混凝土及鋼筋混凝土工程施工工藝

1、stressed that promoting thecomprehensive revitalization should focuson economic construction as the central focus with,pay special attention to gra sp the implementati on of five developme nt concepts,dee pening reform andpromoti ng the all-round opening up, ensuring and improvingpeople's liveli

2、hood, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, "five priorities", play developme nt mix. To with new development concept measure work, and command action, and training ca dres, in implement implementation new developme nt concept in the looking for opportunities, and buildhi

3、ghlig hts, and expa nd advantage; to fulldeepening reform, break bound the aspectscreated vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspe cts opening, participation "in t he ca st Russian Economic Corridor" construction; to guarantees and impr oved livelihood, strongly

4、w on povertybattle; to strengthe ning ecologicalcivilization constructi on,for future generations left skybl ue, a nd t o gree n, and water cle ar ofbetter homes.We must in-depth implementimplementation new developme nt concept, insisted to e conomic construction forCenter, firmly caughtdevelopmentt

5、his first priority, absorbed make construction, heartno di stractions caughtdevelopme nt, speed up development "sixbig industry", in-depth im plementation "three bigengineering", activecreate "two bigenvironment",out of a article quality more hig h, a ndbe nefits better

6、, a ndstructure moreexcellent of transformation developme nt of r oad.o strengthen ecological construction. On March22, thedeep restructuring examined and adopted the opinion on perfectingcompensation mechanism of ecologicalprote ction,proposed to explorethe establi shmecompensation coverage, the ec

7、ological adva ntages of the region willbe further highlighted.We need to go green eco-building , as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of main function region construction requirements, car eful implementation and Xiaoxi ng ' an mountains forestecologicalprotection and eco

8、nomic restructuring pla n for theconstruction of skyblue, . Acts prohibited bypicki ng up the remainingwells in standing timber.o focus on forest resourceconservation, increase the acquisiti on and supervision of coldstorage, nobuy fruit, encourage support to le ading e nterprise s, workers ' co

9、operatives as aunit, t he contract managementof forest resources, the rational protecti on and utilization of resources.o w ork actively towardspolicy aimed from the level of the State Forestry Administration formulated regulations toprotect forest resources a s soon assafety is the first priority混凝

10、土及鋼筋混凝土工程（一）施工程序其施工程序如下：施工準(zhǔn)備材料采運(yùn)加工模板、 鋼筋制安砼拌和運(yùn)輸澆筑振實(shí)養(yǎng)護(hù)拆模養(yǎng)護(hù)檢查驗(yàn)收。（二）模板工程(1) 本工程砼施工主要采用定型鋼模，其余混凝土施工根據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙中砼構(gòu)件的尺寸確定合適模板的材料、尺寸及形狀，拼制模板時，板邊要平直，接縫嚴(yán)密，不得漏漿。(2) 模板材質(zhì)應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)的國家和行業(yè)規(guī)定，木材的質(zhì)量應(yīng)達(dá)到III 等以上的材質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，腐朽、嚴(yán)重扭曲或脆性的木材嚴(yán)禁使用。鋼模厚度不應(yīng)小于 3mm，鋼板面應(yīng)盡可能光滑， 不允許有凹坑， 褶皺和其他表面缺陷。 模板的金屬支撐件材料也應(yīng)符合有關(guān)行業(yè)規(guī)定。(3) 根據(jù)混凝土構(gòu)件的施工詳圖進(jìn)行施工測量放樣， 重要的

11、結(jié)構(gòu)多設(shè)控制點(diǎn)，以便檢查校正。模板安裝過程中， 必須經(jīng)常保持足夠的臨時固定措施， 以防傾覆。安裝的模板之間的接縫必須平整嚴(yán)密。模板安裝應(yīng)符合設(shè)計及規(guī)范要求。(4) 模板支撐由側(cè)板、立檔、橫檔、斜撐和水平撐組成，支撐必須保證牢固，在混凝土振搗過程中不會產(chǎn)生位移變形。(5) 安裝支撐、調(diào)整完畢后的模板，在模板與砼接觸面涂上防銹保護(hù)涂料和脫模涂料。模板安裝合格后方能進(jìn)行下道工序的施工。（三）鋼筋本工程主要是指鋼筋的采購、 運(yùn)輸、驗(yàn)收、保管、加工、制作、安裝等內(nèi)容。1、鋼筋的材質(zhì)(1) 所有鋼筋均應(yīng)按施工詳圖及有關(guān)文件、指示進(jìn)行訂購，進(jìn)場鋼筋的外觀符合技術(shù)規(guī)范的要求， 并具有出廠證明和試驗(yàn)報告單， 鋼

12、筋表面或每捆 ( 盤) 均有標(biāo)志并交給工程師審查。在使用之前按批號及直徑依據(jù)鋼筋試驗(yàn)規(guī)程取樣試驗(yàn)，如拉伸試驗(yàn)、彎曲試驗(yàn)，凡檢驗(yàn)、試驗(yàn)不合格的，一律清退出場，以保證鋼筋質(zhì)量。（2）鋼筋砼結(jié)構(gòu)用的鋼筋，其種類、鋼號、直徑及其它性能指標(biāo)等均應(yīng)符合施工詳圖及有關(guān)設(shè)計文件的規(guī)定。he first responsibilityof the forest, 26th spring areahas fullydepl oyed to the fire, has now e ntered the fire, we have to be onduty, and defend. Determined to over

13、come paralysis, must not "Twelve-Five" no fires in the past, the reduced requirements duri ng theperi od.o a pply strictly the partywith the responsibilit y, must shoulder the responsibility of the Party Secretary in particula r, really practicepipes, it can never shuaishouzhanggui, besure

14、 to layer the implementation falls fire responsibility, toensure thatno major forest fires. To adheretobalance d, correctlyhandle the relationship between fire and proje ct constructi on, industrialdevelopment, to "never missor two." Second, tospeedup the development of six major industrie

15、s. Promotedevelopment in our region, the key is to give fullplay to resource advantage to buildeco-oriented "big six" system, tocreate thenewengine of economi c growt h. Firm confidence. Practicehas proved trequirements, and meet the actual da hinggan mountains, throug h a ctive efforts ha

16、vebee n showing a strong momentum of development. So, in the "six" on development, we must be firm in faith, go allout, perseverance, onecaughtin the end,convince d thatCastle i s not relaxed,doe s not reach t he target willnever g iveup. S hould focus on industrialprojects. Project is to

17、a ccelerate the industrial development of important support and backing.Industrialproje ct construction, my area there are few i n number, smallsize, l ow levelproblems.This year, the pr ojectas his partyhas "firstproject", we haveto work har d to project construction. Espe cially effectiv

18、eduring short, catchi ng projectshallnot, slowdragging not allowed. All localitiesshoul d conscientiously implement the project leadership system, timetable, roadmap, and coordinateservice s, tracki ng thewhole prchalle nges, to accelerate thepace of preliminary formalities, the enter prises havedif

19、ficulties to pull one way and also help in a timely manner to helpbusinesses market, enha nce confidence,urging work as soon as possible. To strengthen t he proje ct analysis, proper risk analysis and im prove project success rates. (Specific to the XX, we stillwant to make gooduse of agricultural a

20、dvantages, relying on theupper reachesof the forest in the freshair and XXXpure water and other resources, createhigh-quality,high-grade green food brands, truly reflect the original character. Meanw hile, adhere to the proje ct as the breakthrough topromote economi c development around the "si

21、x industrial chain" topay special attention to forming proje cts, digpotential projects, focus on key projects, activelycultivating t he new leading industries and new sources of e conomic growth).o promote investment. More accurateindustrial layoutstressed that promoting thecomprehensive revit

22、alization should focuson economic construction as the central focus with,pay special attention to gra sp the implementation of five developme nt concepts,dee pening reform andpromoti ng the all-round opening up, ensuring and improvingpeople's livelihood, strengthen the construction of ecological

23、 civilization, "five priorities", play developme nt mix. To with new development conce pt measure work, and command action, and training ca dres, in implement implementation new developme nt concept in the looking for opportunities, and buildhighlig hts, and expa nd advantage; to fulldeepe

24、ning reform, break bound the aspectscreated vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspe cts opening, participation "in t he ca st Russian Economic Corridor" construction; to guarantees and impr oved livelihood, strongly w on povertybattle; to strengthe ning ecologic

25、alcivilizaton constructi on, forsustainablfor future generations left skybl ue, a nd t o gree n, and water cle ar ofbetter homes.We must in-depth implementimplementation new developme nt concept, insisted to e conomic construction forCenter, firmly caughtdevelopmentthis first priority, absorbed make

26、 construction, heartno di stractions caughtdevelopme nt, speed up development "sixbig industry", in-depth im plementation "three bigengineering", activecreate "two bigenvironment",out of a article quality more hig h, a ndbe nefits bette r, a ndstruct ure moreexcellent o

27、f transformation developme nt of r oad.o strengthenecological construction. On March22, thedeep restructuring examined and adopted the opinion on perfectingcompensation mechanism of ecologicalprote ction,proposed to explorethe establi shmecompensation coverage, the ecological adva ntages of the regi

28、on willbe further highlighted.We need to go green eco-building , as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of main function region construction requirements, car eful implementation and Xiaoxi ng ' an mountains forestecol ogicalprotection and economic restructuring plan for th

29、econstruction of skyblue, . Acts prohibited bypicki ng up the remainingwells i n standing timber.o focus on forest resourceconservation, increase the acquisition a nd supervision of coldstorage, nobuy fruit, encourage support to le ading enterprise s, workers ' c ooperatives as aunit, t he contr

30、act managementof forest resources, the rational protecti on and utilization of resources.o w ork actively towardspolicy aimed from the level of the State Forestry Administration formulated regulations toprotect forest resources a s soon assafety is the first priority(3) 鋼筋必須按不同等級、牌號、規(guī)格及生產(chǎn)廠家分批驗(yàn)收，分別堆存

31、，不得混雜，且應(yīng)立牌以資識別。在貯存、運(yùn)輸過程中應(yīng)避免銹蝕和污染。鋼筋宜堆置在倉庫 ( 棚 ) 內(nèi)，露天堆置時，應(yīng)墊高并加遮蓋。2、鋼筋的試驗(yàn)鋼筋在加工使用前，應(yīng)分批進(jìn)行機(jī)械性能試驗(yàn)：(1) 鋼筋分批試驗(yàn)，以同一爐 ( 批) 號、同一截面尺寸的鋼筋為一批，取樣的重量不大于 60kg。(2) 根據(jù)廠商提供的鋼筋質(zhì)量證明書，檢查每批鋼筋的外表質(zhì)量，并測量每批鋼筋的代表直徑。(3) 在每批鋼筋中，選取經(jīng)表面檢查尺寸測量合格的兩根鋼筋中各取一個拉力試件和一個冷彎試件，如一組試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目的一個試件不符合監(jiān)理人規(guī)定數(shù)值時，則另取兩倍數(shù)量的試件進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)， 對不合格的項(xiàng)目做第二次試驗(yàn)， 如有一個試件不合格，則該批

32、鋼筋不合格。3、鋼筋的加工和安裝(1) 鋼筋的表面應(yīng)潔凈無損傷，油漆污染和鐵銹等應(yīng)在使用前清除干凈。帶有顆粒狀或片狀老銹的鋼筋不得使用。(2) 鋼筋應(yīng)平直，無局部彎折。鋼筋的調(diào)直應(yīng)遵循以下規(guī)定：采用冷拉法調(diào)直鋼筋時， I 級鋼筋的冷拉率不宜大于 4%，、級鋼筋的冷拉率不得大于1%冷拉低碳鋼絲在調(diào)直機(jī)上調(diào)直后， 其表面不得有明顯擦傷， 抗拉強(qiáng)度不得低于施工圖紙的要求。鋼筋加工的尺寸應(yīng)符合施工圖紙的要求， 加工后的鋼筋的允許偏差不得超過以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：圓鋼筋制成箍筋，其彎鉤長度表箍筋直徑受力鋼筋直徑 (mm)<28284051075901290105施工時，應(yīng)按照設(shè)計施工詳圖進(jìn)行鋼筋放樣，并在模板

33、或其它建筑物上明確標(biāo)記。鋼筋的安裝位置、 間距、保護(hù)層及各部分鋼筋大小的尺寸均應(yīng)符合施工he first responsibilityof the forest, 26th spring areahas fullydepl oyed to the fire, has now e ntered the fire, we have to be onduty, and defend. Determined to overcome paralysis, must not "Twelve-Five" no fires in the past, the reduced requirem

34、ents duri ng theperi od.o a pply strictly the partywith the re sponsibilit y, must shoulder the responsibility of the Party Secretary in particula r, really practicepipes, it can never shuaishouzhanggui, besure to layer the implementation falls fire responsibility, toensure thatno major forest fires

35、. To adhere tobalance d, correctlyhandle the relationship between fire and proje ct constructi on, industrialdevelopment, to "never missor two." Second, tospeed up the development of six major industries. Promotedevelopment in our region, the key is to give fullplay to resource advantage t

36、o buildeco-oriented "big six" system, tocreate thenewengine of economi c growt h. Firm confidence. Practicehas proved that the "bigsix" of both ce ntral and provirequirements, and meet the actual da hinggan mountains, throug h a ctive efforts havebee n showing a strong momentum o

37、f development. So, in the "six" on development, we must be firm in faith, go allout, perseverance, onecaughtin the end,convince d thatCastle i s not relaxed,doe s not reach t he target willnever giveup. S hould focus on industrialprojects. Project is to a ccelerate the industrial developme

38、nt of important support and backing.Industrialproje ct construction, my area there are few i n number, smallsize, l ow levelproblems.This year, the projectas his partyhas "firstproject", we haveto work har d to project construction. Espe cially effectiveduring short, catchi ng projectshall

39、 not, slowdragging not allowed. All localitiesshoul d conscientiously implement the project leadership system, timetable, roadmap, and coordinateservice s, tracki ng thechalle nges, to accelerate thepace of preliminary formalities, the enter prises havedifficulties to pull one way and also help in a

40、 timely manner to helpbusinesses market, enha nce confidence,urging w ork as soon aspossible. To strengthen t he proje ct analysis, proper risk analysis and im prove project success rates. (Specific to the XX, we stillwant to make gooduse of agricultural advantages, relying on theupper reachesof the

41、 forest in the freshair and XXXpure water and other resources, createhigh-quality,high-grade green food brands, truly reflect the original character. Meanw hile, adhere to the proje ct as the breakthrough topromote economi c development around the "six industrial chain" topay special atten

42、tion to forming proje cts, digpotential projects, focus on key projects, activelycultivating t he new leading industries and new sources of e conomic growth).o promote investment. More accurateprofessionalindustrial layout。詳圖的規(guī)定。為了保證混凝土保護(hù)層的必要厚度， 應(yīng)在鋼筋模板之間設(shè)置強(qiáng)度不低于結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計強(qiáng)度的混凝土墊塊， 墊塊應(yīng)埋設(shè)鐵絲與鋼筋扎緊， 墊塊應(yīng)互相錯開，分散布

43、置。（四）普通混凝土工程 ( 含鋼筋混凝土工程 )施工放樣結(jié)束后， 進(jìn)行模板、 鋼筋工序的施工， 經(jīng)監(jiān)理單位驗(yàn)收合格后的工作面，方可進(jìn)行混凝土施工，在混凝土施工前，保持基層的清潔和濕潤狀態(tài)。1、混凝土材料施工前首先對原材料進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)， 確定最優(yōu)配合比作為施工控制依據(jù)。 同時根據(jù)施工進(jìn)度計劃進(jìn)行原材料的備料， 滿足施工的連續(xù)性， 合格的材料進(jìn)場后應(yīng)按照不同的種類分別堆放。 本工程的粗細(xì)骨料在指定的料場購買。 骨料的材質(zhì)、 粒徑、含泥量等指標(biāo)均應(yīng)達(dá)到相關(guān)規(guī)定和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，自卸汽車運(yùn)輸?shù)绞┕がF(xiàn)場。(1) 水泥水泥采用發(fā)包人指定材料供應(yīng)供貨， 運(yùn)輸過程中應(yīng)注意其品種和標(biāo)號不得混雜，并采取有效措施防止受潮。(2

44、) 骨料按業(yè)主提供的料場進(jìn)行購買，所購骨料應(yīng)是合格材料。細(xì)骨料應(yīng)質(zhì)地堅硬，清潔、級配良好，細(xì)度模數(shù)應(yīng)在2.4 3.0 范圍內(nèi)，其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)符合有關(guān)技術(shù)規(guī)范。粗骨料的最大粒徑， 不應(yīng)超過鋼筋最小凈間距的 2/3 及構(gòu)件斷面最小邊長的 1/4 ，素混凝土板厚的 1/2 ，所用骨料應(yīng)盡量級配連續(xù)。不同粒徑的骨料應(yīng)分別堆存， 嚴(yán)禁相互混雜和混入泥土； 裝卸時，粒徑大于 40mm的骨料的凈自由落差不應(yīng)大于 3m，應(yīng)避免造成骨料的嚴(yán)重破碎，對含有活性骨料、黃銹等的粗骨料，必須進(jìn)行專門試驗(yàn)后，才能使用。(3) 水本工程擬采用庫水經(jīng)凈化處理合格后用于施工。其 pH 值、不溶物、可溶物氯化物、等的含量按下表標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)

45、行。物質(zhì)含量極限項(xiàng) 目鋼筋混凝土素混凝土pH值 44不溶物 mg/L 20005000可溶物 mg/L 5000 10000氯化 ( 以 Cl - 計)mg/L 120035002-計)mg/L 27002700硫酸鹽(以 SO4-可編輯修改 -stressed that promoting thecomprehensive revitalization should focuson economic construction as the central focus with,pay special attention to gra sp the implementation of five

46、 developme nt concepts,dee pening reform andpromoti ng the all-round opening up, ensuring and improvingpeople's livelihood, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, "five priorities", play developme nt mix. To with new development conce pt measure work, and command actio

47、n, and training ca dres, in implement implementation new developme nt concept in the looking for opportunities, and buildhighlig hts, and expa nd advantage; to fulldeepening reform, break bound the aspectscreated vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspe cts opening, partic

48、ipation "in t he ca st Russian Economic Corridor" construction; to guarantees and impr oved livelihood, strongly w on povertybattle; to strengthe ning ecologicalcivilizaton constructi on, forsustainablfor future generations left skybl ue, a nd t o gree n, and water cle ar ofbetter homes.We

49、 must in-depth implementimplementation new developme nt concept, insisted to e conomic construction forCenter, firmly caughtdevelopmentthis first priority, absorbed make construction, heartno di stractions caughtdevelopme nt, speed up development "sixbig industry", in-depth im plementation

50、 "three bigengineering", activecreate "two bigenvironment",out of a article quality more hig h, a ndbe nefits bette r, a ndstruct ure moreexcellent of transformation developme nt of r oad.o strengthenecological construction. On March22, thedeep restructuring examined and adopted

51、the opinion on perfectingcompensation mechanism of ecologicalprote ction,proposed to explorethe establi shmecompensation coverage, the ecological adva ntages of the region willbe further highlighted.We need to go green eco-building , as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of ma

52、in function region construction requirements, car eful implementation and Xiaoxi ng ' an mountains forestecol ogicalprotection and economic restructuring plan for theconstruction of skyblue, . Acts prohibited bypicki ng up the remainingwells i n standing timber.o focus on forest resourceconservation, increase the acquisition a nd supervision of coldstorage, nobuy