高考英語(yǔ)吳軍超級(jí)閱讀理解教案(共31頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2013高考英語(yǔ)吳軍超級(jí)閱讀理解教案緊抓主題句，快速理解全文無(wú)論是讀書(shū)，還是看報(bào)紙，我們首先見(jiàn)到的就是一篇文章的標(biāo)題。然而，在高考中，英語(yǔ)閱讀理解文章往往沒(méi)有標(biāo)題?？梢詮难芯课恼碌闹黝}句入手，根據(jù)主題句快速識(shí)別文體，從而抓住文章的中心，推測(cè)出全文的內(nèi)容。英語(yǔ)文章一般是按“總分總”這樣一種思路來(lái)寫(xiě)的，也就是說(shuō)，文章的第1 句或第 2 句 多半為“總寫(xiě)”，為文章的主題句(topic sentence)，后面的文字就圍繞它展開(kāi)論述；而最后一句(尾句)或倒數(shù)第 2 句，就是在論述的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行總結(jié)，得出結(jié)論或發(fā)出感慨。同樣，往往每一段的第 1 句 又為這一段的主題句；末尾的句子

2、又為這一段的結(jié)論。因此，在一定程度上考生可以從首尾句入手，推測(cè)全文的內(nèi)容，從而迅速理解全文。當(dāng)然，有些文章的主題句并不在句子的首、尾，而在文章的中間；有的文章甚至沒(méi)有主題句，這就要求考生靈活處理。 快速瀏覽全文，抓住事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)是作者的思想和觀點(diǎn)的有力證據(jù)，是作者所寫(xiě)文章的重要依據(jù)。細(xì)節(jié)是使文章連成整體的主要手段，是使文章充滿活力的重要方式。換句話說(shuō)，事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是文章的血和肉。不論事件多么驚人，也不論觀點(diǎn)如何新奇，若沒(méi)有事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，這篇文章就顯得空洞無(wú)力。高考中，很多問(wèn)題就是考查考生對(duì)事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的把握，因此，在了解了文體特點(diǎn)和通過(guò)文章首尾句掌握了文章的中心和主要內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，必須快速瀏覽全文

3、，抓住文中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。并且在瀏覽的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文后面的問(wèn)題和選項(xiàng)，將與之有關(guān)的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)用筆一一畫(huà)出，且標(biāo)明其題的序號(hào)，以便研究答題。 抓住相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)，快速弄清作者的思想相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)分為兩大類：其一是關(guān)鍵詞，即名詞、動(dòng)詞、數(shù)詞和形容詞等實(shí)詞，根據(jù)這些詞語(yǔ)就能夠看出句子或文章的主要內(nèi)容；其二是信息詞，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(may, must, can, have)，副詞(yet, however, therefore, otherwise，carefully, seriously 等)、連詞(but, while, though, if 等)等虛詞和短語(yǔ)(as if / though, on the co

4、ntrary, by contrast, even if / though, in spite of 等)，根據(jù)這些詞語(yǔ)就能夠推斷出文章中人物的精神狀態(tài)或作者的目的、意圖、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、態(tài)度及文章的邏輯關(guān)系。  研究重點(diǎn)，突破難點(diǎn)在閱讀過(guò)程中，碰到一些難以理解的問(wèn)題，是非常正常的事情。高考中的閱讀畢竟是一種信息性的閱讀，只要能提取正確的信息就足夠了，因此對(duì)于那些不影響閱讀的問(wèn)題，就不必理會(huì)。在閱讀過(guò)程中，碰到一些難以理解的問(wèn)題，是非常正常的事情。這時(shí)，不必驚慌，而應(yīng)冷。只有當(dāng)它們影響了對(duì)句子或文章的理解、特別是當(dāng)它們影響問(wèn)題的解決時(shí)，我們才在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)這些難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究，加以分

5、析、解決。閱讀中的難點(diǎn)主要可以分為 3 類：生詞、長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜句子、英美文化障礙。 (1) 猜測(cè)生詞詞義：閱讀中碰到生詞時(shí)，首先應(yīng)根據(jù)句子的意思判斷出此單詞的詞性及其感情色彩和其在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?；然后根?jù)我們平常所學(xué)的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，聯(lián)系上下文和平時(shí)積累的常識(shí)，來(lái)推測(cè)這個(gè)單詞的意義。并且猜測(cè)單詞時(shí)，沒(méi)有必要猜測(cè)出其準(zhǔn)確的意義，只要能猜出其大概意義即可。 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義：我們所學(xué)過(guò)的構(gòu)詞法主要有 3 種：派生法、轉(zhuǎn)化法和合成法。Most seaweed is red and brown in color. (seaweed由sea與weed合成，意為“海草”)Invariably the bac

6、kground was the same. (invariably由in + vary + able + ly 構(gòu)成，意為“不可改變地”)Youll be punished if you desert rubbish everywhere. (desert 由名詞 desert 轉(zhuǎn)化而成，意為“丟棄”) 根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)詞義：我們可利用定義、解釋、重述、用途、同義詞、反義詞、同義結(jié)構(gòu)、反義結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)猜測(cè)單詞。Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our c

7、rops and kill our flocks and herds. (由 devour 與后面動(dòng)詞 kill的并列結(jié)構(gòu)得知 devour 意為“毀壞”)Wood and skins have easily rotted away, but stone doesnt decay. (根據(jù) but 的反義結(jié)構(gòu)可知 decay 意為“腐爛”) 根據(jù)常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義：我們可根據(jù)所學(xué)的知識(shí)及生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)單詞。根據(jù)常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義：His name was Napoleon Bonaparte, and he finally became Emperor of France. (由常識(shí)“拿破侖是法國(guó)的皇帝”

8、可知 Emperor 意為“皇帝”)Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport. (由句子的意義可看出alpinist 意為“把登山作為體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的人”)(2) 分析理解長(zhǎng)而難的句子：英語(yǔ)文章中，有時(shí)為了使表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、語(yǔ)言嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，往往采用插入語(yǔ)、分隔結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、同位結(jié)構(gòu)、省略結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)及 it 的句型再加上并列復(fù)合句、主從復(fù)合句，使句子很長(zhǎng)而結(jié)構(gòu)紛繁復(fù)雜，給閱讀理解帶來(lái)了很大的困難。然而，考生們不要慌張，對(duì)于這類句子應(yīng)從句子的層次入手，先抓主句的主干，即：主、謂、賓、補(bǔ)、

9、狀，再理清其枝葉，即從句及其他修飾成分。It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and sit have been continuously deposited

10、(沉積), that bodies and the can be rapidly covered over and preserved.這個(gè)句子是由 and 連接兩個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的并列句。第 1 個(gè)并列句子的主句為：It is animals and plants that lived in or near water，它的后面帶了一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句：for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial，而句子中whose所引導(dǎo)的句子是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，隔位修飾前面的animals and plants 而不是 water

11、； 第 2 個(gè)并列句子的主句為：it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved，而 where 所引導(dǎo)的句子為定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)前面的the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes 進(jìn)行修飾。通過(guò)上面的分析，這個(gè)長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子也就不難理解：那些它們的尸體很可能被保存起來(lái)的動(dòng)物和植物正是生活在水邊或水里，因?yàn)?，被保存的一個(gè)必要條件就是被迅速掩埋；也只有在海里或河里，有時(shí)在湖里

12、，這些地方由于泥沙不停地沉積，尸體及此類東西才很快被掩埋，從而得到保存。(3) 消除英美文化障礙：雖然，對(duì)英美文化的了解是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的積累過(guò)程，但是，對(duì)于具體的文化障礙，我們可以從上下文的語(yǔ)境中去理解，或通過(guò)中西方文化的比較或用生活的常識(shí)加以分析理解。如：These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries. (大家知道，自行車輪胎若粘滿了泥沙，車就不能前進(jìn)，那么，put sa

13、nd in the wheels of trade 就意味著“阻礙貿(mào)易的進(jìn)行”)  綜合分析，確保無(wú)誤在做完閱讀理解題后，在時(shí)間允許的情況下，一定要再次通讀全文，對(duì)文章的中心、主旨及事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)、寫(xiě)作方法等進(jìn)行綜合分析。同時(shí)，根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容、作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、寫(xiě)作目的及文章中的舉例、細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)問(wèn)題和答案進(jìn)行細(xì)心的核對(duì)，檢查選項(xiàng)是否過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)、以偏概全或部分真實(shí)，從而消除理解上的失誤，確保答案的正確。解題技巧：就近原則尋找信息線索；選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間年代時(shí)，往往要注意與原文中年代的前后對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)代詞時(shí)，往往該選項(xiàng)不能放在首句，要注意指代成立的條件。絕對(duì)選項(xiàng)常是干擾項(xiàng)，意思太泛太窄要小心；警

14、惕無(wú)關(guān)離題詞，兩項(xiàng)相近有答案；選項(xiàng)對(duì)比原文時(shí)，與原文重復(fù)或同義改寫(xiě)的字越多的往往就是正確選項(xiàng)；總體觀、相互補(bǔ)，做題不用按順序，選先做易后做難，莫忘近鄰上下文；放在段尾的名字有時(shí)也會(huì)有提示詞：因果連詞；總結(jié)性連詞；轉(zhuǎn)折性連詞具體策略：注意支干詞數(shù)最多的選項(xiàng)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，支干項(xiàng)越長(zhǎng)，詞數(shù)越多，所包含的信息就越多越全面，當(dāng)然正確性就越大。對(duì)付論述性的文章或科技知識(shí)的理解，運(yùn)用此法特別有效。 暫緩考慮含有all，every，whole，completely，certainly，surely等詞的選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)檫@些詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思太絕對(duì)，常常有悖于邏輯。 重視含有perhaps，maybe，almost，pos

15、sibly，probably等詞的選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)檫@些詞語(yǔ)使表達(dá)比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，邏輯上成立，符合常理，因而正確率高。 留心“Both A and C”，“All above”或“None”此類的選項(xiàng)，答案的可能性較大，因?yàn)樗鼈儼男畔⑤^多。 關(guān)注：“We don't know.”、“It is not talked about in the passage.”或“We are not sure about this.”這樣的選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榇祟愡x項(xiàng)的表述十分巧妙，讓你忙乎了半天找不到答案，最后再以這樣的表述跟你開(kāi)個(gè)玩笑，使你難以置信，不敢下手，實(shí)際上很可能它就是正確答案。 含something，cer

16、tain，somebody等不定代詞變化的是解change，delay，improve，postpone，increase重要的、根本的、基礎(chǔ)的是解 important，real base，be based on，on the basis of簡(jiǎn)單的、具體的不是解，復(fù)雜的、概括的、抽象的經(jīng)常是解；照抄原文的不是解，同義替換的經(jīng)常是解；合理項(xiàng)經(jīng)常不是解，不合理項(xiàng)經(jīng)常是解。字面意義的不是解，深刻含義的可能是解。含義相互矛盾的經(jīng)常是解，絕對(duì)的一般不是解(如must，always，never，the most all，only，any，none，entirely)。含義肯定的一般不是解，含義不肯定的經(jīng)

17、常是解。不肯定的詞：can，could，may，usually，might，most，more or less，nearly，not enough，suggest，partial一、定位1、題干選項(xiàng)：數(shù)字、年代 大寫(xiě)字母 生僻且復(fù)雜的詞（專業(yè)詞匯） 中心概念（相關(guān)、相近），一般前三種情況出現(xiàn)的較多。2、順序原則：即出題順序與文章段落一般情況下是一直的，但也有例外。二、題型1、詞匯題問(wèn)法：The word/phrase “.”（line paragraph ）most probably was 單詞：A超綱詞，考本意 B常見(jiàn)詞，考轉(zhuǎn)意；短語(yǔ)：全部考轉(zhuǎn)意做法：返回原文，找到核心詞；注意核心詞附近相

18、同詞性的內(nèi)容；結(jié)合上下文，注意同位語(yǔ)，特別標(biāo)點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句及前后綴。注意：短語(yǔ)題中字面意思的選項(xiàng)永遠(yuǎn)是錯(cuò)的另：相鄰兩句間關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折并列或順接More American people take their troubles with them on holiday, according to a new survey. Although 40 percent said that the main reason for going away is to escape pressure(壓力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they d

19、o at home. Only four in every 100 said that they are happy and free of care.The underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means _. A. research              B. review        &#

20、160;    C. exhibition           D. examinationRobert Shostak says the electronic museum is mostly for art or computer students at schools and universities. Many of the pictures in the museum are made by students. Mr. Shostak said the F

21、IU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it. He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an audience. And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for the electronic museum.The words “audience” in the last

22、paragraph refer to .A. art students B. computer ownersC. exhibits in the museum D. those who will enjoy artItalian sculptor and painter Michelangelo was one of the most remarkable artists who ever lived. Working in Rome and Florence in the early 1500s, he produced both religious and secular art that

23、 is still marveled at today. But it appears that Michelangelo could be his own harshest (苛刻的)critic(評(píng)論家).The word “secular” means_.A. holy B. worldly(世俗的) C. mediocre(低劣的) D. excellentLAST week's decision by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to strip Pluto(冥王星) of its planetary status,

24、held since its discovery in 1930, has saddened those with a strong love of it.Which word similar to “strip” in meaning?Areduce Bdecrease Ccross out Dleave In 1912, Picasso actually invented a new type of art . He painted a picture , then he pasted bits of paper and something else on the picture .Thi

25、s type of art is called collage (拼貼藝術(shù)). The meaning of the underlined word “pasted” in the third paragraph means “ ”.Astuck with Bstruck on Cdrew Dmixed with 關(guān)于詞匯題要考的詞：白詞（即認(rèn)識(shí)的）灰詞（為不考本意的詞）以下為灰詞的總結(jié)！import重要性、意義、含義 understand知性 reason理性 reasoning推理knowledge知道、知曉 term條件；措辭 industry產(chǎn)業(yè) law法規(guī)、規(guī)則act法案 commu

26、nity社會(huì) agent動(dòng)因 productivity經(jīng)濟(jì)implication影響（本義：暗示） code法則，準(zhǔn)則 politics斗爭(zhēng)，手腕 might力量tip指導(dǎo)，忠告插圖，插頁(yè) sport（動(dòng)）夸耀 spell（名）=period keep（名）生計(jì)exercise（動(dòng)）施加影響 measure法案 passage通過(guò)leave（名）休假；（動(dòng)）使得，讓（如leave the window open） word（名）消息；（動(dòng)）措辭黑詞（即不認(rèn)識(shí)的）推斷方法：下定義，標(biāo)志詞：A is/means/refers to，用定義法這一更直白的解釋方法來(lái)對(duì)生詞進(jìn)行解釋，此法通常涉及的動(dòng)詞有

27、 be, mean, deal with, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as 等。Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.只要讀懂句意，并結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，便可知 annealing 的意思是“退火”。Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定義可知，anthropology 的意思是“研究人類的科學(xué)”，即“人類學(xué)”。同位語(yǔ)：A, one o

28、f .Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite kind and modest. 句中的 supercilious 是個(gè)生詞，但是句中短語(yǔ) in contrast(相對(duì)照的，相對(duì)比的)告訴我們 supercilious 告訴我們和后面詞組 kind and modest(友好又謙虛)是對(duì)比關(guān)系，由此可知 supercilious 的意思是“傲慢的，目空一切的”。有時(shí)盡管未對(duì)生詞進(jìn)行直接的解釋，但可能在生詞后舉出了一些相關(guān)的例子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，若對(duì)這些例子進(jìn)行適當(dāng)歸納，即使

29、不能完全猜測(cè)出生詞的詞義，也能猜測(cè)出其大致意義。英語(yǔ)中表示舉例說(shuō)明的方式通常有 such as, suchas, like, for example, for instance 等。Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys. 句中說(shuō)像 dogs 和 monkeys 之類的 creatures，由此可知 creatures的意思應(yīng)是“動(dòng)物”。近義詞：A or B（A與B不一定是近義詞，可能毫不相關(guān)） A, or B、A and B（A與B絕對(duì)是近義詞）有時(shí)文章中出現(xiàn)的生詞可能與其他幾個(gè)我們熟悉的詞語(yǔ)同屬一個(gè)類別，此時(shí)可以利用這種類屬關(guān)系推測(cè)

30、出生詞的大概詞義。Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.句中的 Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)火星Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但我們只要知道 planet(行星)便可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星”這一義域。The dromedary, like all other desert animals, can go for long periods of time without drinking water. 句中的 like all othe

31、r desert animals 告訴我們 dromedary 指的是“一種沙漠里的動(dòng)物”，即“單峰駱駝”。解釋：A is that is （后一個(gè)is后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)A的解釋）/That is（是對(duì)上一句尾句名詞的解釋）同義解釋法有時(shí)文章中盡管出現(xiàn)有生詞，但作者可能以某種方式對(duì)生詞進(jìn)行了解釋，如利用 or, that is (to say), in other words, namely 等釋義性詞語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋，或利用破折號(hào)、同位語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句等解釋。若能充分利用這種同義解釋的關(guān)系，便可輕易地猜測(cè)出生詞的詞義。But sometimes, no rain falls for a

32、long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought. 句中的 or 告訴我們：drought 與 a dry period 同義，即表示“同義，即表示干旱，旱災(zāi)”。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，（）和We are on the night shift from midnight to 8 am this week.兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)清楚地表明 night shift 是“夜班”的意思?！癐ts important to let children experience the reality of death, if it can be done in an atm

33、osphere of love and caring. A child whose sibling, parent or grandparent is seriously ill can be made to feel helpful by being allowed to run errands(跑腿). Even a very young child can comfort a sick loved one with a cheering visit.” Judging from the passage, the underlined word “sibling” in the parag

34、raph probably means . A. friend B. brother or sister C. cousin D. relative 答案B。猜測(cè)sibling這個(gè)詞時(shí)，需要注意它是與parent or grandparent一起羅列出來(lái)的，這是通過(guò)列舉歸納的方法來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義的很好的例子。sibling, parent or grandparent都與孩子有親屬關(guān)系，從這樣的列舉我們不難推斷sibling應(yīng)當(dāng)是“兄弟姐妹”。構(gòu)詞法（in-只有三對(duì)不表相反義，如下：）flammable可燃的 inflammable易燃valuable有價(jià)值的 invaluable價(jià)值不菲的基本構(gòu)詞

35、法即根據(jù)基本的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)來(lái)推測(cè)生詞的詞義。基本的構(gòu)詞法包括前綴、后綴、復(fù)合等，若平時(shí)積累了一定的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)并在考試時(shí)充分運(yùn)用，效果有時(shí)是十分明顯的。Overwork may cause diseases. 前綴 over- 的意思是 over- “過(guò)分的，過(guò)量的”，故 overwork 的意思應(yīng)為“工作過(guò)度”。Bullfight is very popular in Spain.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：bullfight= bull(公牛) + fight(打，搏斗)。根據(jù)常識(shí)：斗牛是西班牙一種頗為流行的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此可知 bullfight 意為“斗?！?。定語(yǔ)從句The herdsman, who lo

36、oks after sheep, earns about 5,000 yuan a year.定語(yǔ)從句 who looks after sheep 表明 herdsman 的詞義為“牧羊人”牧羊人。If left to himself, he would have whistled ( 吹口哨) life away in perfect satisfaction; but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness (懶散). Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going,

37、so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the paragraph probably means a man who_. A. likes hunting B. is afraid of hens C. loves his wife D. is afraid of his wife答案D。henpecke

38、d husband是通過(guò)前文事例，最后做出的歸納。進(jìn)行猜詞時(shí)，要分析文段所描述的人物特點(diǎn)：自己待著，無(wú)拘無(wú)束，其樂(lè)融融；而他的妻子卻總會(huì)為他的懶散而惱怒，整天嘮叨他，結(jié)果他不得已跑出家去。這種表現(xiàn)明顯的是“氣管炎”，怕老婆.前后對(duì)比，如：on the other hand；contras；on the contrary；轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后對(duì)比法有時(shí)作者對(duì)文章中的生詞給出了一定的對(duì)比背景，并且這種背景通常以反義或?qū)φ盏姆绞匠霈F(xiàn)。表示這種對(duì)比的詞和短語(yǔ)主要有 unlike, not, but, while, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast to wit

39、h, compared with, used to, on the other hand 等。He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)句中的 not at all as handsome 可推知 homely 的意思是“不英俊，不漂亮”。American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.第一句說(shuō) expect employees to be punctual，而第

40、二句說(shuō) not expect that the workers will come late，顯然 punctual 應(yīng)為 come late 之反義，即表示“準(zhǔn)時(shí)，不遲到”。Jacob Blitzstein surprised his fellow students all the time. He isnt some stuffy guy, though he wears his neat gray beard and conservative (traditional) clothes. The word “stuffy” in the paragraph means _. A. old

41、-fashioned B. respectable C. narrow-minded D. fat答案A。stuffy后面有一個(gè)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明出現(xiàn)了反義信息，但是stuffy前面又有not，說(shuō)明stuffy就是wears his neat gray beard and conservative (traditional) clothes傳遞出的信息，因此選擇old-fashioned“傳統(tǒng)的，守舊的”。常識(shí) 許多生詞的猜測(cè)要求我們利用一定的生活常識(shí)和學(xué)科常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理、分析。如： Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detr

42、imental to our health. “吸煙有害健康”，這是眾人皆知的常識(shí)，由此可知 detrimental 的意思應(yīng)該是“有害的”。The snake slithered through the grass.根據(jù)有關(guān)蛇的生活習(xí)性的知識(shí)，我們可以推斷出 slither 的意思是“爬行”。根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)境情景進(jìn)行分析和推理，從而猜測(cè)出生詞的詞義。我們平時(shí)說(shuō)“詞不離句”，講的就是對(duì)于詞語(yǔ)的正確理解依賴于一定的句子(包括上下文)情景。所以同學(xué)們?cè)诓聹y(cè)生詞詞義時(shí)，一定要認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，對(duì)生詞進(jìn)行合情合理同時(shí)又合乎上下文語(yǔ)境的推測(cè)。如：情景。Have you got a piec

43、e of bread or something? Im really famished.根據(jù)上文問(wèn)句的內(nèi)容可以斷定 famished 的意思是“饑餓的”，相當(dāng)于 very hungry。The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可知 lintel 的意思應(yīng)該是“過(guò)梁”。All the other members are of the same opinion. They are unanimous.根據(jù)上文 All the other members are of the same opinion unanimous

44、 的意思應(yīng)該是“意見(jiàn)一致的，無(wú)異議的”。The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent, and the player could never play the sport again.根據(jù) and the player could never play the sport again 可推知 permanent 的意思為“永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的”。Johnson looked like a man wanted in Los Angeles for robbery, so

45、the police detained him at San Pedro for the night.The next day, Johnson telephoned his friends in Los Angeles. They drove to San Pedro and made the police believe that Johnson was a harmless salesman, so they set him free. The underlined word “detained” probably means _. A. caught B. controlled C.

46、kept D. hurtC。detained前面出現(xiàn)了a man wanted(被通緝的人)，the police(警察局)；它的下面又出現(xiàn)了at San Pedro for the night(在San Pedro過(guò)一夜)，綜合分析上下文的信息，應(yīng)當(dāng)是拘留，也就是用kept一詞，注意不能用caught，這是個(gè)動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，表示“逮著了”，但不能說(shuō)“逮著了一夜”。因果推斷 有時(shí)對(duì)生詞詞義的猜測(cè)需要結(jié)合上下文的因果關(guān)系來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷，既可以是根據(jù)原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，也可以是根據(jù)結(jié)果推測(cè)原因。英語(yǔ)中通常用于表示因果關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)有 because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a re

47、sult, of course, therefore, so suchthat 等。There were so many people in the square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.根據(jù)句中的 so many people in the square，可知結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的 elbow 意為“擠，擠過(guò)”。You shouldnt reproach him for that, for it wasnt his fault.根據(jù)句中的 for it wasnt his fault(那不是他的錯(cuò) fAN>)，可推知 re

48、proach 的意思應(yīng)是“責(zé)備”。  2、舉例題問(wèn)法：The example of “” in the passage is used to When mentioning “”, the author is talking about結(jié)論是例子所服務(wù)的對(duì)象，例子所說(shuō)明的道理做法：結(jié)合例子，精讀例子前面一句話注意：例子里的細(xì)節(jié)信息不能出現(xiàn)在正確選項(xiàng)里另：如果出現(xiàn)一個(gè)結(jié)論，下面有A、B、C、D四個(gè)順序出現(xiàn)的例子，問(wèn)D例子說(shuō)明了什么。也就是說(shuō)為結(jié)論服務(wù)的例子不止一個(gè)時(shí)，要在第一個(gè)例子里面找結(jié)論，這個(gè)結(jié)論而往往是段首句。再如問(wèn)A（第16行）與B（第22行）兩個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明什么，此是A與B

49、必服務(wù)于一個(gè)結(jié)論，因此A與B之間的內(nèi)容不必看，直接找A前面的句子。竅門：當(dāng)support/show/reveal/demonstrate/strengthen出現(xiàn)時(shí)看看是否是結(jié)論中的某個(gè)詞的同義變換3主題題問(wèn)法：mainly discuss/mainly about/best title不論題目出現(xiàn)在什么位置，一定要最后做做法：綜合各段首句，如果第一段有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，重點(diǎn)往往在轉(zhuǎn)折詞后面；名詞性詞組和文章的高頻詞匯是主體內(nèi)容；如；若文章有主題句，則與主題句相對(duì)應(yīng)的為正確答案，對(duì)于A問(wèn)題答案型：如01.59；B花開(kāi)兩朵型：文章有兩個(gè)核心概念，圍繞展開(kāi)論述，又分為：a并進(jìn)型：在第一段提出兩個(gè)核心概念，下

50、面并重地對(duì)兩個(gè)核心概念進(jìn)行論述，要找兩個(gè)概念間的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系，如94.54；b大花小花型：重點(diǎn)找大花（從文章篇幅就能看出）。注意：首段陷阱，如94.58、94.61、98.70；逆向思維，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)相似的進(jìn)行排除；主題干擾選項(xiàng)：A局部信息：選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容小于文章內(nèi)容 B范圍過(guò)寬，選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容遠(yuǎn)大于文章內(nèi)容In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant

51、. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. What is the subject discussed in the text? A. The writers unhappy school life B. The writers eagerness to earn moneyC. The writers experience as a full-time worker D. The writers hard work in an apple plan

52、t4指代題問(wèn)法：it/they/them做法：返回原文，找出出題的指代詞；向上搜索，找最近的名詞性短語(yǔ)或句子；將找到的詞、詞組或句子替換為該指代詞，看其意思是否通暢；將找到的詞、詞組或句子與選項(xiàng)相比較，找出最佳答案。Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had

53、not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以預(yù)見(jiàn)的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning,

54、involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation What does the underlined word “this” refer to?A. Great contributions to the society. B. Long-time study of the subject matter.C. Various statements about problem solving. D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.選B。此題答答案的直接依據(jù)是文章中的M

55、any creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 這兩句話。從句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，this在此指代的應(yīng)是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the

56、 problem, often over fairly long periods of time，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有B與之吻合，因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)中的long-time與原文中的over fairly long periods of time屬同義表達(dá)，選項(xiàng)中的study of the subject matter 與原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem屬同義表達(dá)。 注意：要半個(gè)分句半個(gè)分句地（即以逗號(hào)為準(zhǔn)）向上找對(duì)應(yīng)成份5細(xì)節(jié)題定位：同義變換：換同義詞；句式注意：絕對(duì)化語(yǔ)言往往是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)（其他題目也適應(yīng)），沒(méi)有原文根據(jù)的

57、絕對(duì)化語(yǔ)言為錯(cuò)誤答案最高級(jí)：-est，most，least，順序最高級(jí)first，last，at most；唯一性：only，sole(ly)，unique(ly)，exclusive(ly)，aloneTuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi))Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: Accommodation(住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, w

58、hich will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250        B. $8,000         C. $9,000          D. $11,000 根據(jù)Tuition fees一節(jié)的內(nèi)容可知，一年的學(xué)費(fèi)最低為5,000美元，再根據(jù)Accommodation(住宿)一節(jié)可知，除學(xué)費(fèi)外，還有住宿費(fèi)(每月100美元)和生活費(fèi)(每月150美元)，即一年大約共3,000美元，所以在WaiKa