外研英語八下Module2Friendship重難點(diǎn)講解

1、Module 2 Friendship一.  教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Module 2 Friendship 二. 重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：語法知識(shí)：賓語從句；語言知識(shí)：詞匯及詞語辨析 三. 具體內(nèi)容：（一）語法指南賓語從句放在動(dòng)詞后面做賓語的句子，我們稱之為“賓語從句”。賓語從句根據(jù)其表達(dá)意義與疑問的差別可以分作三類，一類由that引導(dǎo)，一類由whether/if引導(dǎo)，還有一類由疑問詞引導(dǎo)。常用作賓語從句的連詞有：that, if whether, what, which, who, whom, where, how, why等。1. 當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞表示肯定概念時(shí)，如“希望”、“相信

2、”“知道”“說”，其后面的句子一般用that引導(dǎo)。That沒有任何詞匯意義，只有語法功能，使讀者清楚后面的句子是前面動(dòng)詞的賓語。That在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接主句和從句的作用。that不用翻譯出來，在口語當(dāng)中常省略。除此以外，又語從句中有自己的主語，很容易與前面的主句分開，因此多數(shù)情況下that可以省略。如：Betty thinks（that）trees improve the air.貝蒂認(rèn)為樹可以改善空氣。I hope（that）it will snow this winter.我希望今年冬天能下雪。I believe（that）well become good friend

3、s.我相信我們會(huì)成為好朋友。有一點(diǎn)要注意，并非所有的動(dòng)詞后面都可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。接that引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞不可含有疑問的含義，常見的多是表示觀點(diǎn)、看法、意念、要求等方面概念的詞，如：believe, feel, hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, wish, warn等。2. whether/if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句如果我們要標(biāo)達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的概念，比如：“記不清”、“不知道”、“問”、“想知道”等等，就要用whether/ if 表示，不能再用th

4、at。He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.他不知道他們周六是否會(huì)去植樹。I cant remember whether/if I have seen him before. 我記不清以前是否見過他。He asks whether/ if we will go fishing on Sunday.他問周日我們是否去釣魚？Tom wants to know whether/ if he needs to come early tomorrow.湯姆想知道明天他是否有必要早來。注意：一般情況下if和wheth

5、er可以通用。但如果從句后面還有一個(gè)選擇性詞語or not，則常用whether，構(gòu)成 whetheror not的結(jié)構(gòu)。3. 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句有的句子不是用that連接，也不是用whether或if連接，而是用when，where，how，Why等疑問詞連接。這是從句意思表達(dá)的需要。比如“他問什么時(shí)間出發(fā)”中的“什么時(shí)間出發(fā)”必須用一個(gè)疑問詞才能表達(dá)；如果遇到什么時(shí)間，什么地點(diǎn)，什么方式，什么原因之類的疑問時(shí)，我們就要是用相應(yīng)的疑問詞來連接從句。但是同學(xué)們一定要注意，在疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一定要用陳述句語序。如：He asks how we can help protect the

6、environment.他問我們?cè)鯓硬拍転楸Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境出點(diǎn)力。I cant understand why they like computer games so much.我不理解他們?yōu)槭裁慈绱讼矚g電腦游戲。They havent decided where they should go for the holiday.他們還沒有確定到什么地方去旅行。Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting?你知道我們什么時(shí)候開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)嗎？ （二）語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?Sorry,

7、Ive no idea.A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. which2. Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?Usually it comes by 4:00.A. howB. whereC. whenD. what3. Id like to know _ or not.A. whether will he comeB. whether has he comeC. whether he will comeD. that he will come4. They asked me _ during the

8、May Day holidays.A. where had I goneB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where I had gone5. She did not tell us _.A. how old the patient isB. how old was the patientC. how old the patient wasD. how old is the patient6. We dont know _ he is.They say he is much better these days.A. whatB. whoC. ho

9、wD. where7. Could you tell me _ yesterday?A. what they doB. what they didC. what do they doD. what did they do8. I knew that the sun _ in the east when I was a child.A. will riseB. roseC. riseD. rises9. She said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what10.

10、The man asked me if I _ him the way to the bus stop.A. can tellB. could tellC. will tellD. tell （三）重點(diǎn)句子詳解1. Dig slowly, or youll be too tired to finish.慢慢挖，不然的話你會(huì)很累，干不完活的。* 本句是“祈使句+or+并列分句”的句型，or連接連個(gè)分句，前面的分句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的否定性從句。如：Hurry up, or youll be late.= If you dont hurry up, you will be late. 你快一

11、點(diǎn)，不然就遲到了。Take the chance, or you will regret.=If you dont take the chance, you will regret it.抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，否則你會(huì)后悔的。Stand still, or Ill shoot.=If you dont stand still, Ill shoot.* 有時(shí)前一個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語。A word from you and hell change his mind.=If you say a word, hell change his mind.只要你說一句話，他就會(huì)改變主意。One more f

12、oul and hell be sent out of the court.他再犯一次規(guī)，就要罰出場了。*“祈使句+and+并列分句”的句型中，祈使句表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。如Work hard and youll succeed.= If you work hard, youll succeed.努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就能成功。Stir，and you are a dead man.=If you stir, you are a dead man.動(dòng)一動(dòng)我就打死你。* tooto意為“太而不能”，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“too+形容詞/副詞+to+動(dòng)詞原形”，該句型用于肯定句，但表達(dá)否定的意思。如：H

13、e is too old to walk.他太老了，以致走不動(dòng)了。Its too hard for him to learn English well.學(xué)好英語對(duì)他來說太難了。The box is too heavy for me to carry.那只箱子對(duì)我來說太重了，搬不動(dòng)。* 當(dāng)tooto do前面有only，but等詞時(shí)，或出現(xiàn)“never tooto do”或“toonot to do”的雙重否定時(shí)，該句型就不表達(dá)否定含義了。如： Its never too old to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。You are never too old to enjoy the music.

14、你不會(huì)因?yàn)槟昙o(jì)大了而不喜歡這音樂。2. Were cutting down too many trees.我們正在過量砍伐樹木。* cut down 此處意為“砍倒”A quarter of the forest reserves had been cut down by 1974.到1974年，四分之一的森林保護(hù)區(qū)已被砍伐一空。How much is it going to cost us to cut all these trees down?把這些樹全部砍倒要花費(fèi)我們多少錢？* cut down可意為“削減”“減少”，如 Save time for yourself by cutting your shopping down to twice a week.拔去商店購物減少到每星期兩次，以此為自己節(jié)