限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句提供有關(guān)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的重要信息，起限定作用，與被修飾部分的關(guān)系緊密，如果省略該從句會(huì)使主句語(yǔ)義表達(dá)不完整。例如：This is the very person that is wanted by the police.He is the man who /that lives next door.It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是用來(lái)對(duì)被修飾部分作補(bǔ)充性的說(shuō)明，與先行詞關(guān)系比較松散，先行詞與從句間可以用逗號(hào)隔開，從句可略去：He w

2、ill not be able to spend the holiday with his family, which is a big annoyance to him.The minister, who is to visit our university, is said to be a Qinghua University graduate.The book, which your sister bought you in Xinhua Bookstore, is very useful in improving your spoken English.The businessman,

3、 whose suitcase has been found by a stranger, has left for Beijing.如果定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是專有名詞或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞的名詞詞組，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常為非限制性的。例如：The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in, was polluted for over a hundred years.My mother, who has been on a visit to Australia,

4、will fly back tomorrow.All of these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the children in Hope School.限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是名詞，代詞或名詞性詞組，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞除了是名詞及名詞性詞組外，還可能是句子的一部分或是整個(gè)句子。例如：They say he plays truant, which he doesnt. which指代plays truantThe meeting was put off till

5、next month, as we hoped. as指前面的句子下面的表格歸納了前面已提到的兩者不同之處：表一：限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1提供確定或限定主句中某個(gè)名詞的信息。1提供對(duì)確定主句中某個(gè)名詞的非主要附加信息。2由深層嵌入句派生而來(lái)。2由兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的深層嵌入句派生而來(lái)。3無(wú)分隔定語(yǔ)從句和主句和停頓或特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（逗號(hào)/插入語(yǔ)/破折號(hào)）。3書面語(yǔ)中用逗號(hào)，口語(yǔ)中用特殊的停頓和降低聲調(diào)來(lái)把定語(yǔ)從句和主句分隔開來(lái)。4不可以修飾整個(gè)命題，只修飾一個(gè)名詞。4可以修飾一個(gè)中心名詞，或以評(píng)價(jià)的形式修飾整個(gè)命題。5可使用that和who(m),which等關(guān)

6、系代詞。5That不能當(dāng)作關(guān)系代詞，只可用wh-代詞。6不常用來(lái)修飾專有名詞。6既可修飾普通名詞，也可修飾專有名詞。7可修飾帶有any 或every等類屬限定詞的中心名詞。7不可修飾帶有any 或every等類屬限定詞的中心名詞。3.2 定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞that, which, who在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，who或that用于指人，that或which用于指物，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中代替名詞性主語(yǔ)或代詞性主語(yǔ)，不能省略。例如：He is the man who/that lives here. 不能說(shuō)：×He is the man who he lives h

7、ere.The bag whichthat has been put there for a long time belongs to Wang Hong who(m), which, that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)表示人的時(shí)候用who(m)或that, 它們?cè)趶木渲写婷~性賓語(yǔ)或賓格代詞，作定語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)的whom/that通?？梢允÷裕诳谡Z(yǔ)中常用who代替 whom。例如：Hes the man whom/ that I met.There are some people here who I want you to meet.表示動(dòng)物和東西的時(shí)候應(yīng)用which/that:The piece

8、s of music (that) he has composed are sung by many pop singers.Taxes consist of money (that) people pay to support their government.Theyre the postcards which I sent from America. who(m), which或 that作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。定語(yǔ)從句的介詞的位置非常重要，我們可以說(shuō)：He is the person to whom I wrote. 非常正式用法 (但不可以說(shuō)：×to who).或：H

9、e is the person who (m) I wrote to. /He is the person (whom) I wrote to.This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. 非常正式用法或：This is the pan which I boiled the milk in. / This is the pan (that/which) I boiled the milk in. whose + 名詞關(guān)系代詞whose是既可用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，一般用來(lái)指人，代替所有格形容詞（my, his, y

10、our, her, its等），在從句中當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，沒有陰性、陽(yáng)性或單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)的變化；有時(shí)也可指物，指物時(shí)可以用of which 代替。例如： The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams. The bicycle whose brake was damaged has now been repaired. =The bicycle, the brake of which was damaged, has now been repaired.Edison is a great inventor whose fame

11、 is world-wide. that的用法1、that只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句，既可指人，又可指物，在句中用做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。（見、3.2.2） 2、當(dāng)先行詞是all，much，little, the one, anything, something, nothing, everything, none等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that。例如：There is little that can be done about it.That's all that I knew about it.Is there anything that I can do for you?Have you do

12、ne everything that is assigned to you?3、先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that。例如：It is the most interesting film that Ive ever read.The best thing that he could do at present is to leave.This is the first time that he has been there.She is the only one that ha

13、s finished her task on time.At the very beginning, we have just too much work that needs to be done.4、在there be 句型中，只用that, 不用which。例如：There are some people that Id like to introduce to you.There is a very interesting story that every child would like to listen to.5、先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)，用that。例如：A victim is

14、a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, etc.The man and his dog that were napping outside the room were photographed by the journalist.6、在“It is + 名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句1 + 定語(yǔ)從句2”的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句2要用 that。例如：It is always the mouth which talks too much that incurs troubles.（言多必失。）It is only a man who is

15、 quite experienced that can fulfill this task. which的用法1、which一般只用于指物(a)，有時(shí)也用來(lái)指性別不明的嬰兒(b)。例如：a: The tiles which fell off the roof caused serious damage.b: The baby which the nurse has just brought in is Johns child.2、如果指物的關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面，只能用which，不能用that。例如：This is the house in which she spent her child

16、hood.The agency from which we bought our tickets is bankrupt.3、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用來(lái)指物替代名詞詞組。例如：This book, which has only been reviewed, was published a year ago.4、替代整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分：The meeting has been put off till next Friday, which is good news to them. (指代整個(gè)主句)She said that her son would become a scientist

17、, which we thought possible. (指代that分句)She is very attentive in class, which he rarely is. (指代整個(gè)短語(yǔ))3.2.7 as的用法1、as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常與such或the same連用，構(gòu)成the sameas; suchas結(jié)構(gòu)，as用于代替指人或物的先行詞。例如：I have never eaten such tasty foods as she cooked me.Such books as there were on the shelf interested us.I have got

18、into the same trouble as he (has).試比較 the sameas和 the samethat：This is the same book as I read last week.（這和我上周讀的那本書是一樣的。）This is the same book that I read last year. （這就是我上周讀的那本書。）如果先行詞表示抽象概念，則沒有這種區(qū)別，例如：She told me the same story as/that she had told you.I had the same difficulty that/as you had la

19、st year.在assoas結(jié)構(gòu)中，后面的as也是關(guān)系代詞，例如：We took as many men as could be permitted to attend the meeting.You can stay here as long as you like.Things do not go on as smoothly as we hoped.2、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用于代替整個(gè)主句，意思是“正如”， 相當(dāng)于 and this或 and that。as從句位置較之which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句更加靈活，因而as從句既可以指前面提到的內(nèi)容，也可

20、以指后面將要提到的內(nèi)容，which一般在主句后。例如： As is mentioned above, this method aims at improving the students ability in a more effective way.The test is cancelled, as you have hoped.The test, as you have hoped, is cancelled.A semiconductor material, as the name indicates, has poorer conductivity than a conductor.注

21、：as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)與主句一致，而且從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.例如：He failed to pass the exam again, as is predicted.He failed to pass the exam again, which annoyed his mother greatly.記住以下的as結(jié)構(gòu)：as is known to all (眾所周知)，as is often the case (情況常常如此)，as the name Indicatessuggests (顧名思義)，as m

22、ay be imagined (可以想象得出)，as often happens (這種情況常常發(fā)生)，as has been said before (如前所述)，as has been pointed out (正如已經(jīng)指出的)，as will be shown in ( 將在中指出)，as is hoped ( 正如所希望的) but的用法but用作關(guān)系代詞相當(dāng)于whonot，whichnot，thatnot。but既可指人，也可指物，常在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。but本身含“否定”的意思，它前面的主句通常有“否定”的詞, 如：(no，not， little，few，hardly等).

23、 but引導(dǎo)的肯定定語(yǔ)從句和否定的主句連用，達(dá)到強(qiáng)烈肯定的修飾效果。例如：There is no mother but loves her own children. (=There is no mother thatwho does not love her own children.)主語(yǔ)There is scarcely a good movie but he has seen. (=that he has not seen). 賓語(yǔ)There is never a friend but he remembers the birthday of. 介詞賓語(yǔ)Who is there but

24、 commits errors？but間或也可用在疑問句后There is no man but errs. =There is no man who does not err. 主語(yǔ)What he saw in those places but was not miserable（but=which was not）(他所到之處，看到的均是凄慘不已的景象。)主語(yǔ)There are very few but admire his talents.（很少有人不贊賞他的才干的。But=who dont）主語(yǔ)but結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可省略。例如：(There is)No rule but has except

25、ions. (There are）Few books but have a misprint or two. than的用法關(guān)系代詞than一般用于含有比較級(jí)的句子中，兼有連詞和代詞的性質(zhì)。例如：You spent more money than was intended to be spent. She has done much more work than was required of her.The question is more complicated than appears on the surface.3.3 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句既可以是限

26、制性定語(yǔ)從句，又可以是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等，介詞的選擇則要根據(jù)它與其先行詞的關(guān)系或前后名詞、動(dòng)詞等的搭配關(guān)系來(lái)決定，同時(shí)還應(yīng)該考慮句子在上下文中要表達(dá)的意思?！敖樵~ + whichwhomwhose”這時(shí)應(yīng)注意介詞與句中短語(yǔ)的搭配。例如：The problem with which I have trouble has now been solved.Oil, of which there are several different types, is used for many purposes by countries all over t

27、he world.The man, because of whose help the murderer was caught by the police, is coming to our school tomorrow.介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前的形式的定語(yǔ)從句較之將介詞至于從句之末的定語(yǔ)從句正式，因此多用于書面語(yǔ)當(dāng)中，但在口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)；或者將介詞后置，或在介詞后置后用 that（人、物）who（人）代替 whichwhom，并且that可省略。例如；Can you lend me a pen or pencil with which I can write?Can you lend me

28、 a pen or pencil that/ which I can write with?Can you lend me a pen or pencil (that) I can write with?Who is the man to whom you were talking?Who is the man whom/that/who you were talking to?Who is the man (that) you were talking to?如果介詞過(guò)長(zhǎng)，則不適于后置，例如：Sound is a tool, by means of which people communic

29、ate with each other.We may be caught by a fire, in case of which we must find ways to escape.“名詞 + 介詞 + whichwhom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句He referred to a person the name of whom slipped by memory at that moment.We had a discussion the purpose of which was to find a solution to this problem.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，of whichwhom可用

30、來(lái)修飾不定代詞 all, each, one, many, much, more, most, any, some, a few, a little, none, both, several, the latter, the former等。練習(xí)時(shí)，應(yīng)該判斷填空的部分為主句的定語(yǔ)從句還是與主句并列的成分。例如：We have interviewed more than 50 students, only a few of whom gave satisfactory answers to our questions. 定語(yǔ)從句We have interviewed more than 50 s

31、tudents, but only a few of them gave satisfactory answers to our questions. 并列Many people came to her graduation party, most of whom were her former classmates. 定語(yǔ)從句Many people came to her graduation party, and most of them were her former classmates. 并列There are 32 students in our class, up to 20 o

32、f whom are from the south. 定語(yǔ)從句 “介詞 + which + 名詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which是一個(gè)代表所有關(guān)系的關(guān)系代詞，可用來(lái)代表一個(gè)名詞代詞或句子的一部分，但更多地是來(lái)代表整個(gè)句子。其中的名詞通常是一個(gè)抽象名詞，如case, fact, state, time, point等。例如：Water boils at l00, at which temperature it changes into gas.He was about to leave, at which moment I came back home.Wei Hua spent four years

33、 in the United States, during which period she studied law.Reader's Digest, to which we have just subscribed, has an enormous circulation.3.4定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（限制性非限制性）在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，意思相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”，常見的引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有：where, when和why等，不常見的如表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞：since, after和before。 關(guān)系副詞 where（= at, in which）引導(dǎo)表示地點(diǎn)

34、的定語(yǔ)從句This is the place where hed most like to live the rest of his life.London is the city where she was born.That is the place where they met for the first time.在表示“情況、方面、狀況”等有地點(diǎn)含義的抽象名詞如case, game, spot, point, conditions, situation, circumstances等作為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，也用 where引導(dǎo), 其意義相當(dāng)于 under which。例如：Its a

35、 kind of game where you can train your eyesightEveryone may face the situation where you have to make a decision yourself.Ill show him the point where he failed.Under the circumstances where food shortage is the most serious problem, we must try our best to seek international aid. 關(guān)系副詞 when（= at, on

36、, during, in which）引導(dǎo)表示時(shí)間的定語(yǔ)從句Ill never forget the day when (=on which) I first came to this university.This is the season when (=in which) most fishers will be very busy.That is the time when many Americans were out of work.Most people like to go there in May, when the flowers are in full bloom. 關(guān)系

37、副詞 why（= for which）引導(dǎo)表示原因的定語(yǔ)從句Do you know the reason why he left the party early that night?The reason why she missed the train is that she was held up by an accident. 其他關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句I miss you every day since I came here.On the day before she got married, her mother handed her the family heirloom.The

38、 month after she took the entrance examination was spent in relaxing herself3.5 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的省略關(guān)系代詞的省略1、關(guān)系代詞which, whom, who, that在定語(yǔ)從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略Here is the man (who/that/whom) youve been looking for.The woman (whom/who/that) I was talking to is our English teacher.Is there any question (that) you wan

39、t to ask me?2、當(dāng) that在從句中作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略George is not the man (that) he used to be.He is all (that) a teacher should be.3、在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)從句，或在定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，用做主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that可省略There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you.This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.Thats all (that) there

40、 is to it. (如此而已。)Have you noticed anything (that) there is happening in the company? 關(guān)系副詞的省略1、當(dāng)先行詞是reason，而且在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用why或that，可以省略The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness.That is the reason (why) I did it.2、當(dāng)先行詞是way，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用 in which或that，可以省略The way (in which/that) th

41、ese comrades look at problems is wrong.That was the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out.注意：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不省略。例如：I dont know the way that/which leads to the top of the mountains.3、當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用when或有時(shí)用that，有時(shí)也可以省略 The second time (that) I saw him was in 1980. I dont know the exact tim

42、e (when/that) the sports meet will take place.His grandpa still remembers the day (that/when) the city was liberated.4、當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用where或有時(shí)用that，有時(shí)也可以省略 This is the village (where/that) the great man spent his childhood.Do you know the site (where/that) this ancient tomb was discovered.I know th

43、e place (that/where) she lives.3.6 what關(guān)系代詞 “what is（was）+ 形容詞比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)what泛指上文或下文，意思是“更，尤其”。該結(jié)構(gòu)常為插入語(yǔ)：She is very intelligent, and whats more, very hard-working.Great men are often unknown, or what is worse, misknown.She decided, what was the only choice, that she would keep it a secret. what = 先行詞 + 關(guān)

44、系詞what相當(dāng)于 the thing（s）which或 the person（s）that, 既可以指人，也可指物，意思相當(dāng)于“的（人或物）”，此種情況的what本身已包含先行詞，因而其前不能再有先行詞。what在其從句中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。例如：This is what you call fashion?That is exactly what you are told to do?Never pretend to be what you are not.She is what we call an optimist. “what + 名詞” = “all the + 名詞 + tha

45、t” what在從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：On her death, the old woman gave what property she had to the young man who stayed with her during the last years of her life. (= all the property that)We will give you what help we can. (= all the help that)He shared what little water he had with his companions. (= all the little

46、water that)What poems we have learned at present are about love. (=all the poems that)3.7 先行詞與其定語(yǔ)從句的分割有時(shí)先行詞與其定語(yǔ)從句會(huì)被其他的一些語(yǔ)法成分割裂開來(lái)，如：狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)等。例如：We have made a number of creative advances in theoretical research of applied science which are up to advanced world levels.Do you remember one afternoon te

47、n years ago when l came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?During the construction, problems often arise which require design changes.3.8 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別（詳見）3.9 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的判斷3.9. 1謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否及物用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。從句中如果及物動(dòng)詞后面接賓語(yǔ)，就必須要用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：The days when we stayed together are

48、 unforgettable.（stay不及物）Ill never forget the days which I spent with you in Tokyo .（spend及物，有賓語(yǔ)）This is the reason why he did not come that morning. (come不及物動(dòng)詞)This is the reason which/ that he found to excuse for himself. (find及物動(dòng)詞 )先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀）先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因時(shí)，就選用關(guān)系副詞，用when，where或why，在從句中

49、應(yīng)該是做狀語(yǔ)，否則的話則應(yīng)該用whichthat等，that有時(shí)可以代替when，where或why，但when，where或why中不能代替that。例如： 1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one在句 1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where，that，on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有t

50、he one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選 D；而在句2中，主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞 where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞 inwhich引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on用的不對(duì)，所以選A。當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí)，常用there is來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如： I dont want to concentrate on anything there is worry

51、ing me.引導(dǎo)條件從句的連詞引導(dǎo)條件從句的連詞比較多，我們可以把它們分為以下幾個(gè)大類：1、表示“只要、只有”：as, as (so) far as, as (so) long as, only if, only that, but that：As (So) long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.Theres war in so far as theres the earth beneath our feet.But that he is ill, he would stay at hom

52、e.2、表示“如果”：if, in case (that), provided/providing (that), suppose/supposing（that）僅用在問句中, in the event (that):If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.In the event that our team wins, there will be a big celebration. Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.Suppose (Supposing) we can

53、t get enough food, what shall we do?Provided/Providing (that) you give me a receipt, I will pay the rent.3、表示“考慮到”：given /granted(that)正式用法, assuming (that),Given that x=y, then n (x + a) = n (y + a) must be also true.（多用于論證）4、表示“除非”：unless (=if not) Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.5

54、、表示“一旦”：onceOnce (=If once) you smoke, you cant give up smoking.Once she begins to cry, there is no stopping her.6、各種復(fù)雜介詞表示“條件是”：on condition that，on the understanding that, on the assumption/ supposition that, with the proviso/stipulation that, in case of, in the event of等。例如：I will give him anythi

55、ng he wants on condition that he will show good manners. Dial 119 in case of fire.不用連詞引導(dǎo)的條件從句Were I a bird, I would fly to you.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）Work hard, and you will succeed. (祁使語(yǔ)氣)You do it again, Ill kill you. (口語(yǔ)體)A few days rest and you will be all right again. (名詞+and)Nothing venture, nothing have. (沒有主

56、語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞)Time permitting, we will go traveling.（分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）在口語(yǔ)中，真實(shí)條件句廣泛使用，人們通常用于表示對(duì)話語(yǔ)的態(tài)度（即起評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)作用）。例如：If you dont mind, Id like to think about that for a bit.If I remember rightly, I think I have seen you somewhere.Take another cup, if you please.4.2讓步從句(Clause of Concession)讓步是對(duì)比的一個(gè)特殊變體，表達(dá)的意義是 “Yes, but

57、”，使用讓步連接詞時(shí)，說(shuō)話人/作者希望表達(dá)在承認(rèn)一個(gè)命題正確和確信另一個(gè)命題也正確的情況下，削弱第一個(gè)命題的重要性，主句中的意思往往是最重要的中心意思，正是讓步連接詞能讓讀者或聽者做出這樣的推論。它有“雖然，盡管，即使”之意，主要由以下引導(dǎo)詞構(gòu)成：1、 though, althoughAlthough its raining, they are still working in the field.He still works hard though he is very old.Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 注意：當(dāng)有though, although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。例如：Though