2018屆全國英語一輪講義：選修八Unit3

1、選修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions/微語境is單詞、背吧，輕輕松松就能牢記20個單詞！原彳CuiTcntly I*ve become one of tlie personnel of tlie Patent Office. I amdynamicand never workpassively Soon I amcompetenttoidentifywhether a patentclaimisvalidbased on thecntena.An inventorfilesa patentapplicationwitli tlieexpectationtlia

2、thecan make a fortune by selling it. Yesterday twoapplicationsseizedmy attention. Someone submitted a system that could predictabniptclimate changes. Hesaid he had tested the system withcautionand made sure it wasstableas well aspractical.Tlie other was asimple game, tluougli wliich small kids would

3、 learnmen ilytodistinguishshapes and colors.比單詞與短語知識自主排查.默寫識記使有所不同：辨別突然的：意外的便利的：方便的：就近的小心；謹(jǐn)慎預(yù)料；期待；期栗愉快的：高興的抓?。蛔阶。粖Z文件：檔案：文件夾提交；將歸檔清白的；無罪的；天真的熟的；成熟的忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)實際的；實踐的；實用的默寫單詞I.distinguish li. & it.2 abmpt a由.3. convenient aclj.4 caution n.5.expectation n.6. merry acM.7.seize it.8. filen.it.9.innocent adj

4、.10. ripe adj.II.bear it 12. practical adj.記住詞義1 patent n.專利證書：專利權(quán)2 powder n.粉末；火藥3. stainless ac|j無銹的：不銹的：沒有污點的4 criterion n.（評判的）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；尺度5. valid adj.有效的：確鑿的6. identificationn.鑒定；辨認(rèn)；確定；身份證明7 cuiTent n.（水或氣）流：電流adj.現(xiàn)在的：當(dāng)前的8. stable acj.穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的9. court 1】.法庭；法院；朝廷10. associate /聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系11 competence n

5、.能力；勝利；本領(lǐng)12. personnel n.人力資源：人事部；全體人員寫岀短語1 call up給打電話2. set about開始：著手3 set out (to do)開始（做）4 dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入5 haim on不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住6 out of order次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障7 . get through接通（電話）；（設(shè)法）做完：通過8 ring off掛斷電話聯(lián)想拓展形容詞后綴less1. stainless無銹的2. wireless無線電的3. fruitless無成果的4. jobless失業(yè)的5. motionless不動的經(jīng)典例句d：On

6、e in four people are now jobless in iimer areas like Totteiiliam and Peckliam.像托特納姆和佩卡姆這樣的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)失業(yè)人口達(dá)1/4。6.speecliless7. breathless短語串記1. call for2 call at3. call back4 call oii/upoii5 call on/upon6 call off7. setaboutdoing8 getdownto11.diveinto19. nowand說不出話的透不過氣來的2Alex was almost speechless with rag

7、e and despair.亞歷克斯乂生氣乂絕望，兒乎說不出話來。3He arrivedbreathlessat the top of the staiis.他爬上樓梯頂時氣喘吁吁的。4Theycalled forthe immediate release of the hostages.他們要求立即釋放人質(zhì)。5The union tlneatened a stiike butcalleditoffat tlie last minute.工會威脅要罷工，不過在最后一刻取消了行動。6Weset out tofind tlie truth behind the mystery.我們開始看手揭開謎團

8、背后的真相。7Ifs time Igot down totliinking about that essay.我該認(rèn)真思考一下那篇論文了。8Weapplied our minds tofinding a solution to our problem.我們絞盡腦汁尋求解決問題的辦法。9She was pacingup and downin front of her desk.她在辦公桌前踱來踱去。. ”獨創(chuàng)新語境核也考點精解 .詞匯異空間派生詞匯原詞詞義派生詞詞義identify vt.辨別：確認(rèn)（身份等）identification n.1鑒定；辨認(rèn)；身份證明meny adj.愉快的；高興的

9、merrily adv.2高興地:愉快地abnipt a.突然的；意外的abniptly adv.3突然地；唐突地convenient a便利的；方便的：就近的convenience n.conveniently adv.4方便；便利5便利地：方便地caution n.小心：謹(jǐn)慎cautious訶cautiously adv.6.小心的：謹(jǐn)慎的7小心地：謹(jǐn)慎地expect v.預(yù)料;期待:期望;expectation n.8預(yù)料;期待;期望認(rèn)為iimocent a天真的；清白的：無罪的innocence n.iimocently adv.9清白；無辜10清白地；無耶地；天真地associate

10、 vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系association n.社團；協(xié)會；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想practice n.訓(xùn)練：實踐：慣例practical時.12實際的；實踐的；實用的原創(chuàng)語境填空（用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）Most pupils ha c-e lexpectations (expect) that they can participate in varieties of 2practical (practice)activities off campus Many student 1 associations (associate) often organize such activities, ofiei

11、ing great4.conveiiiencefconveiiient) for tlie pupils. However, experts and parents are Scautious (caution) about pupilstaking part iu social activities. Pupils are 6.innocent(iimocence)and they are easily taken in. Besides, manyoften ignore tlieir security wiien 7.merrily (merry) involved in these a

12、ctivities. Schools must warn theirpupils not to trust those who take interest in them 8tapping (tap) their shoulders to encourage tliemto behave well.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號:11470150II原創(chuàng)語境改錯There are amazing tilings about babies. Hiey learn to see by distinguish between areas of liglit and darkHiey start to use their

13、ail ole hand to seize on toys and objects around 5 months of age. They are found tappedon smart phones when they are as young as 6 months. Someone says babies learn to do tilings because certainacts associated rdth physiological drives”. Ho/eper, this is not the case. Bear on niind that your baby is

14、 eagerto e沖eiience the joy of success just like an adult, lb request more details about how babies learn, please todial the phone number + 610894149099 to contact us.【答案】Hieie are amazing tilings about babies Hiey learn to see by distinguishing betireen areas of light anddark. They start to use thei

15、r idiole hand to seize On toystappedand objects around 5 months of age. They are found tapping011smart phones uhen they are as young as 6montlis Someone says babies learn to do tilings because certain acts are associated with physiological“drives”.Hoeeper, this is not the case Bear喬niind that yoiu b

16、aby is eager to experience the joy of success justlike an adult, lb request more details about hoe babies learn, please tX) dial the phone number+610894149099 to contact us.Ddistinguish between .and.u區(qū)分或辨別.和.”;distinguish.fiom.把.與.區(qū)分開；distinguish oneself表現(xiàn)突出；出名” ；be distinguished for/as.u因/作為.而出名”。2

17、bear doing/to be done耐.” ;cant bear doing/to do sth.“ 不能忍受做某事;cant bear sb.doing/to do stli.不能忍受某人做某事” ；bear a heavy binden肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān);bearresponsibility承擔(dān)責(zé)任。3seize sb.by theanna抓住某人的胳膊；seizethecliance/opportuiiity“ 抓 住機會” ；seizeoii/upon“抓住/利用（機會或借口等）”。4associate.witli.u把.和.聯(lián)系在一起；由.聯(lián)想到.” ；beassociated with

18、.u和.有關(guān)”。相依為命的詞搭配搭配例釋、聯(lián)想、拓展動介setabout開始： 著手dive into迅速把手伸入； 一心投入decide on選定；決定采用People set about building their new homeswith the help of the government 在政府的幫助下，人們開始建設(shè)新的家 園。動副hang on不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握?。粓猿謈all up給.打電話;使人想起：喚起get tluougli沒法聯(lián)系上 （尤指打通電話）：（設(shè)法）做 完；通過set out （to do）開始（做）hang up掛斷（電話）；hangai ound/ab

19、out（在. 附近）閑逛：hangover籠罩Tlie smell of the sea called up memories ofher childhood.大海的氣息勾起了她對 童年的回憶。介名out of order次序碩倒；發(fā)生故障in case假使；免得；以防；以防萬一contrary to ones expectations出 乎某人 的預(yù)料，與某人的預(yù)料E相反;live up to onesexpectati ons達(dá)到某人的期望：不 辜負(fù)某人的期望beyond (ones) expectations沒有想到：比預(yù)期的更好I原創(chuàng)語境填空（填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~）After he dec

20、ided l.on changing his job, Tbm set 2.about making preparations for a new one. He called3,up several companies asking wliether tliey needed a computer operator. In spite of a lot of difficulties, hemanaged to hang 4,on and finally a large company agreed to give liim a chance He got Stluough theirint

21、erview and was admitted to the company He had an extra duty repair tlie computers wlien they were 6.outof order, hi rehn n,he was ofiered a very good salary, wiiich was quite 7.beyond his expectations.He dived 8,into his new job with great enthusiasm 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：11470151II原創(chuàng)語境改錯Li Hua called me on, asking

22、if I could go nith liim for a liike the next day. I told him to hang about for ardiile and then I set out checking niy schedule to see if I eould be available tlien. It urns beyond meexpectations that I would have no other appoinhnent. So I accepted liis incitation. That ecaning, we set aboutto make

23、 necessary preparations for the hike. Based on the weather forecast, ice decided into bringingraincoats idth us in case of it rained.【答案】onLi Hua called me up, asking if I could go with liim for a liike the next day. I aboutouttold liim to hang on for a zdiile and then I set about checking my schedu

24、le to see meif I would be ailable then. It was beyond兩expectations that I itx）uld ha ve no aboutother appointment. So I accepted liis in station. That ecaiing, we set out to make into necessary preparationsfor the hike. Based on the rather forecast, wt decided bringing raincoats with us in case Of i

25、t rained.句法新天地更點句型I句式1 I1）&0化+從句“趁著還沒”教材原句The next morning I got up eai ly before the siin was hot.第二天早上，天還不熱，我就早早起來了。此句中的before引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句，before可譯為“趁著還不”。We can set off early before it gets hot.我們可以趁著天不熱早點出發(fā)。Please put them away before they are missing.趁著它們還沒有丟，把它們收好吧。before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，其意義可根據(jù)具體語境譯為“

26、在之 前；（之后）才；（不多久）就；趁著還沒；以免；還沒來得 及就”。It was a long time before I got to sleep again.很長一段時間之后我才重新入睡。Lock your bike before it gets stolen.鎖好你的自行車，以免被偷。Before John stopped her she ran out.約翰還沒來得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。|句式2 |祈使句+aiid +陳述句教材原句Follow it up, explore all aiound it, and before you know it,you will have so

27、mething worth thinking about to occupy yourinincl.跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西占據(jù)著 你的頭腦。本句為“祈使句+mnd+陳述句”句型。祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從 句。Work harder, and you will succeed in yoiu studies.= Working harder, you will succeed in your studies. = If you work harder, you willsucceed in yoiu studies.如果你更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，在學(xué)習(xí)上你就會

28、成功。(1)祈使句+破折號+陳述句(破折號起and的作用，從正面預(yù)測結(jié)果)。(2)祈使句 +or/otliei-wise+ 陳述句=If.not.,+ 主句。(3)名詞詞組+and +陳述句。Try some of tliis juice perhaps youll like it.嘗嘗這種果汁，也許你會喜歡的。If you dont study hard, you will fail in your exams.= Study hard, or/otherwise you will fail in your exams.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，考試會不及格的。It is really veiy d

29、angerous. One more step, and the baby will fall into the well.真危險。再多邁一步，這個小孩就會掉進(jìn)井里。|句式3 |being+形容詞教材原句B&ng very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design ofbridges 由于具有良好的穩(wěn)定性，在橋梁設(shè)計中，它被證明是極其有用的。Being veiy stable是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，在句中作原因狀語。ubeing +形容詞、 過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞”通常在句中作原因狀語，此結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句 首，有時也可置于句尾。Being ve

30、ry shy, he couldnt ask her to go to the movies with him.由于很譽羞，他不敢開口邀請她一起去看電影。Being unemployed, he hasnt got much money.由于沒有工作，他沒有多少錢。Tlie girl feels homesick, being away from home for the first time.由于是第一次離開家，這個女孩有點想家。上面句子中的being其邏輯主語與句子主語是一致的，但如果不一致的話， 就要給being加上自己的主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。School being over, yo

31、u can hardly find any shidents there.因為己放學(xué)，所以在那兒你找不到學(xué)生。Tliere being no rain for months, all the crops are dying out.因為幾個月沒下雨了，莊稼都快要死光了即時演練I原創(chuàng)語境填空1. Being (be) very clever, Jack was considered to have acliieved liis ambitionsiiccessfiilly2. There seemed to be no cause for concern. However, liis mothe

32、r laterdiscovered that he was perfbrniing illegal business. 3,W)rried (worry) about her sonsfiitiire, she had a serious talk with Jack Now 4.conies (come) the time for you to pull back5.before it is too late. She warned. Go one step fiirther, 6.and you will end up in prison.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：11470152II原創(chuàng)語境改錯Ther

33、e ?z?ere no customers at this hour, niy niotlier closed her shop Before long sheappeared in fiont of me. Drink the niilk while it becomes cold and tlien go to sleep as soonas possible, ” she said to me. A competition was to take place the next day. Be very good atscience subjects, I had a good chanc

34、e of gaining liigh grades. Convincing that I ux)uld notlet her down, she still expected me to sleep well and refiesh my niind before thecompetition. Dont stay up too late, youll feel tired tomorrow. ”【答案】wereThere being no customers at tliis hour, niy mother closed her shop Before longMiileshe appea

35、red in front of me. “Drink the niilk befbre讓becomes cold and then go to sleep assoon as possible, she said to me. A competition ?pas to take place the next Beday. Beino wry good at science subjects, I had a good chance of gaining liigli Condncinggi ades. Condnced that I would not let her down, she s

36、till expected me to sleep well andrefiesh niy niind before the competition.uDont stay up too late, or youll feel tiredtomorrozp. ”冷知識詳單查缺補漏I單句填空1. Tired. Jim was fast asleep with liis back against a big tree.2.I cant say wliich wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.3. Fve been working out in th

37、e gym since January. I was a bit out of shape4. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are tnily an invento匚5. Tlie day is coming when telegiaph wires will be laid on to houses just like water orgas.II單句改錯1. You will gradually get better at ititfs just a matter with practice.2

38、 We clidiVt plan our art exliibition like that but it worked on veiy well.3. Only when she had studied the data again she realize there was a mistake.4. Theres no way you can give a good talk unless you have sometliing worth talkabout.【答案】l.withof 2.onout 3.again后加did 4第二個talk-*talkingIII原創(chuàng)語境改錯I had

39、 longed for a chance to li ve in an African country for a couple ofyears Hie dayfinally came that I was sent to u?ork in Egypt. Hoiever, things didnt work on as had beenexpected. Merely after I got there did I realize how difficult it was to lic in a completelydifferent culhire. It was not just matt

40、er of getting used to it. Y)u had to learn how tointegrate yourself into tlieir society. Sometimes I got discouraged with situations that eentagainst to my belief or niy MIL Li ring abroad is sometliing really worth thouglit about.【答案】I had longed for a chance to li ve in an African country for a couple ofyears Hie thatoilday finally came汕en I uas sent to work in Egypt. HoYcecw, things didnt work ou