高中英語(外研版必修5)詞匯解讀：Module4(高考)

1、Module 4 CarnivalExplanations for new words and phrases1、extend: vi./vt.（時、空間的 涎伸/延續(xù)/延長；伸出（手臂等）/展開（翅膀）；同|練 P81-3-2 擴展/擴大/擴張/擴散；給予（歡迎，幫助等）/提供/贈送/發(fā)出等。extend your hands 伸出手 extend one's business大其營業(yè)extend financial help to sb.給予某人資助The hot weather extended into October.熱至 U十月。The road extends for m

2、iles.路名帛延數(shù)英里。The mountains extend over the western end of the island.山脈向島嶼的西端延伸出 去。He extended his hand in greeting.伸手歡迎。 The birds extend their wings in flight.展翅飛翔。The car park has been extended.停車場被擴建。Fruit trees extended out over thefences.樹枝伸出墻。extend for延續(xù).（距離）；extend over延續(xù).（時間），遍布； extend fr

3、om 從伸出來； extend out 伸出；extend from .to/into 從.延綿/延伸寸t至1J.； extend through 貫穿.； extend through to （一直）延伸到。拓展：extended延長（伸展）的/持續(xù)的/擴大/展的extensive廣闊/廣泛/大規(guī)模的intend意欲/打算/想讓做辨析：extend: 延長，伸展”指時、空上的擴展與延長。也可指比喻意義上的 延長”，或范圍的擴展”。the extended meaning of a word （詞匯的弓I伸意義 ）,to extend （or lengthen） a road（延長道路），to

4、 extend （or lengthen） one's stay.（延長某人的逗留）；Can you extend your visit for a few days more? 你能把你的訪問再延長幾天嗎？The railway will be extended next year.明年將要延長這條鐵路。He is extending his eyes with radar;人類借助雷達來擴大自己的視野。My garden extends as far as the river.我的花園一直伸展至 U河邊expand:不受約束地擴大“用于具體事物時指體積的膨脹。Water expan

5、ds when it freezes.水結冰會膨脹。Their business expanded into other hotels and properties. 他們的業(yè)務擴展至1J了其他旅 館和房地產。prolong :延長”多指時間上的延長。就細節(jié)達成協(xié)議。Two countries prolonged signing an agreement until details could be agreed on. 兩國 推遲簽約直到同練 P82-4-2 一2、pretend: vt.假裝。+ that-clause/ to do。"假裝正用不定式進行時；“假裝已用不定式完成時

6、。Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could haveromantic adventures in secret.普通人可以裝成闊佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地體驗浪漫奇He pretended to be friendly with us.裝出友好。 He pretended not to have heard about it.假裝沒聽過這事。The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.老師進來

7、時， 學生們假裝在讀書He pretended to have been punished by the teacher.他假裝受至 ij 了老師的懲罰。He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.他裝病以便能呆在家里。3、come to an end:動詞短語，意為“完結/終止/結束”=be over。反義短語：begin with開始。The original Venice carnival came to an end about 200 years ago.最初的威尼斯狂歡節(jié)在 200年前就完結了。The Chi

8、nese Spring Festival begins on January 1st and c omes to an end on January 15th according to the lunar calendar （陰歷）.中國春節(jié)，按陰歷從元月初一到元月十五。The meeting came to an end at last. 會議終于結束了。拓展：bring.to an end 結束 put an end to 結束 end up 結束（不及物） end up with 以結 束He brought his lecture to an end around ten o '

9、; clock.他在 10 點左右結束了他的演講。Let ' s put an end to this quarre我們結束這場爭吵吧。Our game always ends up in a quarrel. 我們總是在吵鬧中結束比賽。常用短語：come to a crisis陷入危機 come to a close漸近結束，臨終 come to anagreement達成協(xié)議come to life蘇醒/變得活躍/顯得逼真come to light顯露，暴露，成為人所共知come to power （開始）掌權，上臺3、dress up:裝扮/梳妝打扮。強調外表上的衣著講究。|同練

10、P78-2-2后跟as/like表“打扮成"；跟for表"為場合而打扮”；跟in表“用衣裝扮”。Don't bother to dress up come as you are.用不著穿講究衣服就穿平常的衣服來吧。We dressed up for the school ball on Christmas Day.我們?yōu)閰⒓訉W校的圣誕舞會而盛 裝打扮。I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing. 我喜歡穿上古裝的樂趣。The little girl dressed herself up as an a

11、ngle.這小姑娘把自己裝扮成天使。 歸納：dress sb給某人穿衣be dressed in穿著He is smartly dressed in red when I saw him at the dinner.在宴會上見到他身著紅衣， 帥氣十足。She dressed her son in a hurry because he couldn ' t dress himseffi 給兒子穿上衣， 因自己不會。辨析： wear, have on, put on, dress, （be）in1） wear:用于穿衣服、戴眼鏡（手套/首飾/帽）等，強調“穿（戴）”的狀態(tài)。Today sh

12、e is wearing her necklace.2） have on:同 wear 一樣，也表狀態(tài)，但不用于進行時態(tài)。He has on a red T-shirt every day.3） put on:著重強調“穿（戴）上”的動作。He put on his coat and went out.4） dress: vt./vi.,賓語是人而非衣帽等物。也可跟副詞表狀態(tài)。be dressed in表狀態(tài)，穿著”的意思。Since the accident he can' dreeediorself.dress well /badly / neatly 衣著漂亮/難看/整潔She

13、is always dressed in black.她總穿著黑衣服。5） （be） in + ：顏色或服裝、眼鏡等”也表 穿著”的狀態(tài)，在句中作表語或定語。The lady who is in white is our teacher of Chinese.4、revive: vi./vt.（使）蘇醒/恢復精力/復元/恢復生機；（使）復興/再興起/再流行；（使）再生效；回想。The fresh air soon revived him.新鮮空氣很快就使他蘇醒過來了。These flowers will revive in water.花在水中會再活。The crops revived in

14、the rain.在雨中又生機盎然。The fine arts revived during the Renaissance.在文藝復興時期美術復興了。The Prime Minister promised to revive the economy. 首相承諾振興經濟。The picture revived memories of his childhood. 這張照片使他回憶起他的童年時代5、book: vt.預訂。賓語主要是“房間、座位、票”等。同練Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonder

15、ful costumes. 酒店已被預訂一空,狹窄的街道上滿眼都是華麗的盛裝。I' d like tbook three seats for tonight' sBconcertE個今晚音樂會的座位。I ' d like tbook a table for 8 o ' clock tonght一張今晚八點的餐桌。Please book a double room for me.請給我訂一個雙人間。I have booked two seats for the theatre on Saturday.我預訂了兩張星期六的戲票。 辨析：book:預訂"，多

16、指預訂各種席位，如交通訂票、旅館房間、娛樂場館座位等的位置;order:預訂"，多指預訂各種貨物、飯菜、衣服等。I have booked two tickets for the film tonight. Mary has booked a flight from New York to London.The lecturer is booked for every night of this week.They are said to have ordered more grain from Canada. I have ordered a camera on line.搭配：b

17、ook in：簽到；（旅館等）登記旅客姓名等；簽U發(fā)（貨物）；預定旅館房間；辦理登記手續(xù)。The latest representatives booked in at 3 o'clock.最后一批代表已經在三點鐘報到了。I could not get even one ticket since all the seats were booked up. 一張票也弄不至U, 所 有位都已預定。book sth. to sb.（ = book sth. down to sb.）把貨款記在某人帳上。book through 買直達票；直運（行李）。book up預訂（車、船、飛機票、旅社房

18、間等 ）。by the book按規(guī)則，按照慣例。6、wander: vi.漫步/閑逛；迷路/迷失方向;等介詞連用。wander across or through 漫步穿過中wander toward town漫步走向城市wander from the subject/point 離題 的思想開小差。His mind is wandering.他心不在焉。在上課時不要離題。 常跟 across, through, around, about, fromwander through the woods彳非彳回/蜿蜒穿行于林wander about/over the world 漫游世界讓自己D

19、on't let your mind wander during the lecture.The children wandered in the woods.孩子們在樹林里漫步。She was wandering aimlessly up and down the road.她在路上漫無目的地來回溜達。The boys wandered around the town with nothing to do. 那些男孩無所事事，在鎮(zhèn)上到 處閑逛。Be careful not to wander from the subject. 注意不要偏離正題。The river wanders t

20、hrough some beautiful villages.這條河蜿蜒曲折地流經一些風景秀麗的鄉(xiāng)村。7、consist of = be made up of：由組成/構成（表示由幾部分組成一個整體）。無被動語態(tài)或進行時態(tài)。The United Nations Organization consists of over 160 nations.聯(lián)合國組織由一百六十多個國家組成。Our class consists of 50 students. = Our class is made up of 50 students. 我們班是由 50 個 學生組成的。Happiness does not

21、consist in how many possessions you own.幸福不在于你擁有多少私人財產。The report does not consist with the fact. 見時艮道與事實不合。辨析：consist of, make up, be made up ofconsist of = be made up of：由組成，不用于被動語態(tài)。相當于include的意思。make up：組成，占（比例）。為主動形式，表示“部分組成一個整體”的意思。This club consists of more than 200 members. 這個俱樂部有 200 多位會員。=T

22、his club is made up of more than 200 members. = More than 200 members make up this club.8、relaxing : adj.令人放松的；使人懶洋洋的，表主語“物”的性質。Calypso is great it ' s exciting anrdlaxing at the same time!卡呂普索太棒了它能讓你既興奮又放松！The sunlight above the beach in spring is relaxing. 春天沙灘上的陽光讓人懶洋洋的。We spent a relaxing ev

23、ening together.我們一起度過了一個輕松的夜晚。作中轉移開來。I find fishing is relaxing and it takes my mind off my work.覺得釣魚是一種休息 ，可使注意力從工反義詞：intense緊張的 strained緊張的relaxed: adj.（人感到）放松/輕松/自在/無拘無束的；舒適的。指人自身放松的，不緊弓K的，主語He looks relaxed about the serious matter,對于這個嚴重的事情，他看起來很輕松。It ' seOaxing journey. I feel relaxed afte

24、r the exam.relax: v.（使）放松。relaxation : n.放松；消遣。A holiday will help you relax after your exams.考試之后放個假有助于緩解緊張情緒。 These pills will relax you and make you sleep.這些藥丸對你有鎮(zhèn)靜和催眠的作用。 Fishing is my favourite relaxation. 我最喜歡的消遣是釣魚。9、mark: vt.標志（著）。 后接名詞（短語）作賓語，相當于 make known或show。This marked the beginning of

25、 the slave trade. 這標志著奴隸貿易的開始。 進步。His new film marked a major advance in cinematic techniques.他的新電影標志著電影技術的巨大mark: vt.標記/標上，在一留記號” 。 mark.on./ be marked with 用標記.；給.打分; 表明。Mark the place on the map.在地圖上標那地。 Mark the furs with their place of origin. 在皮毛上標產地。Prices are marked on the goods在商品上標.價。a mud

26、dy road marked with footprints 留有足跡的泥路I have twenty essays to mark tonight,今晚我有二十篇文章要評閱/批改。鐘,時針指向2點。A smile marked her happiness.笑容表明了她的幸福。He looked at the clock. Itmarked two.他看了看mark: n.污跡；記/符號；特征；分數(shù)。 put a mark做記號 a man of mark有影響的人/著 名的人Who made these dirty marks on my new book? 誰把我的新書弄上了這些污跡？ P

27、ut a question mark at the end of that sentence.在見 B個句末戈 U一個問號。 Good manners are the mark of a civilized person.彬彬有禮是文明人的特征。 He got a mark of 95 instead of 100.他得了 95 分，而不是 100 分。10、import: vt.進口。 反義詞 exportThe country has to import most of its raw materials.這個國家大部分原料須進口。辨析：import:進口引進”，著重指從國外帶進或從一個領

28、域進入另一個領域； introduce:引進、推廣”，側重指面向市場或民眾，把物體推廣、普及。The country imported large amount of rice from China every year.They have introduced a new species to Aferica.11、abolish: vt.廢止/廢除（法律/制度/習俗等）。=get rid of; do away with 。猶指消除長期存在的 風俗/習慣等，abolish slavery 廢除奴隸制Bad customs should be abolished.壞的風俗應當廢除。Abrah

29、am Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. 亞伯拉罕 林肯在美國廢除了 奴隸制。These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible 這些迷信做法應 盡早取消。12、celebration : n. C慶典，慶祝。表示對某一事件、節(jié)日的慶賀。In fact, there aren ' any spectators/looker-on everybody who is here is part of the celebrations.事實上，沒有

30、任何旁觀者一一這里的每個人都是慶?；顒拥囊徊糠?。His birthday celebration went on all day. 他的生日慶祝活動持續(xù)了一整天。We held a celebration yesterday.昨天我們舉行了一場慶典。拓展：in celebration of為慶祝一六十周年，舉辦了盛大的晚會。A grand party was held in celebration of the 60th anniversary of our motherland. 為慶 祝祖國成立celebrate: v.慶祝Tom celebrated his 24th birthday

31、two days ago.兩天前湯姆慶祝了他24 歲生日。辨析：celebrate, congratulatecelebrate:指以行動來慶祝生日、節(jié)日等，一般指祝賀某件事情。congratulate:指對個人經努力獲得成功的祝朗:以直語表達祝賀之意，對象為人。congratulatesb.（on sth.）。Li Ming held a party to celebrate his admission to Tsinghua University, and his friends congratulated him on it.李明舉行了一個聚會慶祝被清華大學錄取，他的朋友們都祝賀 他。W

32、e celebrated his birthday with a party.我們舉行宴會來慶祝他的生日。She congratulated him on his success.她祝賀他獲得成功。13、origin : n.起源/起點/來源；出身/血統(tǒng)。the origins of civilization 文明的起源be of noble / humble origin 出身高貴 /微賤Many words in the English language are French in origin. 英語中的許多詞源于法語。 What's the origin of your anx

33、iety? 你焦慮的根源是什么 ？ He is considered to be of noble origins.人們都認為他出身高貴。He is a German by origin.他原籍德國/是德國血統(tǒng)。originate : vt.創(chuàng)造/創(chuàng)始/開創(chuàng)/創(chuàng)辦/發(fā)明；發(fā)（起源/來自）于/產（發(fā)）生;發(fā)起/引起。They originated the plan.他們首先提出這一計劃。originate from/in sth.由某事產生/引起 originate from/with 由某人發(fā)起/首創(chuàng) The film originated in/from a short story. 這部電

34、影取材于一篇短篇小說。The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding.爭吵是由于誤解而弓I起的。Coal of all kinds originated from the decay of plants.各種煤都是由植物的朽爛形成All theories originate from/in practice and in turn serve practice. 理論源于實踐，反過來 又為實踐服務。The optic theory originated with Einstein.光學理論是愛因斯坦首創(chuàng)的。The idea originated wit

35、h her.這主意是她最先想出來的。The use of the computer has originated many other reforms.電腦的使用弓I起了其他許 多的革新。original: adj.起初的/原來的；獨創(chuàng)的，新穎的；原版/作的。The original settlers are the Indians.最早在這里定居的是印第安人。Your designs are highly original. 你的設計很獨特。The inventor had an original mind.那個發(fā)明家具有創(chuàng)新的頭腦。The original picture is worth

36、 1000 dollars.這幅畫的原作值 1000 美元。come out: v.出來/出現(xiàn)；顯露/露出；開花/長出；真相大白。1 .出現(xiàn)。 The moon came out from behind the clouds.月亮從云后露出臉來。The rain stopped and the sun came out.2 .出版。 The author's new book just came out.作家的新書剛出版。The report came outin 2007.When will his new novel come out? 他新創(chuàng)作的小說什么時候出版？3 .結果是。E

37、verything came out wrong.每件事結果者B錯誤The party came out all right.晚會開得很好。4 .傳出 /說出 /道出。 When the news came out, everyone was shocked.消息傳來，人人者B感至U5 .總計。 The total came out at 1010.總數(shù)算出來為一千零十。6 .成為眾所周知。It was only after his death that the truth came out.死后才真相大白.7 .（照片）顯形成功。Only one of our photos came out

38、.8 .清除。 Red wine stains don ' t come out easily易清除.拓展：come across偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)/偶遇；被理解。come about發(fā)生；產生。 come into being形成；產生。come on快點（口），開始，到來，舉行，走吧，一起去。come to蘇醒，總共，達到，得到諒解。come up （種子）生長，發(fā)育；被提出。 come up with趕上；想出。 come up to達到（某 點）。come true實現(xiàn)。 come off脫落，分開；實現(xiàn)，成功。How did it come about that humans spea

39、k so many different languages? 類會說多語言 是咋產生的？Your point really came across at the meeting.大家確實理解了你在會議上的觀點。When I tried to lift the kettle, the handle came off in my hand.我剛想提水壺， 把手就掉 在我的手里了。People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas. 人們能在許多方面把一些想法綜合在一起，并提出一些新觀點。Do you k

40、now how the earth came into being ?你知道地球是如何形成的嗎？on end時間連續(xù)地。 反義詞：break of突然停止，暫停；give up停止，拋棄1 .豎著；The frightening noise set her hair on end.恐怖的聲音使她毛骨，竦然。2 .連續(xù)地；He worked on his novel for months on end.他連續(xù)幾個月都在寫他的小說。They danced for hours on end 連續(xù)跳舞幾小時。He works three day on end.連續(xù)工作了三天。Sometimes we

41、work for 24 hours on end.有時我們連續(xù) 24 小時工作。It has been raining for days on end. 一連好幾天連續(xù)下雨。In order to pass the exam,she has prepared it for a month on end. 為通過考試,連續(xù)準備in secret秘密地。反義詞：in public當眾,公開地，公然地； in the table在桌面上,公開地Although having been prohibited by the government,many persons hit the pipe in secret.盡管被政府禁止，仍有許多人秘密地吸毒。by force 用武力迫使。=by force = with forc