高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)考前快速?gòu)?fù)習(xí)-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、2012高考英語(yǔ)考前10天語(yǔ)法過一遍八、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問式簡(jiǎn)答式can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語(yǔ)中常用）可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問句中）cannot/cannot/can'tdoCando？Yes,can.No,can't.couldcouldn'tdomay可以（問句中表示請(qǐng)求）可能，或許（表推測(cè)）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）maynotdoMaydo？Yes,may.No,mustn't/can'tmightmightnotdoMightdo？Yes,mightNo,mightnot.mu

2、st必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)）mustnot/mustn'dobustdo?to.Yes,must.No,needn't/don'thavehaveto只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱的變化）don'thavetodoDohavetodo？Yes,do.No,don't.oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should）oughtnotto/oughtn'ttodoOughttodo？Yes,ought.No,oughtn't.shall用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅

3、等shallnot/shan'tdShalldo？Yes,shall.No,shan't.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）本該（含有責(zé)備意味）shouldnot/shouldn'tdoShoulddo？will意愿，決心請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉willnot/won'tdotWill/Woulddo？Yes,will.No,won't.wouldwouldnot/wouldn'dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）darenot/daren'tdDaredo？Yes,dare.No,daren't.need需

4、要，必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）neednot/needn'doheeddo？Yes,must.No,needn't.usedto過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）usednot/usedn't/usenUsedtodo？'Dtdusetodo？Yes,used.No,use(d)n't.tododidn'tusetodoYes,did.No,didn't.II情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)表示“能力、許可”的can和may表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/couldAcomputerthinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can

5、'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.mightnot表示許可時(shí)用may/might,can/could者E可以，但在問句中用could或might？以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一疋，必須，mustn表示禁止，不許可）。 一CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,youA.willB.couldC.mayD.might Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.won't/can'tB.mustn't/mayC.shouldn&

6、#39;t/mustD.can't/shddn't在冃疋句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特疋場(chǎng)合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto表示"推斷、判斷”的canmay,must在冃疋句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語(yǔ)氣取冃疋,may表示的是事頭上的可能性。Petercomewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC

7、.canD.will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can'時(shí)用以代替mustn'，吾氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。Michaelbeapoliceman,forhe'smuchtooshortA.needn'tB.can'tC.shouldD.may在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeve

8、rybusynow?needneed作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。daredare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個(gè)詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑-問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon'tknowwhetherhedaresay.注意:Hedoesntdare(to)answerthequestion.(否疋句)Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?(疑問句)shall用于第一人稱：征求對(duì)方的意見。Whatshallwedothisevening?用于

9、第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。Youshallfailifyoudon'twc警告harder.Heshallhavethebookwhen1finishreading.允諾Heshallbepunished.威脅should勸告、建議廠命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.Ishould(oughtto)helphimbecauseheisintrouble.will/would請(qǐng)求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。Wouldyoupassmethebook?表示意志、愿望和決心。Iwillneverdot

10、hatagain.Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagainwould可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。DuringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweekThewoundwouldnotheal.(傷口老是不能愈合)would表示估計(jì)或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.Whatwouldshebedoingthere?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone的用法could+havedone:本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn'ttryyourbest.ca

11、nnot+havedo-ne：表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測(cè)。Hecannothavebeentothattown.can+主語(yǔ)+havedone:表示對(duì)過去仃為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問句中）。Canhehavegotthebook?might(may)+havedone:對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測(cè)。Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.must+havedone:對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測(cè)。其否定式為：cannothavedone。Youmusthaveseenthef

12、ilm.Youcannothaveseenthefilm.needn't+iavedone:本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了。Youneedn'thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.注意：didntneedto(haveto)do:沒有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做Ididn'tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.should(oughtto)+havedone:本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier

13、,butyoudidn't.Sheshouldn'thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIworkedtouseit.注意：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.(表推測(cè))虛擬語(yǔ)氣類別用法例句If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式(be用were)主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+doIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.與過去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+done主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+doneIfIhadbeenfree,lw

14、ouldhavevisitedyou.與將來事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+todor主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.省略if的虛擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were，had,should放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝 Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup. WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit. HadIbeenfree,lwouldhavevisitedyou.混合虛擬條件句不同時(shí)間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則 Ifheh

15、adlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow. Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow. IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.n虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則 Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn'tcarefulenough. Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.含蓄虛擬條件句butfo葉名詞表示虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查-B

16、utforyourtimelywarning,weintogreattrouble.-Youknowwe'refriends.A.wouldgetB.musthavegotC.wouldhavegotD.can'havegotwithout+名詞表示虛擬條件考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.動(dòng)詞不定式表示虛擬條件Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.如果用這種方式，僅僅對(duì)了一半。現(xiàn)在分詞表示

17、虛擬條件Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.要是及時(shí)得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場(chǎng)事故。過去分詞表示虛擬條件Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長(zhǎng)的更好。副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.我當(dāng)時(shí)太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件Hefatterbutheeatstoolittle.A.wouldbecomeB.would

18、havebecomeC.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome其它狀語(yǔ)從句asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。注意：asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣：當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)：Itsoundsasifitisraining.聽起來像是在下雨。Hetalksasifheisdrunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas. 與過去事實(shí)相反HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeerntherebefore. 與將來事實(shí)相反Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從