【牛津譯林版】（江蘇專用）2012屆高三英語一輪復習精品學案：語法部分第2講冠詞

1、第2講 冠詞（要點透視）一、不定冠詞(a/an)規(guī)則1：當緊挨著不定冠詞的單詞的第一個音素為輔音音素時，用a；而當緊挨著不定冠詞的單詞的第一個音素為元音音素時，用an?！咎貏e提醒】判斷a還是an的依據(jù)是其后的詞的發(fā)音，而不是單純判斷是否元音字母。a university student, a unique style, a European writer, an honest boy, an xray, an 800metrelong bridge規(guī)則2：“a/an 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”常用來表示泛指。I only know it was a dog not a cat that bit me. 我

2、只知道是狗咬了我而不是貓。The boy was very pleased to have caught a fish. 這男孩很高興抓住了一條魚。規(guī)則3：序數(shù)詞前面加不定冠詞a/an表示“再一，又一”。She didn't like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one. 她不喜歡這兩個包的顏色，又要了一個。They have a second house in the country. 他們在鄉(xiāng)下還有一間房子。規(guī)則4：在“of a/an 名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定冠詞a/an表示“同一，相同”，相當于the same。T

3、hey are all songs of a type. 它們是同類型的歌曲。Birds of a feather flock together. 物以類聚，人以群分。規(guī)則5：不定冠詞a/an用在姓氏和星期名稱前表示“某一個”，“有一個”；也可指與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事物，相當于“a certain”。We all regard him as a living Lei Feng.我們把他當做活雷鋒。A Mr. Li died on a Saturday. 有個李先生死于某個星期天。規(guī)則6：a/an 在表示時間和度量單位的名詞前，表示“每一”。He walks twenty miles an

4、hour.他每小時走20英里。規(guī)則7：不定冠詞a/an用在某些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種，一件，一個”之意；如果這些名詞前有形容詞修飾，則不定冠詞通常不可少。She was a beauty when young. 她年輕的時候是個美人。He received a good education. 他接受過很好的教育。規(guī)則8：moon, sky, world等表示世界上獨一無二的事物被形容詞修飾時前面要加不定冠詞。When can we enjoy a new moon? 我們何時才能欣賞到一彎新月呢？規(guī)則9：用于most 前表示程度，意為“非常，十分”。It's a most i

5、nteresting book. 這是一本非常有趣的書。二、 定冠詞(the)定冠詞(the)主要用于特指，但也可以用于泛指。所謂特指，是指上文已提到的人和物，或是被限制性修飾語加以限定的人和物，也可指說話雙方心目中所默認的特定的人和物。規(guī)則1：方位名詞east, west, south, north, left, right, front, middle 和時間名詞present, past, future前都要用定冠詞the。He lives in the north. 他生活在北方。We learn from the past, experience the present, and h

6、ope for the future. 我們學習過去，體驗現(xiàn)在，展望未來?！咀⒁狻孔鞲痹~用時不加冠詞。He was then heading east for the school farm.他當時正朝東向?qū)W校農(nóng)場走去。規(guī)則2：定冠詞用于姓氏名稱的復數(shù)前，表示“一家人或夫婦倆”。The Smiths live in the apartment above ours. 史密斯一家住在我們上面的一個公寓里。規(guī)則3：by 和計量單位名詞連用時，名詞前要用冠詞the；但如果該名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，則不用冠詞。例如：by the yard/the meter/the dozen/the month/ the

7、 year/the hour, 但是要說：by weight/volume/area。He pays the rent by the month. 他按月付房租。They got their pay by weight. 他們按重量取酬。規(guī)則4：當西洋樂器名稱作play的賓語時，名詞前必須加定冠詞the。She is good at playing the piano. 她鋼琴彈得好。規(guī)則5：名詞由短語或定語從句修飾而成為特指時要加定冠詞the；但是，修飾以后仍然是泛指時就不能用定冠詞。This morning I saw a woman who looked like your aunt.

8、今天上午我看到了一位婦女，她很像你的阿姨。You'd better ask the woman who sits in front of you to help you. 你最好請坐在你前面的婦女幫你。規(guī)則6：“the 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”表示泛指時通常是在談?wù)摪l(fā)明物和科技問題，而“the 表人的形容詞或表國籍的形容詞(以sh或ch結(jié)尾的)”表示泛指時是指“某一類人和全體某國人”。Do you know who invented the telephone? 你知道是誰發(fā)明了電話嗎？Her job was to take care of the wounded. 她的工作就是照顧傷員。The

9、 British are very proud of their sense of humor. 英國人為自己的幽默感而自豪。規(guī)則7：用于某些介詞短語中指身體的某個部分。We caught him by the arm. 我們抓住了他的胳膊。He patted me on the back. 他輕輕地拍了拍我的背。規(guī)則8：另外，獨一無二的名詞、江河湖海(山脈、群島、海灣、海峽)等地理名詞、形容詞和副詞最高級及某些含有普通名詞的專有名詞(國名、組織機構(gòu)、建筑物、報紙雜志、會議條約等)前要用定冠詞。He looked up at the stars in the sky. 他抬頭看了看天上的星星。

10、Of the four of us, I sang the worst. 我們4個當中，我唱得最差。The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea. 黃河流入渤海。We visited the Great Wall yesterday. 昨天我們參觀了長城。規(guī)則9：用在習慣語中。in the end, on the whole, by the way三、零冠詞 (即不用冠詞)規(guī)則1：物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都是不可數(shù)名詞，泛指總稱時不用冠詞。Wealth does not always bring happiness. 財富不總是會帶來幸福。I love musi

11、c, while my brother likes art. 我喜歡音樂，而我兄弟卻愛好藝術(shù)。規(guī)則2：class, school, church, college, university, hospital, prison, court, bed, table等名詞，當我們?nèi)∷鼈兊墓δ芤饬x作某一目的用時，不加冠詞；如果這些名詞表示“場所”時，要加冠詞。He left school at the age of 18. 他18 歲學校畢業(yè)。They live near a school. 他們靠一所學校居住。Parents should tell children to behave well a

12、t table. 父母應(yīng)教育孩子注意餐桌禮儀。A bowl fell off the table. 一只碗從桌子上掉了下來。規(guī)則3: society表示“我們居住的社會”時， space表示“星球間的距離即太空”時， nature表示“大自然”時， most表示“大多數(shù)”， man 表示“人類”，word表示“消息”時都不用冠詞。Racism exists at all levels of society.種族主義存在于社會各階層。規(guī)則4：“kind of 名詞”中的名詞不用冠詞，類似的名詞還有：type, sort, species。Today's vehicles use two

13、kinds of fuel petrol and diesel.如今的車輛使用兩種燃料汽油和柴油。He's a fine type of Chinese gentleman. 他是中國紳士的典范。規(guī)則5: 在動詞turn之后作表語的名詞前不用冠詞。在as(雖然)引導的讓步狀語從句前面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。He used to be a teacher till he turned writer. 他在成為作家以前一直是老師。Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after clas

14、s.雖然他是個安靜的學生，下課后他經(jīng)常談?wù)撍貏e喜歡的歌星。 規(guī)則6：三餐，球類運動和棋類游戲名詞前不用冠詞。play football 踢足球play chess 下國際象棋規(guī)則7：表示職位、身份、頭銜和季節(jié)、年份、日期的名詞前不用冠詞。President was holding the meeting. 董事長在主持會議。Spring is at hand. 春天即將來臨。規(guī)則8：多數(shù)街名、廣場名、車站、機場、公園、橋梁名、大學名、節(jié)日名、雜志名前不用冠詞。Time Square 時代廣場St. Valentine's Day 情人節(jié)Reader's Digest 讀者文摘

15、規(guī)則9：一些慣用成語中常使用零冠詞。at table 在吃飯on purpose 故意的by letter/mail/telephone/land/sea 通過書信/郵件/電話/陸路/海路第2講 冠詞（考點突破）() 1. If I were in _ position of the mayor, I wouldn't allow _ factory like this standing on the bank of the Yangtze River.(2010·重慶高三模擬)A. a; the B. the；/ C. the; a D. /; the() 2. Mrs.

16、Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _ higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at _ time, for 7 years. (2010·江蘇寧海外國語學校高三月考)A. a; a B. /; the C. the; a D. /; /【解析】1. C第一空后的position 后有限定語，表示特指，所以用定冠詞；第二空后的factory為可數(shù)名詞，且表示泛指，所以加不定冠詞。2. Aeducation為不可數(shù)名詞，但前面有修飾語，具體化了，加定冠詞；at a time

17、為固定搭配，表示“一次”。() 3. There is _ small temple on the island, which can only be reached by _ water. (2011·云南昆明一中高三月考)A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. the; /() 4. Excuse me, where can I get _ application form? Go to _ Window 10, please. (2010·北京市重點中學高三考前預測)A. an; / B. an; the C. /; / D. the; th

18、e () 5. It is reported that a car went out of _ control on a high way _ north of Tangshan and three people got killed. (2010·河北唐山一中高考模擬)A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /() 6. Department of Homeland Security and CIA produced _ joint report on Monday warning that _ next 9·11 could in f

19、act occur on _ different date. (2011·河南鄭州四中高三調(diào)考)A. the; a; the B. a; the; a C. the; the; a D. a; /; the () 7. What _ disappointment to see Liu Xiang quit his game in _ 29th Beijing Olympic Games! But I still support him. After all, he is in poor health.(2011·江蘇白塔高級中學高三月考)A. /; the B. a; th

20、e C. the; / D. the; the () 8. When the ship was on _ point of sinking, people on _ board rushed to the bank. (2011·四川成都市三校高三聯(lián)考)A. the; / B. a; a C. the; the D. /; the() 9. With its rising economy in China, _ car is becoming _ common means of transportation. (2011·浙江衢州市杜澤中學高三第一次模擬)A. a; the

21、 B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the ()10. Do you know your cousin plays _ piano all day even on the National Day? I know he wants to be _ Lang Lang.(2011·四川成都七中學情檢測)A. the; the B. the; a C. /; a D. /; the ()11. If you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well

22、 with _ others. (2011·福建福州三中高三月考)A. /; an; the B. the; an; the C. a; the; / D. a; the; the ()12. Mr. White, who comes from _ European country, has formed _ habit of attending _ church on Sundays.(2010·浙江杭州西湖高級中學高三月考)A. an; /; the B. a; the; / C. an; the; / D. a; a; a()13. On April 14th, re

23、sidents of China's remote Yushu County, located on _ Tibetan plateau, were awoken by _ strong earthquake. (2010·江蘇南京一中高三模擬)A. the; the B. a; the C. a; / D. the; a ()14. I've heard that most schools have banned _ junk food and brought out new menus. “That's cool”， said Andrew, _ 11th

24、 grader. (2010·江蘇宿遷市高三模擬)A. /; an B. /; the C. the; a D. the; / ()15. The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. (2010·江蘇建湖二中高三模擬)A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. /; / ()16. Did Susanna visit you again _ next year? No, it was almost ten years bef

25、ore she came to see me _ second time.(2010·江蘇省泰州/南通市高三模擬)A. the; a B. the; / C. a; the D. a; a()17. Hunger is _ number one global health risk, so the WFP has organized a lot of programmes, which targets people most at _ risk. (2010·江蘇鹽城中學高三期中考試)A. the; / B. a; /C. the; the D. a; a17. A第一空用定冠詞，特指“第一位的威脅”；at risk 為固定短語，表示“處于危險中”。()18. In recent years, _ problem of global warming has become very serious. That's right. People are facing _ diversity of natural disasters now.(2010·江蘇南京十三中高三考前模擬)A. /; a B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a ()19. In recent years, _