13年改革后四級(jí)全真試卷_翻譯題

1、翻譯1春節(jié)貼年畫(pastingNewYearPrints)的風(fēng)俗源自于往房子外面的門上貼門神(DoorGods)的傳統(tǒng)。隨著木質(zhì)雕刻品(boardcarvings)的出現(xiàn)，年畫包含了更廣泛的主題，最出名的就是門神，三大神福神、薪神和壽神(ThreeGodsofBlessing,SalaryandLongevity)，寓意著莊稼豐收'家畜興旺和慶祝春節(jié)。年畫的四大產(chǎn)地分別是蘇州桃花塢、河北武強(qiáng)和山東濰坊?，F(xiàn)在中國(guó)農(nóng)村仍然保持著貼年畫的傳統(tǒng)，而在城市里很少有人貼年畫。譯：ThecustomofpastingNewYearPrintsinSpringFestivaloriginatedfr

2、omthetraditionofpastingDoorGodsontheexternaldoorsofthehouse.Withthecreationofboardcarvings,NewYearpaintingscoverawiderangeofsubjects,ThemostfamousonesareDoorGodandThreeGodsofBlessing,SalaryandLongevity,signifyingtheabundantharvestofcrops,theprosperityofdomesticanimalsandthecelebrationofSpringFestiva

3、l.FourproducingareasofNewYearPrintsareTaohuawuofSuzhou,YangliuqingofTianjing,WuqiangofHebeiandWeifangOfShandong.NowthetraditionofpastingNewYearpaintingsisstillkeptinruralChina,whileitisseldomfollowedincities.“2春聯(lián)(TheSpringCouplet)”也被成為“對(duì)聯(lián)(couplet)”，在中國(guó)是一種特殊的文學(xué)形式。春聯(lián)是由貼在門口兩側(cè)兩組對(duì)立的句子(antitheticalsentenc

4、es)組成。在門上的橫批(horizontalscrollbearinganinscription)通常是一個(gè)吉祥的短語(yǔ)。貼在門右側(cè)的句子被稱作對(duì)聯(lián)的上聯(lián)(Thefirstlineofthecouplet)，左側(cè)的為下聯(lián)。除夕那天，每家都會(huì)在門上貼上紅紙寫的春聯(lián)，傳遞出節(jié)日的喜慶和熱鬧的(hilarious)氣氛。在過去，中國(guó)人通常用毛筆寫春聯(lián)或者請(qǐng)別人寫春聯(lián)，而現(xiàn)在，人們普遍在市場(chǎng)上買印刷好的春聯(lián)。譯：TheSpringCouplet,alsocalledcouplet,isaspecialformofliteratureinChina.TheSpringCoupletiscomposedo

5、ftwoantitheticalsentencesonbothsidesofthedoor.Abovethegateisahorizontalscrollbearinganinscription,usuallyblessingphrase.Thesentencepastingontherightsideofthedooriscalledthefirstlineofthecouplet,andtheleftoneisthesecondline.OntheeveoftheSpringFestival,everyhouseholdwillpasteonthedoorsaspringcoupletwr

6、ittenonredpapertogiveahappyandhilariousatmosphereoftheFestival.Inthepast,theChineseusuallywrotetheirownspringcoupletwithabrushoraskedotherstodoitforthem,whilenowadays,itiscommonforpeopletobuytheprintedspringcoupletinthemarket.3僅僅鼠標(biāo)一點(diǎn)，購(gòu)物者就幾乎能在網(wǎng)上買到任何東西，從食品雜貨到汽車，從保險(xiǎn)單(insurancepolicies)到房貸。電子商務(wù)(electron

7、iccommerce)的世界使得消費(fèi)者無(wú)需離開舒適的家就能夠在數(shù)以千計(jì)的網(wǎng)店購(gòu)物，并且完成付款。消費(fèi)者期望商家(merchants)不僅僅能夠在網(wǎng)上銷售產(chǎn)品，而且能夠讓支付過程變得簡(jiǎn)單、安全。當(dāng)然，網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物者也需要謹(jǐn)慎小心以保證愉快、安全的網(wǎng)購(gòu)經(jīng)歷。譯：Withjustaclickofthemouse,shopperscanbuyanyproductonline,fromgroceriestocars,frominsurancepoliciestohouseloans.Theworldofelectroniccommerceenablesconsumerstoshopatthousandofo

8、nlinestoresandpayfortheirpurchasewithoutleavingthecomfortablehome.ConsumersexpectmerchantsnotonlytomaketheirproductsavailablealsoontheWeb,butalsotomakepaymentsasimpleandsecureprocess.Ofcourse,onlineshoppersneedtobecautioustomaketheironlineshoppingexperiencesenjoyableandsafe.4:自1978年改革開放(economicopen

9、ingupandreform)以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了90倍，是增長(zhǎng)最快的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體(economicentity)。預(yù)測(cè)2011到2015年，年均GDP增長(zhǎng)會(huì)保持9.5%。中國(guó)是世界最大的出口國(guó)，第二大進(jìn)口國(guó)。也是世界第二大奢侈品消費(fèi)國(guó)。目前GDP位于世界第二，大約6萬(wàn)億美元，相當(dāng)于美國(guó)的四成，但人均(percapita)只有4300美元。不同地區(qū)、城鄉(xiāng)之間發(fā)展也不平衡。發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)集中在東南沿海，其余地方則普遍落后。譯：Sinceeconomicopeningupandreformpolicybeganin1978,China'seconomyhasgrownby90timesandist

10、hefastestgrowingmajoreconomicentityintheworld.China'sannualaverageGDPgrowthispredictedtobe9.5percentintheperiodof2011to2015.Chinaistheworld'slargestexporterofgoodsandthesecondlargestimporter.Itisalsoknownastheworld'ssecondbiggestconsumerofluxurygoods.ItnowhastheworldsecondlargestGDPatabo

11、ut6trillionUSdollars,40percentoftheUnitedStates,butitspercapitaincomeisonly4300dollars.China'sgrowthhasbeenunevenwhencomparingdifferentregionsandruralandurbanareas.Developedareashavebeenmainlyconcentratedinthesoutheasterncoastalregions,whiletheremainderofthiscountryareleftbehind.5據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)網(wǎng)上調(diào)查顯示，55

12、%的中國(guó)青年認(rèn)為自己對(duì)生活缺乏熱情，71%的人認(rèn)為他們承受著巨大壓力。焦慮普遍存在于中國(guó)年輕人中。名車、豪宅和優(yōu)越的生活(liveaprivilegedlife)是人們追求的目標(biāo)。然而，與高昂的房?jī)r(jià)、教育支出和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用相比，他們的工資低且增長(zhǎng)緩慢，看不到脫離困境的希望，焦慮因此而產(chǎn)生。譯：Arecentonlinesurveyfindsthat55percentofyoungpeopleinChinathoughttheylackedenthusiasmforlife,and71percentconsideredthemselvesunderheavypressure.Anxietyisaco

13、mmonphenomenonamongyoungChinesetoday.Brand-namecars,luxurioushousesandlivingaprivilegedlifearepeople'sdrivengoals.However,comparedwiththehighhousingprices,educationexpensesandmedicalcosts,theirincomeistoolowwithslowgrowthandtheyseelittlehopeforescaping,soanxietyoccurs.6要給中國(guó)的背包旅行現(xiàn)象找一個(gè)確切的淵源，似乎不是一件

14、太容易的事。不過這種新型的旅游方式，也已經(jīng)吸引了成千上萬(wàn)的愛好者。而想要成為驢友'(backpackers),你不一定要年富力強(qiáng)，也不一定要囊中富足。驢友'們很多不過是口袋空空的學(xué)生，每一次旅途都要精打細(xì)算，而另一些人則可能已到了中老年。他們通過旅行自立自強(qiáng)(self-reliance)的精神，也在旅行中相互關(guān)愛。譯：ItdoesnotseemtobeeasytasktoseektheoriginsofthebackpackersphenomenoninChina,yettensofthousandsofpeoplehavebeenappealedtothisnewtypeof

15、tourism.BackpackersinChinaarenotnecessarilyyoungoraffluent;manyofthemareimpoverishedstudentswhobudgettheirtravelsverycarefully,andsomearemiddle-agedpeopleorseniorcitizens.Duringthetravel,theypursuethespiritofself-relianceandtakecareofeachother.7唐朝(TangDynasty)被歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為是中國(guó)文明最輝煌的時(shí)期。唐朝的首都在長(zhǎng)安。在與印度和中東(theM

16、iddleEast)的交流中，在他們的促進(jìn)下，唐朝在許多領(lǐng)域里得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。唐朝是文學(xué)和藝術(shù)的黃金時(shí)期。唐朝通過科舉制度(civilserviceexaminations)在全國(guó)選出優(yōu)秀的儒家文人(Confucianliterati)為政府效力，而唐朝的政治體系在儒學(xué)官僚(Confucianbureaucratic)的支持之下日臻完善。公元8世紀(jì)中期，唐朝勢(shì)力開始衰落。譯：TangDynasty,whosecapitalisChang'an,isregardedbyhistoriansasahighpointinChinesecivilization.Stimulatedbythe

17、contactwithIndiaandtheMiddleEast,theempiresawagreatdevelopmentinmanyfields.Thetangperiodwasthegoldenageofliteratureandart.ServedbyalargeclassofConfucianliteratiselectedthroughcivilserviceexaminations,thegovernmentsystemoftangDynastywasgraduallyperfectedunderthesupportofConfucianbureaucratic.Bythemid

18、dleoftheeighthcenturyA.D.,thepowerofTangDynastyhadebbed.8白色污染指的是塑料污染(plasticpollution)。不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到處都是。塑料購(gòu)物袋在空中飛揚(yáng)。如果我們繼續(xù)使用這些會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？有一天，它們會(huì)將我們埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。那時(shí)的地球我們共同的家園將會(huì)成為一個(gè)垃圾桶(dustbin)。為了防止這個(gè)噩夢(mèng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，政府間應(yīng)該互相緊密合作并將口頭承諾付諸實(shí)際行動(dòng)。同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從自身做起，為綠色環(huán)保出一份力。譯：Whitepollutionreferstoplasticpollution.Un

19、recyclableplasticlunchboxesareallalongroads.Plasticshoppingbagsdanceinthewind.Ifweusingthese,whatwouldhappy?Onedaytheymightburyusinanoceanofwhiterubbish.Thentheearth,ourcommonhomeland,wouldbeadustbin.Topreventthisnightmarefromcomingtrue,governmentsneedtoworkcloselywitheachotherandbackuptheirverbalco

20、mmitmentbyactions.We,asindividuals,shouldstartfromourselvestohelpprotectthegreenenvironment9中西方飲食習(xí)慣(eatinghabits)存在極大的差異。不同于西方那種每人一盤食物的飲食習(xí)慣，在中國(guó)，菜肴是被放在桌上讓大家分享的。如果你在中國(guó)主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理準(zhǔn)備。中國(guó)人對(duì)于自己的烹飪文化(cultureofcuisine)感到非常自豪，而且會(huì)盡全力去展示自己的好客(hospitality)。而且有時(shí)候，中國(guó)主任會(huì)用他們的筷子把食物夾道你的碗里或盤子中。這是禮貌的體現(xiàn)。譯：Therear

21、edifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterneatinghabits.UnliketheWest,whereeveryonehastheirownplateoffood,inChinathedishesareplacedonthetableandeverybodyshares.IfyouarebeingtreatedbyaChinesehost,bepreparedforatableoffood.Chineseareveryproudoftheircultureofcuisineandwilldotheirbesttoshowtheirhospitality.AndsometimestheChinesehostsusetheirchopstickstoputfoodinyourbowlorplate.Thisisasi