非限制性定語(yǔ)從句完整版

1、GrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive ClauseThe old man has a son, who is in the army .The old man has a son who is in the army.非限制性非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句限制性限制性定語(yǔ)從定語(yǔ)從句句這位老人有一個(gè)兒子，在這位老人有一個(gè)兒子，在部隊(duì)工作。（隱含的意義：部隊(duì)工作。（隱含的意義：只有一個(gè)兒子）只有一個(gè)兒子）這位老人有個(gè)在部隊(duì)工作的兒子。這位老人有個(gè)在部隊(duì)工作的兒子。(隱含的意義：也許老人還有其他隱含的意義：也許老人還有其他的兒子，在干

2、別的工作的兒子，在干別的工作)Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher angry.Jim doesnt like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry.限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句吉姆不喜歡問使老師生氣的問題。（吉姆不喜歡問使老師生氣的問題。（which修飾修飾questions）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句吉姆不喜歡問問題，這讓老師很生氣。吉姆不喜歡問問題，這讓老師很生氣。（which修飾前面的整個(gè)句子）修飾前面的整個(gè)句子）a) She has two bro

3、thers who are working in the city. 她有兩個(gè)在這個(gè)城市工作的弟弟。她有兩個(gè)在這個(gè)城市工作的弟弟。(She has more than two brothers.)b) She has two brothers, who are working in the city. 她有兩個(gè)弟弟她有兩個(gè)弟弟, 他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市工作。他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市工作。(She has only two brothers.)品味一品味一“翻翻”下面兩個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)逗號(hào)之差下面兩個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)逗號(hào)之差, 意義大相徑庭。意義大相徑庭。a)He will wear no clothes which

4、will make him different from others. 他不會(huì)穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。他不會(huì)穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。 b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others. 他不穿衣服他不穿衣服, 這會(huì)使他顯得與眾不同。這會(huì)使他顯得與眾不同。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：+,+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞先行詞先行詞She has two brothers, (who are working in the city).+其他其他部分部分Conclusion 1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行

5、詞關(guān)系 （A:密切;B:松散），是先行詞 (A:可缺少;B:不可缺少)的部分, 去掉它，主句意思 (A:不明確;B: 明確.)翻譯時(shí),從句先譯,“的” 2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明,去掉 （A:會(huì)影響;B:不會(huì)影響）主句的意思。翻譯時(shí)，主句先譯，從句單獨(dú)成句ABAB非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的指代關(guān)系非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的指代關(guān)系指人指人指物指物在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)指代整個(gè)主句指代整個(gè)主句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞(where, when)的指代關(guān)系的指代關(guān)系指地點(diǎn)指地點(diǎn)指時(shí)間指時(shí)間 在定語(yǔ)從句中的

6、作用在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)that, why不能在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中使用。不能在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中使用。tip介詞介詞+which限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表表意意功功能能形形式式修飾修飾_修飾修飾_或或_無(wú)無(wú)_與主句分開與主句分開有有_與主句分開與主句分開使用時(shí)可以用使用時(shí)可以用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)與主句語(yǔ)意關(guān)系與主句語(yǔ)意關(guān)系_(緊湊緊湊/松散松散)，定，定從從_(不能不能/能能)刪除刪除與主句語(yǔ)意關(guān)系與主句語(yǔ)意關(guān)系_,定從定從_刪除刪除使用時(shí)不能用使用時(shí)不能用_引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)緊湊緊湊不能不能松散松散能能先行先行詞詞先行先行詞詞整個(gè)句子整個(gè)

7、句子逗逗號(hào)號(hào)逗逗號(hào)號(hào)that當(dāng)我們做非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的練習(xí)時(shí)當(dāng)我們做非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的練習(xí)時(shí), 往往先確定先行詞往往先確定先行詞, 然后再分析先行詞然后再分析先行詞在從句中的作用在從句中的作用, 再對(duì)關(guān)系詞加以選擇。再對(duì)關(guān)系詞加以選擇。整理一番整理一番 1.I love the book (which )I bought yesterday . 2. This gift was the Amber Room, which we gave this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作關(guān)系代

8、詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作_ 時(shí)可以省略。時(shí)可以省略。 關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可以可以_。賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)省略省略3. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.4. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all of us.大多數(shù)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞大多數(shù)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ), 而有時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行而有時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)

9、從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句詞也可為整個(gè)主句, 此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由句常由 _ 引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。which 5.She has married again, which delighted us 6.Spiders are not insects, as many people think. =(As many people think, spiders are not insects.)as (譯為譯為 _) 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置比較靈活的位置比較靈活, 可位于所修飾的句子可位于所修飾的句子之后之后, 句句中或句首中或句首; 而由而由 which

10、 (譯為譯為 _) 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不位于句首不位于句首。 “正如正如”“這這” 或或 “這件事這件事”7.This is the girl whom/who I met in the street.8.A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用語(yǔ)時(shí)可用 _代替，代替，但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用 _。（指人）。（指人）whowhomAs “正如、像正如、像

11、一樣一樣” 位置可放在主句前面，也可放位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面在后面。而。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句只能放在主句之后之后，且無(wú)，且無(wú)“正如正如”之意。之意。試比較下面兩個(gè)句子。試比較下面兩個(gè)句子。 He went abroad, _was expected.He went abroad, _was unexpected.aswhich當(dāng)從句是否定句或表示否定意義時(shí)，只能用當(dāng)從句是否定句或表示否定意義時(shí)，只能用which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。從句與主句的關(guān)系從句的作用從句是否可以去掉是否運(yùn)用逗號(hào)讀時(shí)是否停頓翻譯時(shí)的區(qū)別先行詞的形式從句是否可以修飾句子關(guān)系代

12、詞Which/Who 在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)是否可以省略Whom在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)是否可以用that或who代替That的運(yùn)用關(guān)系副詞Why的運(yùn)用兩類 定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句與主句的關(guān)系從句與主句的關(guān)系密切密切疏松疏松從句的作用從句的作用修飾說明先行詞，限修飾說明先行詞，限制作用制作用附加、補(bǔ)充說明，不附加、補(bǔ)充說明，不起限制作用起限制作用從句是否可以去掉從句是否可以去掉不能，刪除后影響整不能，刪除后影響整個(gè)句意的表達(dá)個(gè)句意的表達(dá)能能是否運(yùn)用逗號(hào)是否運(yùn)用逗號(hào)不運(yùn)用不運(yùn)用運(yùn)用運(yùn)用逗號(hào)逗號(hào)讀時(shí)是否停頓讀時(shí)是否停頓不停頓不停頓停頓停頓翻譯時(shí)的區(qū)別翻譯時(shí)

13、的區(qū)別常翻譯為定語(yǔ)，常翻譯為定語(yǔ)，“的的”常翻譯為常翻譯為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子句子先行詞的形式先行詞的形式名詞、代詞名詞、代詞名詞、代詞、名詞、代詞、句子句子從句是否可以修飾句從句是否可以修飾句子子不可以不可以可以，從可以，從句由句由which或或as引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)。as 可可位于所位于所修飾的修飾的句子之后句子之后, 句中句中或句首或句首; 而由而由 which不不能能位位于句首。于句首。 限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞who ，whom， whose， that ，whichw h o ( 做 主 語(yǔ) ) ， whom（做賓語(yǔ)），Whose ，whichWhich/Who 在從句中做

14、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)是否可以省略可省略（that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可以省略）不可省略Whom在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)是否可以用that或who代替可代替不可代替That的運(yùn)用可以用that不可用that關(guān)系副詞When，where，WhyWhen，whereWhy的運(yùn)用可以用Why用for which替代Why錯(cuò)漏錯(cuò)漏“擺擺”出出1. People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang, he was the first Chinese to walk in space .2. Many Chinese will never forget May 12th, 2008, when a b

15、ig earthquake happened in Sichuan then.3. Which is shown on TV, many children suffered a lot from the polluted milk.hewhothen 去掉去掉WhichAs錯(cuò)漏錯(cuò)漏“擺擺”出出4. China got the most gold medals in the Olympics, that makes people excited.5. I dream of going to Beijing, which the 29th Olympic Games was held.thatwh

16、ichwhichwhere/ in whichcompetition Task 1: Fill in the blanks using which, as, when, who, whom, where, when, why, that.(1) St Petersburg is a very beautiful city, _ was once called Leningrad.(2) In Xian, I met a teacher, _ has a strong love for cultural relics and took me to visit the history museum

17、.whichwho(3) I dont remember the soldier, _ told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.(4) My grandfather was a child then, _ people didnt pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days. (5) They moved the boxes to a mine, _ they wanted to hide them. whowhenwhere(1) What surprised me was not

18、what he said but the way _ he said it.(2) Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (06山東）山東）(that/in which)whereTask 2: Practice.(3) _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.(4) This is the very house _ he lived.(5) Next winter, _ you will sp

19、end in Harbin, Im sure, will be another exciting holiday.(6) Thats the reason _ he was late.Aswherewhichwhy(7) The pictures brought the days back to the old _ they swam in the river.(8) Robert and his songs _ were famous in the U. S. are also popular in China.(9) They are always smoking, _ of course, will do harm to their health.(10) The situation _ you use the words is very