現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、 The Present Perfect TenseSentence structure:主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去, ,并持續(xù)并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或者是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響到現(xiàn)在或者是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響. .經(jīng)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): recently, up to now, since then, so far, already, just, yet 等等.The Present Perfect Passive VoiceSentence structure: subject + have/ha

2、s +been+ doneIn what cases do we use the passive voice?1.不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。是誰(shuí)。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不是發(fā)出者。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不是發(fā)出者。肯定式肯定式 have/hasbeendone否定式否定式have/hasnotbeen+done疑問(wèn)式疑問(wèn)式 Have/Has主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)been+done? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系。有聯(lián)系。常與常與 alrea

3、dy, always, often, ever, never, yet, not.yet, just, since, for , now, today, this month, this year, these few days lately (近來(lái)近來(lái), 最近最近)recently (最近最近)so far (迄今為止迄今為止)up to now(到目前為止到目前為止)ever since(從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在)等。等。注意注意:1. 副詞的位置副詞的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等等副詞置于副詞置于have/has和和b

4、een中間。中間。 2. 并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1) 如： 誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.2) 如： 誤 The door has been opened of itself. 正 The door has opened of itself.3. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞 或副詞。如： The SARS patients have been taken good care of.4. 一些

5、特殊動(dòng)詞, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá) 相應(yīng)的意思， 則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。 如： My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?How many Harry Porter books has J.K.Row

6、ling written?She has written seven Harry Porter books .Seven Harry Porter books have been written by J.K.Rowling.The houses The houses have been destroyed have been destroyed by the storm.by the storm.電影電影畫(huà)皮畫(huà)皮是由陳是由陳嘉上最近導(dǎo)演的。嘉上最近導(dǎo)演的。Painted Skin has recently been directed by Chen Jiashang。1. Jay Chou

7、has put out many popular songs.Many songs have been put out by Jay Chou.2. his fans, Jays new songs, by, accept, already Jays new songs have already been accepted by his fans.Shenzhou _ (send up) on 25, September. And six Chinese astronauts _(send) into space so far.was sent uphave been sentMany old

8、 buildings _ (pull down) and new fences_ (build) in Shijiazhuang.have been pulled downhave been builtFill in the blanksEmmons _ to be the happiest person although he has failed many times.A.considered B.has considered C.is consideringD.has been consideredD1. We have been taught never to abandon or g

9、ive up anything by Xu Sanduo.Xu Sanduo has taught us never to abandon or give up anything.2.Wang Baoqiang has been achieved a great success. (true or false)Change the following sentences into active or passive voice.1. Liu Xiang has ever broken the world record.The world record has ever been broken

10、by Liu Xiang.2. The floor has been cleaned by my mother.My mother has cleaned the floor.3. Yao Ming has been pushed over by a fat basketball player.A fat basketball player has pushed Yao Ming over .4. I havent cleaned the room for weeks.The room hasnt been cleaned by me for weeks.5.We have been invi

11、ted to take part in his wedding.He has invited us to take part in his wedding.6.My father has given up smoking so far.Smoking has been given up so far.7.Someone has opened my bag.My bag has been opened by someone.8.All the letters have already been sent by the postmen.The postmen have already sent a

12、ll the letters.改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)1. A personal computer has bought by us. A personal computer has been bought by us.2. Many problems has been found in my new computer. Many problems have been found in my new computer.3. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. Our computer has just been joined to the in

13、ternet.4. The computer was used every day since we bought it. The computer has been used every day since we bought it.1.They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.4. They have made a plan to help the poor

14、 children in the poor area.5. The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.1. 臟衣服都已經(jīng)洗了。臟衣服都已經(jīng)洗了。(wash)The dirty clothes_. 2. 這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)由專(zhuān)家研究過(guò)三次了。這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)由專(zhuān)家研究過(guò)三次了。(study)_by the experts for three times.3. 這些年來(lái)這些年來(lái), 這個(gè)小孩一直由王奶奶照料。這個(gè)小孩一直由王奶奶照料。(take)_ _ by Grandma Wang all these years.4. 工作一完成

15、我們就立即動(dòng)身。工作一完成我們就立即動(dòng)身。(finish)Well start as soon as the work_.補(bǔ)充完整下列句子：補(bǔ)充完整下列句子：have been washed.The plan has been studiedThe child has been taken care ofhas been finished. .單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空1His sister left home in 1998，and _since.Ahad not been heard ofBhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas not heard

16、of解析：解析：句意為：他姐姐句意為：他姐姐1998年離家出走，從此杳無(wú)年離家出走，從此杳無(wú)音信。是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果，且根據(jù)句中音信。是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果，且根據(jù)句中since可可知本題需用（知本題需用（ ），同時(shí)根據(jù)），同時(shí)根據(jù)His sister與與 hear of之間之間可知需用（可知需用（ ）。）?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2Though we dont know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic_.Ahad changed Bwill changeCwas changed Dhas been changed解析：解析：句

17、意為：雖然我們不知道討論的內(nèi)容，但句意為：雖然我們不知道討論的內(nèi)容，但我們能感覺(jué)到討論的話題變了。我們能感覺(jué)到討論的話題變了。 Topic與與 change之間之間應(yīng)用（應(yīng)用（ ），又根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)要與），又根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)要與dont know保持保持一致且有一致且有yet 應(yīng)用（ ）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3Every possible means _to save the wounded soldier up to now.Awas tried Bwere triedChave been tried Dhas been tried解析：解析：由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)up to now可知應(yīng)用可

18、知應(yīng)用（ ）。另外，主語(yǔ)）。另外，主語(yǔ)means與與try之間為之間為（ ）關(guān)系。）關(guān)系。means為單復(fù)數(shù)同形的單詞，由為單復(fù)數(shù)同形的單詞，由其前的其前的every可知此處作（可知此處作（ ）名詞。故選）名詞。故選D項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)單數(shù)單數(shù)4The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already.Asell；have been sold outBsold；had sold out Csell；sell outDare sold；have been sold out解析：解析：第一空第一空sell說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性

19、質(zhì)，為不及物動(dòng)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，為不及物動(dòng)詞用法，應(yīng)用（詞用法，應(yīng)用（ ）語(yǔ)態(tài)；第二空根據(jù)副詞）語(yǔ)態(tài)；第二空根據(jù)副詞already可知可知“已賣(mài)完了已賣(mài)完了”；且；且sell out(售完售完)與與dictionaries間為（間為（ ）關(guān)系，故選）關(guān)系，故選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。主動(dòng)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)5A new school library _here.It is said that they hope to finish it next month.Awill be built Bis builtChas been built Dis being built解析：解析：由后一句由后一句“據(jù)說(shuō)他們希望下一個(gè)月

20、完工據(jù)說(shuō)他們希望下一個(gè)月完工”可知目前圖書(shū)館正在建設(shè)中，故用（可知目前圖書(shū)館正在建設(shè)中，故用（ ）且且library與與 build為（為（ ）關(guān)系。關(guān)系。進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)6When you get the paper back，pay special attenion to what_.Ahave marked Bhave been markedChad marked Dhad been marked解析：解析：選選B。根據(jù)前面的時(shí)態(tài)，此處應(yīng)該使用。根據(jù)前面的時(shí)態(tài)，此處應(yīng)該使用（ ） 且句意為且句意為“特別注意被標(biāo)注特別注意被標(biāo)注的地方的地方”可知用（可知用（ ）語(yǔ)態(tài)。）語(yǔ)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完

21、成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)7The boys_many times not to swim in that lake，but it doesnt make any difference.Ahave told BtoldChave been told Dwere being told解析：解析：選選C。根據(jù)句意可知，。根據(jù)句意可知，the boys和和tell之間是之間是（ ）關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又根據(jù)）關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又根據(jù)but后后面的分句可知，應(yīng)用（面的分句可知，應(yīng)用（ ），故答），故答案選案選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。被動(dòng)被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)8Can we sit at the table near

22、 the window?Im sorry，but it_already.Awas taken BtookChas taken Dhas been taken解析：解析：選選D。it代指代指the table，和，和take之間是之間是（ ）關(guān)系；又根據(jù)）關(guān)系；又根據(jù)already和句意可知用和句意可知用（ ），故答案選），故答案選D項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。被動(dòng)被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)9Ive heard that a talk on American history_ in the meeting room next Friday.Ais given Bhas been givenCwill be given

23、 Dgives解析：解析：選選C。根據(jù)句意，報(bào)告是在下星期五。根據(jù)句意，報(bào)告是在下星期五要做，要做，故用故用（ ）。）。一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)10.I want to buy this kind of cloth because I_ the cloth _well.Ahave told；washedBhave been told；washesChave been told；washedDwas told；washed解析：解析：選選B。根據(jù)句意。根據(jù)句意“因?yàn)槲冶桓嬷@種布很好因?yàn)槲冶桓嬷@種布很好洗洗”可知第一空用（可知第一空用（ ）；）；第二空表示主語(yǔ)具有的屬性第二

24、空表示主語(yǔ)具有的屬性“布好洗布好洗”，用，用（ ）表被動(dòng)，故用）表被動(dòng)，故用washes。完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)11Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where _ yet.Ahasnt been decided Bhavent decidedCisnt being decided Darent decided解析：解析：選選A。句意為：詹姆斯教授要給我們做一。句意為：詹姆斯教授要給我們做一個(gè)關(guān)于西方文化的講座，但時(shí)間和地方還沒(méi)有決個(gè)關(guān)于西方文化的講座，但時(shí)間和

25、地方還沒(méi)有決定。由定。由yet可知，本句應(yīng)用（可知，本句應(yīng)用（ ），又因），又因時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)是被決定的，故應(yīng)用（時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)是被決定的，故應(yīng)用（ ）語(yǔ)）語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此，正確答案為態(tài)。因此，正確答案為A。完成時(shí)完成時(shí)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)12.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.Apromised Bwere promisedChave promised Dhave been promised解析：解析：選選D。句意為：每年大量農(nóng)民

26、工涌入深圳，去。句意為：每年大量農(nóng)民工涌入深圳，去尋找他們離鄉(xiāng)前別人給他們?cè)S諾掙錢(qián)的工作。此處尋找他們離鄉(xiāng)前別人給他們?cè)S諾掙錢(qián)的工作。此處農(nóng)民工是農(nóng)民工是“被許諾工作被許諾工作”，需要（，需要（ ）語(yǔ)態(tài)，且）語(yǔ)態(tài)，且是是“已經(jīng)被許諾已經(jīng)被許諾”，故選，故選D。被動(dòng)被動(dòng)13Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings _.Ahad been taken place；have been set upBhave taken place；have been set upChave been taken place；have been set upDwere taken place；were set up解析：解析：選選B。take place是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，（ ）語(yǔ)態(tài)；）語(yǔ)態(tài)； buildings與與set up是是（ ）關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。）關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。沒(méi)有被動(dòng)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)14Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303?It should be 302.But I hear that it_tomorrow.Awas put off Bwill put offChas been put off Dis put off解析：解析：選