第二節(jié)———名詞與主謂一致

1、1/392/39(一一)名詞的分類名詞的分類3一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練專有名詞名詞個(gè)體名詞 girl, desk, book集體名詞 family, people, cattle, police, class, group, team物質(zhì)名詞 steel, tea, water, bread, beef, equipment, luggage, furniture抽象名詞 happiness, hope, weather, education, fun普通名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞名詞3/39(二二)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則3一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練1. 一般名詞只需在

2、末尾加上-s, 清輔音后讀【s】、元音及濁輔音后讀【z】。2. 以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的詞加-es, 讀【iz】。3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞, 把y改成i, 再加-es, 讀【iz】。4. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞, 大部分要將f改成v再加-es, 讀【vz】。5. 以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的名詞多數(shù)加-es, 如下：6. Heroes and Negroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes. 但photo, piano, kilo等只加-s。4/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練6. 下列屬不規(guī)則變化變中間元音字母的詞： tooth-teeth, mous

3、e-mice有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)相同：sheep, fish, deer, Japanese, Chinese等。有些名詞習(xí)慣用復(fù)數(shù)形式：trousers, clothes, shorts, shoes, stairs等。有些名詞雖然以s結(jié)尾, 但是是單數(shù)概念, 如：physics, politics, maths, news等。(二二)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則5/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練7. 合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù), 一般只將主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù), 如：two bus-drivers, two reading-rooms, three grown-ups等, 但如果有man 和woma

4、n 作修飾成分時(shí), 兩者都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù), 如： some men drivers, several women writers等。(二二)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則6/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練1. 分類意義分類意義air pollution 空氣污染 boyfriend 男朋友coffee cup 咖啡杯 income tax 所得稅tennis ball 網(wǎng)球 Nobel Prize 諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)body language 肢體語言 road accident 交通事故(三三)名詞作定語名詞作定語2. 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼等時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼等Doctor Jack 杰克醫(yī)生 Pr

5、ofessor Li 李教授evening school 夜校 winter sleep 冬眠street dance 街舞 country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂China problem 中國問題 school education 學(xué)校教育7/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練3. 表目的、手段、來源、材料、所屬意義表目的、手段、來源、材料、所屬意義reception desk 接待臺(tái) book case 書架stone table 石桌 color TV 彩電weather report 天氣預(yù)報(bào)(三三)名詞作定語名詞作定語名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式, 少數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。作定語的名詞常見的

6、有: sports shoes (clothing, meeting), a sales girl (manager, woman)等。 注意注意8/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練(三三)名詞作定語名詞作定語4. 含有名詞的合成詞作定語含有名詞的合成詞作定語, 名詞用單數(shù)。名詞用單數(shù)。a five-pound note, a six-minute walk, a seven-year-old boy, an eight-storey building, a 1000-word article9/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練some coffee 一些咖啡 three coff

7、ees 3 杯咖啡some drink 一些飲料 a drink 一杯飲料his hair 他的頭發(fā) a few grey hairs 幾根白發(fā)Glass 玻璃 a glass 一只玻璃杯Paper 紙 papers 報(bào)紙, 論文work 工作 works 著作, 作品; 工廠sand 沙子 sands 沙漠wood 木頭 woods 樹林force 力量 forces 軍隊(duì)(四四) 物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞的雙重性物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞的雙重性10/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練 注意注意(1)有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn), 起到一種豐富 語言感情色彩或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。Best wi

8、shes to you!Congratulations!Give my regards to your parents.Many thanks for your kindness.After many failures, they finally succeeded.(四四) 物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞的雙重性物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞的雙重性11/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練 注意注意(2)有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn), 表示數(shù)量多, 范圍之廣The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to

9、 the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.(3)抽象名詞具體化, 表示具體的人或事物。The party was a great success.What a surprise he gave me!The woman is a danger to society.(四四) 物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞的雙重性物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞的雙重性12/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練1. 有生命的名詞的所有格, 在其詞末加 “s”。the boys toy, mens work, the students reading room(五五) 名

10、詞所有格名詞所有格2. 除用于有生命的人外, “s”格還可用于時(shí)間、度量衡、 地域、天體及一些習(xí)語中。an hours drive 開車一小時(shí)的路程stones throw 投石之距離a miles journey 一英里的旅程ten pounds weight 10英鎊的重量Beijings weather 北京的天氣the earths surface 地球的表面13/393一.名詞 精精 講講 精精 練練3. 凡不能加“s”的名詞, 都可以用“名詞+of +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系, 如：the title of the song 歌的名字。(五五) 名詞所有格名詞所有格14/391.

11、 The environmentalists said wild goats a_on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.2. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the c_ in personality.3. Chinese arts have won the a _of a lot of people outside China.4. With the address to he

12、lp him, he had no d_ in finding the old mans house.3一.名詞 精精 練練 精精 講講一、根據(jù)句意寫出適當(dāng)?shù)拿~一、根據(jù)句意寫出適當(dāng)?shù)拿~ppearanceonflictppreciationifficulty15/393一.名詞 精精 練練 精精 講講5. I have come to know that k_ comes only from practice.6. Some famous singers live on the i _from their record sales.7. Shelly had prepared careful

13、ly for the English exam so that she could be sure of passing it on her first a_.8. What do you think of the s _that a meeting be held at once to discuss the tree planting program?nowledgencomettemptuggestion一、根據(jù)句意寫出適當(dāng)?shù)拿~一、根據(jù)句意寫出適當(dāng)?shù)拿~16/393一.名詞 精精 練練 精精 講講9. She is in a poor s _of health, which worri

14、es her mother a lot.10.Please dont ask me to play the piano in the concert. Im out of p_.11.Though the car was bought ten years ago, it is still in good c_.12.The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a s_ of courage and power.tateracticeymbolondition一、根據(jù)句意寫出適當(dāng)?shù)拿~一、根據(jù)句意寫出適當(dāng)?shù)拿~17/393一.名詞

15、 精精 練練 精精 講講13.It was the chief e_ of the world that year that the USA army attacked Iraq.14.Put the bottle of medicine high enough to make it out of r _of the children.15.On hearing the shots, the birds flew away in all d_.venteachirections一、根據(jù)句意寫出適當(dāng)?shù)拿~一、根據(jù)句意寫出適當(dāng)?shù)拿~18/391. He said that _(兩位女科學(xué)家) wo

16、uld come to our school the next day.2. The_ (屋頂) of the cottages were covered with yellow_ (樹葉).3. The old woman could not get on well with her_(女婿).4. The farmer had_(20頭牛), which he valued very much.3一.名詞 精精 練練 精精 講講二、根據(jù)句意翻譯括號中詞組二、根據(jù)句意翻譯括號中詞組two women scientistsson(s)-in-law roofstwenty heads of c

17、attleleaves19/395. The astronauts were busy_(做準(zhǔn)備) for the historic flight to the moon.6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought_(好幾件家具).7. Would you please pass me_(今天的報(bào)紙)？8. I t s u r p r i s e d u s a l l t h a t h e had_(取得這么大的進(jìn)步).3一.名詞 精精 練練 精精 講講二、根據(jù)句意翻譯括號中詞組二、根據(jù)句意翻譯括號中詞組making preparati

18、onsseveral pieces of furniture todays newspapermade such great progress20/399. Many scientists have believed that there may be_(生命的跡象) on Mars.10.H e a l s o i n d i c a t e d t h e r e w a s r e a l l y _ (很多改善的空間).11.Buses are _ (一種主要的交通工具) in cities.12.The company manager visited _ (一間又一間工廠).3一.名

19、詞 精精 練練 精精 講講二、根據(jù)句意翻譯括號中詞組二、根據(jù)句意翻譯括號中詞組 a sign of lifemuch room for improvementfactory after factorya major means of transportation21/3913.The professor has just finished _ (一件新的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)作品).14.The teacher of my brothers lives in the town which is only about _ (5分鐘的單車路程).15.Dont you think it is interesti

20、ng that _ (我妻子和女兒的生日) both fall on February 2?3一.名詞 精精 練練 精精 講講二、根據(jù)句意翻譯括號中詞組二、根據(jù)句意翻譯括號中詞組a new work on modern art five minutes bicycle ridemy wifes and my daughters birthdays22/391. 語法形式上一致語法形式上一致3二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：(1)當(dāng)主語帶有前置或后置定語或插入

21、語時(shí), 注意確定主語, 以下句中畫線部分為主語, 謂語應(yīng)與其保持一致。The number of students in our school is 1, 700.More than one student has seen the play.Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.Lots of damage was caused by flood.A number of students have gone to the countryside.23/39(1)當(dāng)主語帶有前置或后置定語或插入語時(shí), 注意確定主語, 以下句中畫線部分為主語, 謂語應(yīng)與其保

22、持一致。He, as well as the two girls, was absent from the meeting.The officer, rather than ministers, answers for it.Mary, along with her friends, is going abroad.The girl like many boys is fond of football.Everyone here, including old people, likes reading.1. 語法形式上一致語法形式上一致3二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、

23、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：24/391. 語法形式上一致語法形式上一致3二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：(2)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“half of, all of, part of, the rest of, most of, some of, any of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí), 其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。the

24、 food is fit to eat.the apples are fit to eat.work has been done.the works have been published. Most ofForty percent of the 25/391. 語法形式上一致語法形式上一致3二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：(3)當(dāng)量詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞形式看量詞的數(shù)而定。This pair of shoes needs mending.Two bottl

25、es of wine are needed.26/391. 語法形式上一致語法形式上一致3二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：(4)當(dāng)量詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞形式看量詞的數(shù)而定。This pair of shoes needs mending.Two bottles of wine are needed. 注意注意如果并列主語指的是同一個(gè)人, 同一事物或同一概念時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。Truth and honesty is t

26、he best policy.To love and to be loved is the great happiness.27/391. 語法形式上一致語法形式上一致3二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：(4)當(dāng)量詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞形式看量詞的數(shù)而定。This pair of shoes needs mending.Two bottles of wine are needed. 注意注意如果并列主語指的是同一個(gè)人, 同一事物或同一概念時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形

27、式, 這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.28/391. 語法形式上一致語法形式上一致3二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：(4)當(dāng)量詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞形式看量詞的數(shù)而定。This pair of shoes needs mending.Two bottles of wine are needed. 注意注意如果并列主語指的是同一個(gè)人, 同一事物或同一概

28、念時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。A knife and fork is on the table.The thief and murder was sentenced to death.29/393二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：(1)某些集體名詞如family、team等作主語時(shí), 如果作為一個(gè)整 體看待, 謂語用單數(shù), 如指集體中的成員時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)Her family is small, but the family are ad

29、vanced workers.這類名詞常用的有audience, class(班級), club, committee, company, crew(水手), crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等。2. 意義上一致意義上一致30/393二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：(2)當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金錢、時(shí) 間、書 名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí), 常把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體, 謂 語用 單數(shù)。

30、He is rich, so 1,000 dollars is a small sum of money to him.Five minutes is enough to finish the task.2. 意義上一致意義上一致31/393. 就近原則就近原則3二.主謂一致 精精 講講 精精 練練 英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵英語中謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面必須與主語保持一致。主要遵循以下三條原則：循以下三條原則：如果連詞or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等連接的并列主語, 如果一個(gè)是單數(shù), 一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動(dòng)

31、詞與靠近它的主語一致。Either you or I am mad.Not one student but ten students were late for class this morning.32/391. When and where to go_ (be) not decided. Where to go and how to get there_ (be) still unknown. To try and fail_ (be) better than not to. To mean to do something and to actually do something_ (b

32、e) two different things.2. The teacher and headmaster_ (be) in the office at the moment. The teacher and the headmaster_ (be) in the office at the moment. Bread and butter_ (be) a daily food in the west. Steam and ice_ (be ) different forms of water.is 精精 練練 精精 講講用括號中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空用括號中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 is3二.主謂一致

33、areare is isareare33/393. He is one of the students who_ (be) hard-working. He is the only one of the students who_ (be) hard-working. It was you not I, who_ (be) to blame.4. Mr Smith, together with her two sons,_ (be) entering the park. The poor woman with her two children_ (be) seen begging in a s

34、treet corner. Air as well as water_ (be) matter. The manager or his secretary_ (be) to give you an interview.is 精精 練練 精精 講講用括號中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空用括號中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 is3二.主謂一致areare is iswas34/395. Nobody but Jane and Mary_ (know) the secret. Many a child_ (have) lost their parents.6. The students each_ (have) a di

35、ctionary now. Each of the students_ (have) a dictionary now.7. 7. No teacher and no student_ (want) to see the film. Every desk and every chair_ (be) made of wood. Many a teacher and many a student_ (have) taken part in the heated discussion.8. _ (be) not only you but also he going to Beijing? Not only you but also he_ (be) going to Beijing.is 精精 練練 精精 講講用括號中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空用括號中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空3二.主謂一致knowshasAre iswantshavehashas35/399. The United Nations_ (be) an organization of independent countries. Mathema