在潤滑油配使用超重質(zhì)環(huán)烷烴

1、Luis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 200712007-11-29Use of Super Heavy Naphthenics in Lubricant FormulationsLuis Bastardo-Zambrano, PhDNynas Naphthenics ABNynashamn, SwedenLuis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 200722007-11-29OutlineIntroduction: Base Oil Market OverviewBright StocksSuper heavy

2、naphthenic oil (Naphthenic 4000) and Polyisobutenes: Film Strength Thickening Effect Tackiness Shear StabilityLuis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 200732007-11-29Base Oil Market Overview Base stock supply is estimated at 931000 barrels/day more than half Group I Global demand may increase by 6% b

3、y 2010 (34% of it in the Asia/Pacific region) Shift to higher quality oil worldwide (Group II and Group III) Detriment of Group I production, especially bright stocks Bright stocks output fell by 8% between 1995-2005. Group I shut downs, will bring down bright stocks production by 10% in the next 10

4、 years.*Tocci, L. High stakes for base oils. LubesnGreases. Vol.13 (1). 2007. DeMarco, N. Totals Take on Base Oil Balances. Lube Report. February 2007. *Luis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 200742007-11-29Bright StocksHigh viscosity base oils refined from paraffinic crudeMainly use is: Marine oil

5、s Monograde motor oils Gear oils Greases Other productsPossible substitutions: PIB (Polyisobutene) PAO (Polyalphaolefins) Heavy NaphthenicsLuis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 200752007-11-29Super Heavy Naphthenic Oil The Super Heavy Naphthenic Oil used in this work (Naphthenic 4000) is a product

6、 with a very high viscosity (4800 cSt at 40C) and excellent solvent power (aniline point 80C) Naphthenic 4000 can be used as additive in gear oils, metalworking fluids, greases and oil treatment as well as in blends with lower viscosity naphthenic oils to obtain naphthenic bright stocks It displays

7、interesting properties such as Very good shear stability High film strength High tackiness Very low carbon residue ( 60%)Luis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 2007122007-11-29Tackiness - Method Tackiness is defined as the resistance to flow in extension and is a combination of cohesivity and adhes

8、ivity The tackiness was measured in a filament break-up rheometer The test fluid is placed between two cylindrical test fixtures (rheometer plates) and is submitted to an axial step-strain applied generating the formation of an elongated liquid threadLuis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 200713200

9、7-11-29The Capillary Break-Up Extensional Rheometer: Filament FormationAxial strainAxial straind0DDdfDDLuis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 2007142007-11-29Tackiness Tests Experimental Conditions Naphthenic 4000 and four PIBs were added to the naphthenic oils Base oil 400 and Base oil 110 Treatin

10、g rates of 0.5 % and 1.5 % were used The time evolution of the filament diameter for the pure and additivated oils was followed The final gap between the rheometer plates was set to 8 mm for the tests performed on Base oil 400 and to 6 mm for the tests carried out on Base oil 110 The final gap betwe

11、en the plates must be kept constant through a series of experiments as it is directly correlated to the deformation to which the material is submitted during the testLuis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 2007152007-11-29Tackiness Tests on Base Oil 110 with 1.5% Treating RateLuis Bastardo-ZambranoL

12、ubricants Russia 2007162007-11-29Tackiness Tests Results and DiscussionNaphthenic 4000 gave a tackiness increase equal to that given by the PIB B (having a viscosity at 40C of 7750 cSt)Increasing the treating rate has a positive effect both for Naphthenic 4000 and the PIB B. The effect is more marke

13、d with Base oil 110.As expected, the tackifying effect of the PIBs increases with increasing molecular weight. Nevertheless, the higher the molecular weight of the PIBs, the higher the sensitivity to shearing forces.Luis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 2007172007-11-29Shear Stability Tests - Meth

14、od Method used: CEC L 45-A-99 (Viscosity shear stability of transmission lubricants Tapered roller bearing rig) The bearing is loaded axially with 5000 N, rotated at 1475 rev/min and maintained at a temperature of 60C. The viscosity of the fluid before and after the test was measured using the metho

15、d DIN 51562. The result: % of viscosity lost by the fluidThe polymer molecules break when submitted to high shear stressesLuis Bastardo-ZambranoLubricants Russia 2007182007-11-29ConclusionsWorldwide production of base oils is shifting to higher quality products, Group II and III base oils These changes may cause shortage of Bright Stocks in the marketHeavy naphthenic oils and PIBs are alternatives available right nowThe super heavy naphthenic oil Naphthenic 4000 outperforms PIBs in properties such as film strength and shear stabilityConver