主謂一致的講解最全面的主謂一致的講解

1、主謂一致的講解一、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)的主謂一致1 .由and連接主語時(shí)And連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)根據(jù)意義或概念確定謂 語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)1)并列主語表示 不同的人、物或概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用 復(fù)數(shù)Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪漢和調(diào)皮的小男孩也趕到那里尋找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this ar

2、ea.2)并列主語表示同一個(gè)人、物或概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在會(huì)上發(fā)言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新聞?dòng)浾呒孀骷襀is lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律師兼大學(xué)時(shí)代的朋友陪他去歐洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the s

3、tate banquet.總理兼外長比較：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe.注意：指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，并列主語前只用一個(gè)冠詞，指不同的需要分別加冠詞，但兩個(gè)名詞具有分別的對立的意思時(shí)只需要一個(gè)冠詞即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主語前有

4、each, every, many a , no等修飾時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients.Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有權(quán)參力口Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the

5、same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.沒有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞但是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義翻譯為很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主語為不可分的整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法規(guī)制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已經(jīng)被洗好War and peace is a constant th

6、eme in history 戰(zhàn)爭與和平是歷史永恒的主題 注意；常被視為主體的結(jié)構(gòu)A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 馬車A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法規(guī)A needle and thread 一套針線Fish and chips炸魚加炸薯?xiàng)lThe stars and stripes 星條旗2 .由(either)or或neither-nor等連接的主語時(shí)由either or, neithernor, or, not only but（also） 連接主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞 陳述句中就近 原則Either you o

7、r Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么簡被派往紐約Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜歡這首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part

8、 in the party.3 .主語由肯定否定兩部分構(gòu)成謂語跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、單一主語的主謂一致1.名詞本身自帶s作主語時(shí)1）學(xué)科名詞：physics 物理 mathematics/maths 數(shù)學(xué) economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) politics 政治學(xué) 新聞;news體操：GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科學(xué)中的一門基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科 Math

9、ematics is a required course for middle school students.數(shù)學(xué)是中學(xué)生的門必修課 Einstein once said , “ Politics is much more difficult than physics.” 注意：當(dāng)mathematics表示運(yùn)算時(shí) 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的運(yùn)算正確，答案就是56The television news is at 7 o 'clock in the evening every dayG

10、ymnastics is my sister's favourite sport2）有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同行根據(jù)是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)概念判斷謂語means方式方法aircraft飛機(jī) works 工廠 crossroads 十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 魚This works was build in 1982 這座工廠是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tr

11、ied3）由兩部分組成的物體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)chopsticks 筷子compasses圓規(guī)glasses 眼鏡gloves 手套Jeans牛仔褲pants褲子scissors 剪子shoes 鞋子shorts短褲socks短襪trousers 褲子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的褲子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果這些詞由單位詞 a a pair of, a suit of, a piece of, a kind of等）修飾時(shí)，單位詞 的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)

12、詞的單復(fù)數(shù)A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4）表示國家、人名、書名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5）以-s結(jié)尾的群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等專有名詞謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.

13、植物種類繁多 The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6）以-S結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)belongings 財(cái)產(chǎn) clothes 衣服 plasticsearnings 收入goods 貨物leavings 乘U余savings 儲(chǔ)存All the goods are very expensive.2 .集體名詞作主語時(shí)1） mankind, humanity, man作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹飪【注】mankind表示“人（類）”有時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，尤其是其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):Ma

14、nkind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動(dòng)物.2） people, police, cattle, youth等作主語時(shí)，只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The police are investigating the riot.正在調(diào)查暴舌 L 事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧場吃草Many cattle were killed for this.就因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族講時(shí)有復(fù)數(shù)形式.如：There are 56 peoples in China3） family, c

15、rowd等作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)概念確定謂語動(dòng)詞 這類集體名詞有：Army , assembly 議 會(huì)集會(huì) audience band class club committee company congress 議會(huì) youth crew 全體工作人員crowd enemy family gang 團(tuán)伙government group herd 牧群 jury population public team 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)謂 語強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體用復(fù)數(shù)謂語The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different opinions about

16、 their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比較：A family , a group , a class 做主語時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語Families, groups, classes 作主語時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語A group is coming to the zoo. 一隊(duì)人正朝著動(dòng)物園走來4） baggage / luggage（行李），clothing（衣服），furniture（家具），mach

17、inery（機(jī)器），poetry（詩）, scenery（風(fēng)景），jewelry（珠寶），equipment（設(shè)備）等,是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞（當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞）Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒 .Have you checked all your baggage?你所有行李都托運(yùn)了嗎 ？【注】 machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 等相應(yīng)的個(gè)體可數(shù)名詞是machine, poem, jewel,scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poet

18、ry（一首詩）,many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery（許多機(jī)器）.5） hair的用法hair（頭發(fā)，毛發(fā)）指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為集合名詞（不可數(shù)）；指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時(shí)，為個(gè)體名詞（可數(shù)）：My hair has grown very long.我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了 .The police found two hairs there.警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā) .6） fruit的用法fruit（水果）作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數(shù)的：He doesn' t eat much fruit.他不大吃水果.He is

19、 growing fruit in the country. 他在鄉(xiāng)下種水果 .但是，當(dāng)要表示種類時(shí)，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即a fruit指一種水果fruits指多種水果.比較: Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚.3 .非謂語動(dòng)詞或從句作主語時(shí)1）非謂語動(dòng)詞或從句作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地質(zhì)量需要投入大量的資金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will so

20、lve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2）多個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語，表達(dá)一個(gè)概念謂語用單數(shù)，表達(dá)不同概念謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health. 早睡早起一個(gè)概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.讀書和打乒乓球 Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all import

21、ant.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情況的主謂一致1 .表示距離、時(shí)間、長度、金額、質(zhì)量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)常被看作是整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單這類復(fù)數(shù)名詞有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms 公斤千克,kilometres 公里,centimetres,厘米millimetres 毫米,seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是個(gè)公道的價(jià)格Two kilomet

22、res is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2 .如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3 .算數(shù)中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，有時(shí)也用復(fù)數(shù)Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven lea

23、ves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4 .復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5 .each one of， every one of， anyone of，one of，等作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)Each of the gir

24、l in our class has a balloon 我們班每個(gè)女孩都有一個(gè)氣球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me.我對他們都很熟悉6 .each , every作形容詞修飾主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)但是each作復(fù)數(shù)主語的同位語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard 一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an En

25、glish-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7 .none of +不可數(shù)名詞 謂語用單數(shù)none of,neither of, +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)代詞+謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可數(shù)名詞None of his classmates knows the truth尸 None of his classmates know the truthNeither of the statements i

26、s true = Neither of the statements are true 兩種說法沒有個(gè)真實(shí)Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8 .neither與either做形容詞修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Either qualification is acceptable兩種資格中的任何一種都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9 .分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞，some of , plenty of,

27、a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of,all(of), half(of)謂語常與of后面的名詞一致分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)代詞 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of +單數(shù)名詞/單數(shù)代詞謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞Two thirds of the students support the plan 復(fù)數(shù)名詞One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness. 復(fù)數(shù)代詞Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea 單數(shù)名詞Eigh

28、ty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分?jǐn)?shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分?jǐn)?shù)單數(shù)名詞The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10 .more()than one結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)More()than one+單數(shù)名詞 謂語用單數(shù)

29、More +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + than one謂語用復(fù)數(shù)More than two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 兩個(gè)以上的的白玫瑰開了11 .a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 謂語用復(fù)數(shù) 許多的The number of +名詞 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 的數(shù)量A number of trees are green in April

30、A great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12 .there/here引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)就近原則There are some chairs

31、and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13 .當(dāng)主語后接修飾語時(shí)With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than,謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作為禮物送給了這個(gè)國家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 聽報(bào)告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一個(gè)人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再?zèng)]有其