允許單獨出國。動名詞作表語，根據(jù)句意，應用其復合結構one's doing并用其被動式，而且是否定式的被動式即one's not being done。(2)It's no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. helpC. time D. way答

40、案與解析：A此題考查固定句式，It's no use doing sth.干是沒用的。12時間狀語從句在句子中起時間狀語作用的句子稱為時間狀語從句，可放在句首、句中和句尾。(1)表示“一就”引導詞的用法英語中表達“一就”的時間狀語有多種形式，常見的有如下幾種：as soon asAs soon as he heard the news，he jumped with joy.他一聽到這消息，就高興得跳了起來。immediatelyI'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading your file.我一看完

41、你的檔案就給你答復。directlyDirectly you feel any pains，you must go to the doctor.你一感覺不適就得看醫(yī)生。instantlyPlease give me a phone call instantly you arrive.你一到就給我打電話。no sooner.than.No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.我?guī)缀跷磥淼眉爸v話，他就掛斷了電話。hardly.when.Hardly ha

42、d I told him my name when he stopped listening.I had hardly told him my name when he stopped listening.我?guī)缀鯖]來得及告訴他我的名字，他就不聽了。(2)名詞短語引導狀語從句表示時間的名詞短語有時也可以引導時間狀語從句。常用的這類名詞短語有：the time，the moment，the minute，the day，the year，the first time，the second time，by the time，each time，every time，next time，any tim

43、e。這些短語含有“每次、每天、每時”之意，引導狀語從句時，習慣上不在這些名詞后加when。The day he returned home，his father was already dead.他到家的那天，他父親已經去世了。Every time I see him，he is working hard.我每次見到他，他都在拼命地工作。He was much better the last time I saw him.上次我見到他時，他好多了。By the time he was taken to the hospital，he was nearly dead.他被送往醫(yī)院時，就幾乎要死了

44、。(3)when，while，as和whenever的用法when，while，as都可用來引導時間狀語從句，意為“在時候”。但在具體用法上又不盡相同。when用得最廣，?？纱鎤hile與as。when所引導的從句，動詞既可是延續(xù)性的，也可是終止性的。as在這一點上與when相同，while所引導的從句中，動詞只能是延續(xù)性的。When the fire broke out，all the students were sleeping soundly.當火災發(fā)生時，所有的學生正在熟睡。The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.我在洗澡時電話響了。

45、while引導時間狀語從句時主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生且從句中謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。While I played the harp，my sister did her homework.我在彈豎琴，姐姐在做功課。表述兩個發(fā)展變化中的情況時常用as。As he talked on，he got more and more excited.他越談就越激動。As you grow older，you'll know better and better about yourself.隨著你年齡增長，你會越來越了解自己。表示“一邊一邊”時，常用as。As he was reading，he wa

46、s shaking his head，which surely slowed down his reading speed.他邊讀書邊搖著頭，這當然降低了他的閱讀速度。They talked as they walked along the river.他們沿著河邊走邊談。表示隨著短暫動作的發(fā)生，另一行為伴隨發(fā)生時，常用as。My cap was blown away as I sat down.我往下坐時帽子被吹走了。whenever表示“無論何時”，語氣要比when強得多。Whenever we see him we speak to him.我們每次見到他都和他說話。(4)till和un

47、til主句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞時，主句和從句都用肯定句式，意為“一直到”，表示主句動作一直延續(xù)到until/till從句表示的時間才終止；主句謂語動詞為短暫性動詞時，主句用否定式，從句用肯定式，意思是“直到才”，表示主句動作到until/till從句表示的時間才開始。He studied until/till it was 900.他一直學到九點。He didn't study until/till it was 900.他到九點才學習。Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。until和till意義相同，通常

48、可換用，但在強調結構、倒裝句或句首時，一般用until。She didn't go to bed until/till her mother returned.It was not until her mother returned that she went to bed.Not until her mother returned did she go to bed.她直到媽媽回來才上床睡覺。(5)since和beforesince從句中的動詞性質不同，其起算時間也不同。since瞬間動詞過去時，從該動作發(fā)生時算起；since延續(xù)性動詞過去時，從該動作結束時算起。He has wor

49、ked very hard since he entered the factory.從入廠以來，他工作一直非常努力。(enter為瞬間性動詞)We haven't seen each other since I worked in the factory.We haven't seen each other since I stopped working in the factory.從我不在工廠以來，我們從沒見過面。(work為延續(xù)性動詞)since常用于It'ssome timesince sb. did sth.結構中。試比較：It's two year

50、s since he joined the army.他參軍有兩年了。It's two years since he was a soldier.他退役有兩年了。before除了在“before和after”部分所講的用法外，也可用于it結構，與since結構相似，注意它們所用時態(tài)的區(qū)別：It will besome timebefore sb.do/does sth.(表將來)It wassome timebefore sb. did sth.(表過去)He has gone shopping.It'll be half an hour before he comes bac

51、k.他去買東西了，要過半小時才能回來。It was not long before he returned from abroad.不久他就從國外回來了。13省略句省略是英語語言中的常見現(xiàn)象。為了避免重復，或出于修辭上的需要而省略句中的一個或幾個成分，這種句子叫做省略句。(1)簡單句中的省略人稱(有時包括謂語)的省略。How is your mother today?(She is)much better.感嘆句根據(jù)上下文的省略。How beautiful(it is)!How(hard)they are working!名詞所有格后的名詞，如果是表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已經暗示過的事物時

52、，常省略。At her mother's(house)she passed many happy days.I'm going to the doctor's(clinic)表示年齡的years old和表示鐘表的o'clock等常省略。I am thirteen(years old)It is five(o'clock)now.介詞的省略。在waste/spend/have trouble/difficulty等跟v.ing時，介詞in常省略，在prevent，stop等后的from常省略。Don't waste time(in)mournin

53、g.Ways must be found to stop them(from)polluting our environment.不定式的省略。保留不定式符號to，省略動詞。Are you going to take a course in the summer vacation?Yes.I have to(take a course)though I don't want to(take a course)(2)并列句中的省略在不影響句意的情況下，并列句中后邊分句與前邊分句相同的詞語都可以省略。I take some exercise at weekends and so do my colleagues(take some exercise)She was poor but(she was)hon