2006年河南鄭州大學(xué)考博英語真題

1、2006年河南鄭州大學(xué)考博英語真題PART I VOCABUIARY (10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A) B), C) and D). Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The picnic _at last after

2、being twice postponed. A) came off B) came up C) put on D) went on2. Lenny advises me to have a _of brandy because it will make me less nervous in my presentation.A) bit B) lick C) sip D) flavor3. Adams hadn't a_ what the speaker was talking about most of the time because the class was in chaosA

3、) guess B) thought C) concept D) clue4. The National Geographic Society headquarters ,_in Washington, D.C, is well-known for its magazine. A) located B) placed C) stood D) positioned5. The baby keeps_-She must be getting a terrible coldA) sneezing B) sniffing C) yawning D) spitting6. When them was a

4、 short _in the conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink.A) blank B) space C) pause D) interval7. Hotel rooms must be _by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter. A) departed B) abandoned C) vacated D) displaced8. Tom read it through quick so as to get the _of it before sett

5、ing down to a thorough study.A) detail B) essence C) gist D) core9. The priest made the _of the cross when he entered the churchA)mark B)signal C) sign D) gesture10. For many patients, institutional care is the most _and beneficial form of careA) appropriate B) pertinent C) acute D) persistent11. Am

6、ong all the changes resulting from the _entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least importantA) massive B) quantitative C) surplus D) formidable12. In the Export Commodities Fair the _of fine china attracted much attention of cust

7、omers from all over the world.A) succession B) army C) string D) procession13. We realized that he was under great _,so we took no notice of his bad temper.A) emotion B) stress C) crisis D) nervousness14. His ideas are invariably condemned as _by his colleagues. A) imaginative B) ingenious C) imprac

8、tical D) theoretical15 .The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to _government spending.A) finance B) expand C) enlarge D) budget16. Taking photographs is strictly _here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A) forbidden B) rejected C) excluded D) denied17. Doctors' effo

9、rts to develop a new way to see the brain working have so far _with satisfaction. A) found B) shown C) given D) met18. The study also showed that, _to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight at all. A) contrary B) identical C) equivalent D) hostile19. The viewers of

10、 the poet's most recent book _his reputation.A) enlarged B) enriched C) enhanced D) encouraged20. The student couldn't _what the teacher was trying to explain.A) grip B) seize C) grasp D) snatchPART II Reading Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: Read the following passages and answer the

11、 questions which accompany them by choosing A; B, C or D). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by co

12、mmenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and sell-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, "Denmark is a great country." You're supposed to figure this out for yourself.

13、 It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, daycare, retraining programs, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is al

14、most as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-there is no Danish Academy to defend against itold dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land wher

15、e, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recycl

16、ers-about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new-and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers-a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the

17、world's cleanest and most organ/zed countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere." So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out

18、 of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles In the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a

19、 nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don't think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people- that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see th

20、emselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will

21、 be as a broker, banker, and distributor of go6ds. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rai

22、l lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people wh

23、o went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certainthings are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad for taking what yon' re entit

24、led to, you' re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest withou

25、t a sense of crisis.21. The author thinks that Danes adopt a _attitude towards their country. A) boastful B)mode C) deprecating D) mysterious22. Which c' he following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A) Fondness of foreign culture. B) Equality in society. C) Linguistic toleran

26、ce. D) Persistent planning.23. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is_.A) disapproving B) approving C) noncommittal D) doubtful24. According to the passage, Danish orderliness_.A) sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB) spares Danes social trou

27、bles besetting other peopleC) is considered economically essential to the countryD) prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles25. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that_.A) Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB) Danes take for granted what i

28、s given to themC) the open system helps to tide the country overD) orderliness has alleviated unemploymentPassage 2Why do adults believe that alcoholic awareness programs teach young people not to over-drink? Recently, reading an article about the alcohol-induced deaths of two students from two diff

29、erent universities in Colorado, I came across a theme on teen drinking applicable to parents, school administration, and local government: They just don't get it. To use a pun by New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, who changes WMD to PMD (people of mass destruction), T call much of the adu

30、lt generation PMNs- people of mass naiveté. I say this because adults seem to believe that no child of theirs would touch alcohol before turning 21. Since that's unrealistic, the issue should be: how can kids learn to drink responsibly? The answer: by practicing. Like figuring out how to th

31、row a baseball, a person needs to learn by trial and error.Now, I am not proposing that under-age kids should have access to alcohol at all times, but they will never know when they have reached their limit without drinking alcohol first. Trust me, we know how terrible we feel when we have surpassed

32、 our limit.It has often been stressed to my generation that there should always be a designated driver who does not drink. But, realistically, when people go to a bar, are they not supposed to drink? My friend, a willing designated driver, was asked by a friend in the bar why he did not have a drink

33、 in his hand. He responded: "I am driving." She then repeated her question while laughing. In other words, college students face intense pressure to drink when they are out socially, even though some manage to with- stand it.The solution I propose is two-fold. First, to parents: If you hav

34、e children in high school, understand that your kids will drink at parties. Despite the legal drinking age, they will find a way to obtain beer or liquor. While you are home during this holiday season, have a drink with your kids and their friends, or, at the very least, allow them to have a drink.

35、Ensure they are safe, but also guarantee that they know what they are doing. Please introduce them to alcohol before they go off to college so that, on the first weekend, they don't drink themselves into the ER. They do this not because they want to drink to get drunk, but because they do not kn

36、ow any better. Second, to lawmakers: How are teenagers supposed to learn to drink responsibly when they cannot even drink legally with their parents at a restaurant.'? Having a drink with your parents at a restaurant is a much more adult experience than drinking with them at home. The truth of t

37、he matter is that almost all under-age drinking is done outside the home, in social circles. So lawmakers should make an exception and allow teenagers, who are one or two years under the drinking age and accompanied by their parents, to have a drink at a restaurant.Most of us live in an environment

38、that is geared toward drinking and overdrinking, and adults must face this truth. If they do not wake up and see reality, their kids one morning might not wake up from a night of drinking.26. This passage can be best titled as_.A) How to Practice Drinking B) Don't Drink Beyond Your LimitC) My Pe

39、rsonal Opinion on Alcohol Drinking D) Teaching Kids to Drink Responsibly27. Which of the following statement cannot be inferred from this passage?A) Lawmakers should permit teenagers to drink.B) The lawful age for people to drink in America is 21.C) The author has the experience of drinking beyond h

40、is limit.D) Under-age kids are sometimes pressed to drink when they are out socically.28. The author's attitude towards the phenomenon of teenagers' drinking is that of _.A) favorable B) undisclosed C) impartial D) realistic29. This passage is mainly written for _to read.A) parents B) lawmak

41、ers C) both A and B D) under-age kids30. The general tone of this passage is_.A) dogmatic B) persuasive C) impersonal D) ironic Passage 3One tenth of all bird species could be extinct by 2100, and by then another 15% could be on the brink of extinction, Californian scientists report. They say the co

42、nsequences for humankind are unpredictable.Cagan Sekercioglu of the Stanford centre for conservation biology and colleagues report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they made a painstaking analysis of 9,787 living and 129 extinct bird species, taking in conservation, distri

43、bution, ecological roles and life history. They also consider the threats from human population growth, pollution, habitat destruction, and competition from invasive species, before coming to a gloomy conclusion. "Our projections indicate that by 2100, up to 14% of all bird species may be extin

44、ct and that as many as one out of four may be functionally extinct that is, critically endangered or extinct in the wild," Dr Sekercioglu and his colleagues report. "Given the momentum of climate change, widespread habitat loss and increasing numbers of invasive species, avian declines and

45、 extinctions are predicted to continue unabated in the near future."Birds have a powerful place in nature's pecking order. They keep down insect populations, spread plant seeds, pollinate flowers, produce guano and scavenge carrion. The loss of a single species can have disastrous consequen

46、ces. The vulture population of south Asia has crashed by 95% in the last decade, perhaps due to agricultural pesticides, and this has led to a corresponding explosion in numbers of rabid feral dogs and rats feeding on carcasses. In 1997, more than 30,000 people in India died of rabies: this was more

47、 than half of all rabies deaths worldwide that year.Other bird species may be vital to precarious ecosystems. The southern cassowary feeds on 150 plant species in the Australian and Papua New Guinea rainforest, often gobbling the fruits whole, to excrete the seeds and distribute them where they can

48、germinate. It is endangered, and its forest habitat with it.The wild avocados of Costa Rica are spread by the three-wattled bellbird. A few hundred of the bellbirds survive in two small remnants of forest. Numbers have been declining for a decade. Some birds have highly specialised diets, and global

49、 warming could alter precarious habitats or eliminate food supplies.Many are accidental victims: there are 21 species of albatross Soaring over the southern oceans and 19 of these are threatened, by commercial long-line fishermen driven to Antarctic waters because of the decline in fish stocks.The S

50、tanford team considered three scenarios. The most hopeful was that conservation measures would work, and that no more bird species would be added to the threatened list. The worst-case scenario calculated that the number of threatened species would increase by 1% per decade as more savannah, forest,

51、 estuarine shore and upland was exploited and altered by rising human populations. Even in the best case, 700 species of birds will be extinct by 2100; The intermediate scenario predicts 1,200 will become extinct, and in the worst case,.2,500 could be lost. Two may be gone already. The last known Sp

52、ix's macaw disappeared from Brazil's forests at he end of 2000; and the last known Po'o-uli-a Hawaiian bird in a captive breeding programdied in November. There are local gains. Perhaps encouraged by changing climate, a blue-throated robin that normally winters in Africa was spotted on t

53、he Loch of Strathberg nature reserve in Aberdeenshire but overall, the pattern is one of loss. "The world knows biodiversity is declining, but accurate measurements are hard to come by,'! said Stuart Butchart of Birdlife International. "We are losing birds at an ever-increasing rate. O

54、ur recent study on European birds showed that 43% of them are facing an uncertain future. Birds are excellent environmental indicators, and what they are telling us is that there is a fundamental malaise in the way we treat our environment;"31. Reported by Californian scientists, which of the f

55、ollowing is NOT one of the causes for declines and extinctions of bird species? A) Human population growth. B) Environmental pollution.C) Increasing numbers of invasive species. D) Birds' change in their habitat32. Preventing birds from declination and distinction is significant in all the follo

56、wing EXCEPT that _.A) they invade other bird species and keep stability in bird populationB) they keep down insect populationsC) they spread plant seeds and pollinate flowersD) they produce guano and scavenge carrion33. Which of the following birds can spread plant seeds? A) Bellbirds. B) Albatross.

57、 C) Macaws. D) Robins.34. The Stanford team considered the future of bird species in a _ tone.A) optimistic B) pessimistic C) ironic D) detached35. According to the passage,_ is/are to blame for the decrease of bird species.A) global warming B) dogs and rats C) decline in forest area D) human beingS

58、ection BQuestions 36 -42 are based on the following passage: Energy, Fission and Fusion Almost all the energy that living things make use of comes in the beginning from the sun. The chief exception is the gravitational pull of the earth itself, and of the moon upon the waters of the earth. The sun gives