事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧

1、第二篇第二篇閱讀閱讀第一節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧第一節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧1Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?2Which of the following (sentences/statements) is NOT true according to the passage?3According to the passage，all of the following are TRUE except/but_4The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT

2、_一、常見的設(shè)問形式一、常見的設(shè)問形式5In the passage，the author states that _6According to the passage，when (where，why，how，who，etc.).1描寫類細(xì)節(jié)題。描寫類細(xì)節(jié)題。2數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。3排序題。排序題。4信息尋找、廣告閱讀題。信息尋找、廣告閱讀題。5圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題。圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題。6表格理解題。表格理解題。二、常見題型二、常見題型1語意轉(zhuǎn)換。細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)題時(shí)為了避免出現(xiàn)原語意轉(zhuǎn)換。細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)題時(shí)為了避免出現(xiàn)原文中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近義詞或反義文中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近義詞或

3、反義詞詞(雙重否定雙重否定)。因而在解題時(shí)要注意語意轉(zhuǎn)換。因而在解題時(shí)要注意語意轉(zhuǎn)換。2設(shè)題順序。一般來說，題序與其相關(guān)信息在文設(shè)題順序。一般來說，題序與其相關(guān)信息在文中的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會(huì)在下一小題的中的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會(huì)在下一小題的答案信息之前。答案信息之前。三、設(shè)題方式三、設(shè)題方式3設(shè)題干擾項(xiàng)。設(shè)題干擾項(xiàng)。(1)正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。(2)擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要求。擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要求。(3)偷換概念：符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。偷換概念：符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(4)以偏概全：

4、與原句的內(nèi)容極其相似，但在程度、態(tài)以偏概全：與原句的內(nèi)容極其相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動(dòng)。度、褒貶色彩上有變動(dòng)。(5)無中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實(shí)不符無中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實(shí)不符或相反?；蛳喾?。1迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過尋讀法迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過尋讀法(scanning)，用，用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。2理解其意，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)。在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)理解其意，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)。在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)

5、的意思與之最接近。閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思與之最接近。3排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過程中，要善排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案。于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案。四、解題步驟四、解題步驟注意：注意：解題時(shí)要留意否定詞解題時(shí)要留意否定詞，如果題干中含有如果題干中含有否定意義的詞否定意義的詞，如如NOT，EXCEPT等等，應(yīng)特別留心。應(yīng)特別留心。在解答排序題時(shí)在解答排序題時(shí)，可采用可采用“首尾定位法首尾定位法”，即先找即先找到第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作到第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作，縮小范圍以便能迅縮小范

6、圍以便能迅速選出正確答案。速選出正確答案。例例1 Tuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi)學(xué)費(fèi))Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.For further information：tuiwaikato.ac.nz.Accommodation(住宿住宿)You can have a room in a 4bedroom flat，which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living c

7、osts of about $150 a month for one person.For further information：accwaikato.ac.nz.五、典例精析五、典例精析 You have to pay at least _a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A$5，250 B$8，000C$9，000 D$11，000解析：解析： 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。本篇是介紹數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。本篇是介紹Waikato大學(xué)的廣告。大學(xué)的廣告。從從“Tuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi)學(xué)費(fèi))：Tuition fees are different f

8、rom department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.”和和“Accommodation(住宿住宿)：You答案：答案：Bcan have a room in a 4bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about$150 a month for one person.”可知可知，在那兒學(xué)習(xí)在那兒學(xué)習(xí)一 年 的 費(fèi) 用 是 ：一 年 的 費(fèi) 用 是 ： $ 5 ， 0 0 0 ( 學(xué)

9、費(fèi)學(xué) 費(fèi) ) $ 1 0 0 ( 住 宿住 宿費(fèi)費(fèi))12(months)$150(生活費(fèi)生活費(fèi))12(months)$8，000。例例2 People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store，a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng))that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks，you type

10、in the word or pick it from a list，and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.The devices also keeps a record of what you buy.When youve finished，the device figures out your bill.Then you go to the checker or place your card into a selfcheckout stand and pa

11、y.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping card?aStart the system.bMake a shopping list.cFind the things you want.dGo to a selfcheckout stand.Aabdc BbacdCacbd Dbcad解析：解析：答案：答案：B 排序題。排序題。 由第一段第一句話可知第一件事是由第一段第一句話可知第一件事是make a shopping list。去到商店后。去到商店后“star

12、t the system”，根據(jù)指引根據(jù)指引“you can find them”，最后去結(jié)賬最后去結(jié)賬，故順序故順序?yàn)闉閎acd。本題也可采用排除法。本題也可采用排除法，c和和d是相鄰且為先后是相鄰且為先后的順序的順序，故排除故排除A、C、D。本題還可結(jié)合自己的購(gòu)物。本題還可結(jié)合自己的購(gòu)物常識(shí)進(jìn)行快速判斷。常識(shí)進(jìn)行快速判斷。例例3 In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have foun

13、d that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because tho

14、se who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They dont get to see this soft side of others. Often，we try every possible way to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending.But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that

15、s in them.1The author has discovered that people will feel happy when _Athey offer their helpBthey receive others helpCthey feel others kindnessDthey show their weakness 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段最后一句可知事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段最后一句可知，關(guān)鍵是，關(guān)鍵是理清該句中的理清該句中的it，它指的是前文中的它指的是前文中的“the kindness in people”，其具體行為是其具體行為是“people hold doors for

16、 me，pour cream into my coffee，or help me to put on my coat”，人們的這些行為概括起來人們的這些行為概括起來，就是就是they offer their help，故選故選A。文中信息與選項(xiàng)表述的關(guān)系是具體與概。文中信息與選項(xiàng)表述的關(guān)系是具體與概括的關(guān)系。括的關(guān)系。解析：解析：答案：答案：A2The author feels sad sometimes because _Ahe has a soft heartBhe relies much on othersCsome people pretend to be kindDsome peop

17、le fail to see the kindness in others 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第一句事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第一句but后的內(nèi)容可知后的內(nèi)容可知，D選項(xiàng)中用選項(xiàng)中用some people代替了文中代替了文中“those who appear independent”，用用fail to see代替了文中的代替了文中的miss。解析：解析：答案：答案：D3What does the underlined word “it” refer to?AAnimal kingdom. BWeakness.CAggressive behavior. DKindness. 意義猜測(cè)。意義猜測(cè)。i

18、t指代前面的指代前面的the kindness in people。解析：解析：答案：答案：D例例4 In a world with limited land，water and other natural resources (資源資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually，the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People

19、now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的可持續(xù)的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words，we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.The tradi

20、tional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _Ait makes the world warmerBit consumes natural resourcesCit brings severe damage to forestsDit makes growth hard to continue 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)“the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming

21、 increasingly warm.”可知：傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)可知：傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式的危害是使全球氣候變暖、不能持續(xù)發(fā)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式的危害是使全球氣候變暖、不能持續(xù)發(fā)展、給未來發(fā)展造成損失。展、給未來發(fā)展造成損失。B不選不選，過度使用自然過度使用自然資源才是有害的。資源才是有害的。解析：解析：答案：答案：B閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的A、B、C、和、和D項(xiàng)中項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(一一)Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we k

22、now is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.u即學(xué)即練即學(xué)即練According to the Paragraph，one reason why a baby cr

23、ies is that it feels _Asick BupsetCsleepy Dhungry 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由該段最后一句事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由該段最后一句“The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.”可知?？芍ungry是是searching for food的近義替換。的近義替換。解析：解析：答案：答案：D (二二)When Frida Kahlos paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings a

24、s “a ribbon(絲帶絲帶) around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City, Kahlo suffered from polio (小兒麻痹癥小兒麻痹癥) at the age of seven.

25、Her spine(脊柱脊柱) became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a schoolbus accident.Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect

26、. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint. In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Riveras strong influence on Kahlos style can be seen in her early works，but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works, show less influence f

27、rom her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country. Her first onewoman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlos works remained largely unnoticed by the world，but in the 1970s h

28、er works began to gain international fame at last. 1The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _.ApolioBher bent spineCback injuriesDthe operation she had 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“her back was broken in several places in a shoolbus accident.but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her bac

29、k”可知選可知選C。解析：解析：答案：答案：C 2Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the _A1930s B1940sC1950s D1970s 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段“but her later works from the 1940s，known today as her best works，show less influence from her husband”可知選可知選B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B (三三)The valuepacked, allinclusive sightse

30、eing package that combines the best of Sydneys harbour, city, bay and beach highlights.A Sydney Pass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses. The “red”Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the “blue”Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous

31、beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent dailyharbour cruises (游船游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or City Rail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city. Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous se

32、afood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise.The possibilities and plans are endless with a Sydney Pass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis. Sydney Passes ar

33、e available for 3.5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All Sydney Passes include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid(有效的有效的)for 2 months from

34、the first day your ticket was used.Sydney Pass FaresAdultChild*Family * *3 day ticket$90$45$2255 day ticket$120$60$3007 day ticket$140$70$350* A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years.Children under 4 years travel free.* * A family is defined as 2 adults and any number

35、 of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.1A Sydney Pass doesnt offer unlimited rides on _Athe Explorer BusesBthe harbour cruisesCregular Sydney BusesDCity Rail services 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“.City Rail services(limited area)”可知可知，這個(gè)旅行游覽項(xiàng)目是這個(gè)旅行游覽項(xiàng)目是不提供無限制乘坐的。不提供無限制

36、乘坐的。解析：解析：答案：答案：D2With a Sydney Pass，a traveller can _Asave fares from and to the airportBtake the Sydney Explorer to beachesCenjoy the famous seafood for freeDreserve seats easily in a restaurant 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段“.a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3.5 or 7 days，and the r

37、eturn trip is valid for two months from the first day your ticket is used.”可知答案為可知答案為A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A3If 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children，aged 3，6 and 10，what would the lowest cost be?A$225. B$330.C$360. D$420. 數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。計(jì)算票價(jià)花費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。計(jì)算票價(jià)花費(fèi)，

38、成年人每人成年人每人$120，兩個(gè)成年人為兩個(gè)成年人為$240，3歲的孩子免費(fèi)歲的孩子免費(fèi)，所以兩個(gè)孩子費(fèi)用所以兩個(gè)孩子費(fèi)用是是$120，總共花費(fèi)是總共花費(fèi)是$360。 解析：解析：答案：答案：C (四四)Its everywhere.Indoors，advertising is in magazines and newspapers，on television，and even popping up on computer screens outdoors，advertising means billboards.They are in train stations and on the s

39、ides of buildings.They are along highways in the countryside. Billboards were once large painted signs that urged customers to buy anything from fried chicken to dish soap.Nowadays billboards are hightech devices that advertise the products of the modern world，from cellular phone service to perfume.

40、 Billboards have changed along with technology.Originally painted directly onto wooden boards or the sides of buildings，billboards were first improved by attaching large printed vinyl strips to a structure to form an advertisers message.Later，mechanical billboards were developed which could display

41、three different images.As one image changed to the next，the movement caught the eye of anyone passing by.More recently，electronic technology has produced backlit billboards which shine a light through an image printed on a sheet of plastic，and digital billboards that can display huge images similar

42、to those on a television screen. The latest trend in billboards is interactivity.In Belgium，a billboard that looked like a pinball machine had people on the street using text messaging to answer a question the billboard sent to their cell phones. If they answered correctly，they had a chance to win a

43、 new car.In Japan，some billboards feature QR (Quick Response ) codes，a newer version of bar codes，which can be read by specially programmed camera cell phones.When a person takes a picture of a billboard with a QR code，the advertiserswebsite appears on their phone.A billboard in New Yorks Times Squa

44、re lets people on the street play a video game using their cell phones，and a huge digital sign in Londons Piccadilly Circus responds when someone waves at it and displays different images depending on the weather. Billboards do not always get a positive reaction，however.The large number of billboards along American highways led to the Highway Beautification Act of 1965.This group of laws aimed to preserve the scenic beauty of t