現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)

1、Unit 9:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done) 二句型：否認(rèn)句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否認(rèn))三用法1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在

2、這兒)My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒) 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作用行為動詞表示或狀態(tài)be動詞表示常與for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子連用. for+時(shí)段since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)譯為：自從以來since+時(shí)段+agosince+從句過去時(shí)It is+時(shí)段+since+從句過去時(shí)Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)

3、的區(qū)別 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去過已不在去過的地方My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久還在所呆的地方My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義: * 以al

4、ready, just和yet為標(biāo)志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasn't come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過

5、美國三次了。* 以so far到目前為止為標(biāo)+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)的特性和“時(shí)間點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。* for+時(shí)段 since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)過去 從句為標(biāo)志注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

6、往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用六過去分詞 1 、規(guī)那么動詞：規(guī)那么動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么與規(guī)那么動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)那么： (1)、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed 。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e 結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d 。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的動詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ，再加“ ed 。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，

7、末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed 。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不規(guī)那么動詞：AAA型原型 過去式 過去分詞burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitput put putset set setshut shut shutspread spread spreadread read read read原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/,過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音為/red/AAB型

8、beat beat beaten ABA型become became becomerun ran runcome came come特殊情況 ABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built builtburn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundhear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept keptlay laid laidlead led ledlose l

9、ost lostmake made mademeet met metsell sold soldshoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stoodsweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told told think thought thoughtwin won wonABC型 begin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke brokenchoose chose chosendraw drew drawndrive drove drivendrink drank drunk f

10、ly flew flownforgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave givengrow grew grownknow knew knownride rode riddenrise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shakensing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote written七 瞬間動詞buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,

11、join 不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞buy-have borrow -keep come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be awaybegin-be on finish-be overopen-be open close -be closed die-be dead1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borr

12、owed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be形容詞代終止性動詞 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wak

13、e/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be副詞代終止性動詞 1“beon代start,begin 2“beup代get up 3“beback(to)代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be介詞短語代終止性動詞 1.“be in

14、/at +地點(diǎn)代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)代替move to 常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相應(yīng)的介詞2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. ha

15、ve closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. havemarried have been married；12. have started/begun to d

16、o sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold； 18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Pa

17、rty/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)(一)A)選用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改寫以下各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否認(rèn)句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否認(rèn)答復(fù))

18、_C) 單項(xiàng)選擇6. -Where have you _, Kate?-I've _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. It's six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at We

19、st Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)二一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what's happened to him .呼和浩特. knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _

20、？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .文檔來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _a

21、lready _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the Unit

22、ed States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has j

23、oined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began

24、15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom,

25、 ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle_for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left

26、 the university二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, ?改成反意疑問句 2、They have been here since 2000. (對劃線局部提問)_they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He資料個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途 for a year. (die) 動詞填空4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss

27、Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .同義句 Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _ 三、

28、漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。個(gè)人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過長城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海。6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？參考答案：一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點(diǎn)在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already已經(jīng)，just剛剛，正好，ever曾經(jīng)，never從來，也不；從不，before以前，yet仍然等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently近來，so far到目前為止，in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間等時(shí)間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)