高一英語(yǔ)拓展閱讀 氣候變化下的澳大利亞森林火災(zāi)

1、時(shí)文拓展閱讀I氣候變化下的澳大利亞森林火災(zāi)數(shù)千年來(lái)，澳大利亞的原住民利用野火為自己創(chuàng)造了很多便利，比如清理植被來(lái)開(kāi)辟土地。與此同時(shí)，特定的澳大利亞本土植物群也依賴著叢林大火繁殖，比如大火可以使一些桉樹(shù)的種子開(kāi)裂，從而得以生根發(fā)芽?？墒?，自2019年9月初持續(xù)了四個(gè)多月的大火給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窈蜕鷳B(tài)帶來(lái)更多的卻是痛苦和災(zāi)難Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBB

2、C,thisisthemostcasualties（傷亡）fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincre

3、asedthelengthofthefireseason."Thedrierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia'sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,”Hau

4、sfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesarealsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospheretha

5、tlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughtevent

6、slonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepo

7、licieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched（派遣）.1. Whatarethenumbersaboutinparagraph1?A. ThecausesofAustralianfires.B. TheresultsofAustralianfires.C. ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires.D. ThepropertydestructionofAustralianfires.2. Wh

8、ichofthefollowingbestexplains“susceptibleto”inthesecondparagraph?A. Veryquicklytoadaptto.B. Veryseriouslytofocuson.C. Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.D. Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst.3. WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth'sresearch?A. Globalwarmingistherootcauseofthebushfires.B. Longerdryweathercontributest

9、oglobalwarming.D.Warmeroceantemperaturespromotefiresspreading.C. Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.4. Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A. TostresstheeffectsofAustraliafires.B. Toshowthemethodsforcontrollingburns.C. TopredicttheseriousnessofAustraliafires.D. Toprovidesomeadv

10、iceaboutreducingdamage.【參考答案】BCAD單詞學(xué)習(xí)1. estimatev.估計(jì)Weestimatethat20percentoftheharvesthasbeenlost.我們估計(jì)損失了20%的收成。2.susceptibleadj.易受影響的Youngpeoplearethemostsusceptibletoadvertisements.年輕人最容易受廣告的影響。3.disastrousadj.災(zāi)難性的adisastrousfire嚴(yán)重火災(zāi)4.contributetosth.是的原因之一Thereportsaysdesignfaultsinboththevessel

11、scontributedtothetragedy.報(bào)道稱這兩艘船在設(shè)計(jì)上的缺陷是造成悲劇的原因。5. dispatchv.派遣；調(diào)遣Thegoodsaredispatchedfromawarehouse.商品從倉(cāng)庫(kù)派送。長(zhǎng)難句分析Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndones

12、ia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.【分析】賓語(yǔ)從句的主干為“globalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspots”?！皐hichcancreateawave.inAustralia”為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的“heoceans”?！皌hatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces”為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“awave”?！癱ausinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia”為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。【翻譯】Trenberth認(rèn)為由全球變暖導(dǎo)致的大氣能量不平衡和海洋中炎熱的地區(qū)可以在大氣中形成一股浪，從而鎖定某些地方的天氣模式，比如在印度尼西亞造成更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的降雨，同時(shí)又導(dǎo)致澳大利亞的干旱。知識(shí)拓展1. BerkeleyEarth:伯克利地球組織，是由理查德和伊麗莎白穆勒