土木工程研究生復(fù)試專業(yè)英語練習(xí)題

1、土木工程研究生復(fù)試專業(yè)英語試題一、單項(xiàng)選擇 （共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）1. Before designing a project, civil engineers should survey both the ( ) and subsoil features of the proposed site.A. photography B. geographerC. topography D. graphy2. Dams, ( ), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engin

2、eers to work together.A. beam B. columnC. brick D. bridge3. In modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are employed to move mountains and fill valleys to make the ( ) as direct as possible.A. routes B. rootsC. surfaces D. lane4. Between the buildings （ ）a primary school.A. stand B. stand

3、s C. to stand D. standing5. Tensile failure of ( ) concrete happens easily and involves progressive micro-cracking.A. forced B. reinforcedC. steel D. unreinforced6. ( ) concrete is used only for footings and concrete slabs laid on the ground, and for other massive structures.A. forced B. reinforcedC

4、. steel D. Plain7.The laws that （ ）how the buildings maybe made are building codes.A. tell B. tells C. told D. telling8. The steel bars in concrete take the ( )component of the bending moment.A. shear B. compressiveC. tensile D. draw9.It is expensive （ ）future cities on the sea.A. build B. built C.

5、to build D. builds10. Cracks would not only be unsightly but would ( ) the steel bars to corrosion by moisture and other chemical action.A. adopt B. expose C. employ D.make11. The（ ）cements are widely used on the construction site.A. above-mentioned B. above-mentioningC. above-mention D. above-menti

6、ons12. Besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be ( ).A. capable B. considerableC. durable D. beautiful13. It is our duty to （ ）the specification . A. comply with B. complete C. know D. make14. Concrete is ( ) a porous material.A. nature B. inherentlyC. made D. not15. Conc

7、lusions can be ( ) from the above discussion.A. drawn B. tensileC. towed C. looked二、單詞填空（共10空；每空2分，滿分20分）1. The Romans bound their empire together with an extensive system of roads radiating in many directions from Rome.2. Portland cement must pass a series of chemical and physical tests before it c

8、an be shipped.3. Concrete consists of water , cement , aggregate and sand .（admixture）4. A simple contract consists of an agreement entered into by two or more parties.5. The presence of cracks in concrete reduces its resistance to the action of corrosion of reinforced bars.6. Concrete is a widely u

9、sed material in numerous civil engineering structures三、英譯中（短句翻譯，共10句， 每句2分， 滿分20分）1. Later in history, when well-traveled routes were made sturdier with rocks and stones, the path was raised above the surrounding land, it became a “high way”.史上記載，當(dāng)交通量大的道路用更堅(jiān)實(shí)的巖石和石頭來建造，且路面被建在路基上，它就變成了一條“高速公路”。2. The

10、various components of a mix are proportioned so that the resulting concrete has adequate strength, proper workability for placing and low cost.各種成分按比例混合以便所得到的混凝土有足夠的強(qiáng)度、合理的澆筑流動(dòng)性和較低的成本。3. Due to the ability of concrete to be cast on site it allows to be used in different shapes in structures.因?yàn)榛炷辆哂鞋F(xiàn)場

11、澆注的性能，所以它被允許用于各種形狀的結(jié)構(gòu)。4. The first step in building a road is to plan the route. Sometimes the route has been decided by the nature of the land, but today nature can often be conquered.建造一條道路的第一步是制定好路線。有時(shí)是由大自然的土地所決定的，但是當(dāng)今大自然通常可以被征服。5. In addition to the main components of concretes, admixtures are o

12、ften used for special purposes.除了混凝土的主要成分之外，混合劑常用于特殊用途。6. The chemical tests constitute, in effect, a chemical analysis to determine whether the various strength-giving compounds appear in proper quantity, and if there are excessive amounts of certain undesirable substances.實(shí)際上，化學(xué)測試的目的包括一個(gè)化學(xué)分析，以確定各種

13、強(qiáng)度的混合物是否合理，以及它們是否含有過多的雜質(zhì)。7. High or low temperatures and high or low humidity in themselves do not cause significant damage to building materials, but changes in temperature and humidity do.高或低的溫度或濕度的高低本身不會(huì)引起建筑材料重大的破壞，但會(huì)受溫度、濕度影響而發(fā)生變化。8. Curing is the term given to the protection of the concrete duri

14、ng the early stages of hardening, when it requires additional moisture for the continuing hydration of the cement.養(yǎng)護(hù)是指當(dāng)混凝土在硬化凝結(jié)的初期需要額外的水分不斷進(jìn)行水泥的水化反應(yīng)時(shí)對其進(jìn)行保護(hù)的過程。9. The business man concerned with contracts will normally learn about their contents, and the precise but intricate mode of expression that

15、is common to them and to all legal documents, in his own language.商人簽訂合同一般都會(huì)熟悉合同的內(nèi)容，他們會(huì)用自己的語言和準(zhǔn)確且復(fù)雜難懂的表達(dá)方式制定所有合法的文件。10. Contractors are usually unwilling to enter into any entire contracts, other than the very smallest, unless provision is made for interim payments to them as the work proceeds.除了非常小

16、的合同之外，承包商通常是不愿意簽訂任何一整套的合同的，除非有條款規(guī)定隨著工程的進(jìn)行，業(yè)主將付給他們相應(yīng)的報(bào)酬。四、英譯中（短文翻譯，共2篇，每篇10分，滿分20分）1、 The railway of Qingzang begin from Xiningthe capital of Qinghai province to Lasathe capital of Tibet self-governing province . The all way is one thousand and fifty six kilometres. The section of Xingning to Ge'

17、ermu has eight hundred and fourteen kilometres. It begins to build at 1958 and the open to traffic is at 1984. The section of Ge'ermu-Lasa has one thousand one hundred and forty two kilometers long. It started working at June 29 th 2001, and completed at October 15th 2005 and will be put on trai

18、n in July 1st 2006.The Qingzang railway run across the plateau frozen ground and its highest altitude is five thousand and seventy two meters high. It has worked a wonder of upland railway. Its completion and open will play a large role in advancing economy and society development and improving the

19、life of people and strengthening the comity of nations and promoting the communication of culture in the area of Qinghai and Tibet province.青藏鐵路起自西寧（青海省的省會(huì)）終至拉薩（西藏自治區(qū)的省會(huì)），全程總長1056km。西寧到格爾木路段有814km，1958年開始修建，1984年竣工通車。格爾木到拉薩路段有1142km，于2001年6月29日開始修建，2005年10月15日完工，將在2006年7月1日投入使用。 青藏鐵路途經(jīng)高原凍土以及它的最高海拔高達(dá)

20、1072米，它已開創(chuàng)了高原鐵路的奇跡，它的竣工和通車在促進(jìn)青海和西藏兩地區(qū)之間經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展，改善人們生活，加強(qiáng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)以及提升文化交流都起到了很大的作用。2. Concrete is a composite material. It consists of coarse aggregate and a continuous matrix of mortar, which itself comprises a mixture of cement paste and smaller aggregate particles. Its physical behavior is very compl

21、ex, being largely determined by the structure of the composite material, such as the ratio of water to cement, the ratio of cement to aggregate, the shape and size of aggregate, and the kind of cement used.Concrete is reinforced to give it extra strength - without such reinforcement, many building p

22、rojects would be impossible. Reinforced concrete can be used for many types of structures and components and can be made into almost any shape or size. The material is developed by incorporating steel reinforcement bars or fibers into the traditional concrete mix.Concrete reinforcement was first use

23、d in the mid 1800s by a French building contractor. His own house, built with reinforced concrete, still stands some 150 years after construction. The invention of reinforced concrete in the 19th century revolutionized the construction industry, and concrete became one of the world's most common and most important buil