2020年高考英語專題二閱讀理解說明類專練(含解析)

1、專題二 閱讀理解說明類專練（ 90 分鐘， 90 分）考點 01： 01 冠詞 3 顆星考點02：代詞 3 顆星考點 03：介詞和介詞短語2 顆星考點04: 名詞 3 顆星考點 05：主謂一致5 顆星考點 06：形容詞和副詞5 顆星考點 08：非謂語動詞5 顆星考點 09：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)5 顆星考點 10：定語從句3 顆星考點 13：狀語從句3 顆星考點 14：特殊句式2 顆星考點 17：閱讀理解說明文5 顆星第 I 卷（選擇題）（每題 2 分，共 30 分）一閱讀理解A （考點17較易）In the United States, it is important to be on time

2、, or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in aBrazilian（ 巴西的 ） university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M.and end at 12. On the first day ,

3、when the professor arrived on time, no one wasin the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, fewapologized（ 道歉 ）for their lateness.Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students b

4、ehavior.The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness inboth an informal and a formal situation:at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively.He gave them an example and asked them how they would react,If they had a lunch appointment with a friend,the aver

5、age American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes.In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour.In contrast, in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the st

6、udents always arrive at the appointed hour.Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States,but also end at the scheduled time.In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12:00;many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions.While arriving late

7、 may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late.1 .The word punctual most probably means. 考點 17 易A.leaving soon after classB.coming earlyC.arriving a few minutes lateD.being on time2 .Why did the professor study the Brazilian students behavior? 考點 17 易A.He felt puzzled at the students

8、 being late.B.He felt angry at the students' rudeness.C.He wanted to make the students come on time later.D.He wanted to collect data for one of his studies.1.1 t can be inferred from the professor s study of lateness in the informal situation that . 考點 17 易A.American students will become impati

9、ent if their friend is five minutes lateB.neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatheringsC.being late in one culture may not be considered so rude in another cultureD.Brazilian students will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time4 .What is the main idea of t

10、his passage?考點 17 易A.It is important to be on time for class in the United States.B.The importance of being on time differs among cultures.C.People learn the importance of time only from their own culture.D.Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher.B （考點17中難）Languages

11、have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit ( 聯(lián)系 ) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Somelanguage experts bel

12、ieve that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,

13、 industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasin

14、gly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around

15、 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua NewGuinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number ( 中位數(shù) ) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already

16、well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction( 消亡 ), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questio

17、n-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.5 .What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?考點 17 易A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns. D.They were closely connected.考點6 .Which of the following best explains "dominant

18、" underlined in paragraph 2?17 易A.complex. B.advanced. C.powerful. D.modern. 7.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created. 考點 17 易B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.

19、C （考點17中難）Australia,the last continent,was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the seventeenth century, these nations were less interested in changing it into a colony（ 殖民地 ）than in exploring（ 勘探 ）it.As in the early history of the United States,it was the English who set up the

20、 settlements（新拓展地） inAustralia.This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well.Australia and the United States are about the same in size,and their western lands are both not rich in soil.It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the

21、 English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west.However,this westward movement took place more because the English were searching for better land than because the population was increasing.Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold

22、 was discovered in America in 1849and in Australia two years later.Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common,these are some striking differences as well.The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having

23、to go to war.Australia, unlike the United States,was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising.By 1922,for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people,or almost half as many sheep as the people there i

24、n the United States.Yet,in spite of these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in commonwith each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.8.Who turned Australia into a colony? 考點 17 易A.BritainB.Several European countries.C.The United States of Am

25、erica.D.None of the above.9.In the early history of America and Australia,both colonies developed towards the west firstly for the reason that考點 17 易A.the population was increasing rapidly in the eastB.the English thought there might be richer land thereC.gold was discovered thereD.fewer people live

26、d there10.In the early 1920s 考點 17 易A.Australia had one fifteenth as many people as sheepB.there were more sheep in Australia than in the United StatesC.the population in Australia was greater than that of the United StatesD.the United States had twice as many sheep as people11.The last sentence in

27、the last paragraph“ Australia and the United States havemore in common with each other than either one has with most考點 17 中難A.the United States and Australia do not have any main differencesB.the United States and Australiahave much more in commonthan they have with othercountriesC.the United States

28、 and Australiahave nothing in commonwith the rest of the worldD.in common with the rest of the world, the United States and Australia have a lot of differencesD （考點17易）Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do

29、 trade with the Chinese.Whenthey eventually arrived in Beijing, they were warmly welcomed by Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty Emperor. Marco was very clever and could speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to so

30、many important tasks across the country.Marco Polo, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor s Palace, especially the Summer Palace.There were many inventions and developments in China, which were not available in Europe at that ti

31、me. Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people using paper money in markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver. He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel, as he had never seen coal before!After 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco Polo returned to

32、 Italy.Unluckily,a local war broke out, and he was caught and put into prison. He met another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while listening. Later he wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, one of

33、the best sellers （暢銷書 ） in Europe.12 .Why did Marco Polo and his father travel to China?考點 17 易A.To trade with Chinese.B.To draw a map of ChinaC.To write a book about China.D.To make friends with the Chinese.13 .Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people paying for goods with .考點17 易A.goldB.silverC

34、.paper moneyD.black stones14 .Who wrote the book The Descriptions of the World?考點 17 易A.Kublai Khan B.A prisonerC.Marco PoloD.Marco Polo s father15 .What do you know about Marco Polo from the passage? 考點 17 易A.He helped his father learn four languages.B.He taught Chinese people how to use coal.C.He

35、became a prisoner in Beijing. D.He served the Emperor for 17 years.第 II 卷(非選擇題)(每題 1.5 分，共 60 分)語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1 個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。( 1 )難度適中Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 考點 09(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly125 percent

36、over 考點 01 past 25 years, while rice has increased only7 percent.A taste for meat is (actual) 考點 06 behind the change:An importantpart of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 考點 08 (improve

37、) water quality. Corn uses lesswater rice and creates less fertilizer( 化肥 ) runoff. This switchhas decreased 考點 04 (pollute) in the country s major lakes andreservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 考點 06 (globe) fer

38、tilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry ofAgriculture finds that between 2005 when the government (start) asoil- testing program 考點 10 gives specific fertilizerrecommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission( 排放 ) of 51.8 million tons of

39、carbon dioxide.China s approach to protecting its environment while 考點14 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakersworldwide." says the bank s Juergen Voegele.( 2) 易Running is good for your health. It may help to protect you 考點 03 heart disease and oth

40、er health problems. Running may also help you live longer.According to a research 考點 08 (do) in the USrecently, runnersare a great deal 考點 06 (health) than non-runners. In fact, the runnerslive, on average, three years longer than the non-runners.Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult

41、 on the body. Here 考點 05 (be) commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to lower therisk of injury for people 考點 08 (run) regularly.Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running injuries when they push 考點 02 (they) too hard.Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes 考點

42、10 offerthe best fit and support for your feet. More 考點 06 (important), youshould have a new pair of shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers.After each run, write down notes about what you did and you felt.You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great when you have 考點

43、 01 rest between running days. These notes will helpyou make the best plan for running. ( 3)易Hollywood filmmakers visit Mulan's rootsHollywood filmmakers, including creators of the 1998 Disney film Mulan, will start 考點 01 “ discovery trip ” to Mulan s birthplace HuangpiDistrict in Hubei Province

44、 this week.During the two-day visit, they will see a number ofMulan-themed 考點 04 ( performance) , such as the horse lighting showand the local opera. They will also visit places of historical interest, 考點 03 the Mulan Mountain and the General's Temple.In the 20 years since the Disney film came o

45、ut, 考點 02 (it)director Tony Bancroft hasn t been to the land of Mulan's roots. "For me, it's afull circle tour of where my favorite character was born. I'm also doing my homework for the next film,"he said.“ China used to be closed off to Westerners, thus 考點 08( create) a myste

46、ry, but in the last few years, U. S. films 考點09(explore ) the Chinese culture and environment, 考點 10 has openedaudiences to a whole new world. I believe the tale of Mulan appeals to Westerners mainly 考點 13 it s about a daughter s respect for herfamily, 考點 06 (especial) her father, ” Bancroft added.A

47、 live-action remake of the 1998 film is expected to hit theaters in 2019.The Walt Disney Studios has announced that Chinese actress Liu Yifei, also 考點 08 ( know) as Crystal Liu, is going to star in the classic Chinesetale.( 4) 易A mother returned home very tired. Her 8-year-old son ran up to her. He

48、was waiting for her and wanted to tell her1.his younger brother had done.“ While I was out playing and Dad was on a call, Tyler took his crayons and wroteon the wall! I told him you would be mad at him 2. 考點 03 doing itagain, but I couldn t stop him. ”She let out a long sigh and asked: “ He did it a

49、gain? 3.is your brother now?”“ He is in his room. ”She walked to the younger son s room. She called 4. 考點 02/03 full name asshe entered. Then, she found Tyler 5. 考點 08 (try) to hide. He knew thatthe worst moments 6. 考點 09 (come)! For the next 10 minutes, the room was fullof the sound of her shouting

50、 about the expensive wallpaper.She scolded the littleboy for his bad behavior. The more she scolded, the 7. 考點 06 (angry) shegot.Then she headed for the living room 8. 考點 08 (see)what he had written. Asshe saw the wall, her eyes flooded with tears at once. It said “ I love Momm” y and 9. 考點 09 (surr

51、ound) with a heart.10. 考點 01Well, the wallpaper remained, just as she found it, with empty frame（ 框 ） hung around it.參考答案一、閱讀理解A 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3c 4.B解析： 1. 本文講述了不同的國家對于準(zhǔn)時的理解是不一樣的, 是有文化差異的。主旨大意題。縱觀全文, 本文講述了不同的國家對于準(zhǔn)時的理解是不一樣的, 是有文化差異的故選 D2. 詞義猜測題。being on time 是此題的解題思路: 從原文 "it is important to be o

52、n time,orpunctual" 中的 or 得出 punctual 和 be on time 意思相近。故選A。3. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文中的Were these students being rude?He decided to study thestudents'behavior 。可知他對此表示困惑, 故選 C4. 推理判斷題。根據(jù) In contrast,in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students alwaysarrive at the appointed hour. 可知其中關(guān)鍵詞語 "In cont

53、rast" 和形成對比/比較，可知 B 為答案日答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.DC答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.BD答案及解析：答案： 1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D二、語法填空（ 1 ）答案：has grown; the; actually; to improve; than; pollution; global; started;that/which; feeding解析：本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名認識的認可。考查時態(tài)。since 加時間點,主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:2011 年

54、以來 , 中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown 。考查冠詞。句意 : 玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25 年里增長了近125%,而大米只增長了7%。 故是特指在過去的 25 年里。故填the ?？疾楦痹~。句意 : 對肉的需求實際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整, 用副詞修飾句子。故填actually 。考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動詞是encourages, 故 improve 應(yīng)該用非謂語動詞。此處表示目的, 故用不定式。故填 to improve 。考查連詞。句意 : 玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less 可知 , 填比較連詞。故填 than ?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意 : 這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染, 使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased 后跟名詞作賓語, 故填 pollution ?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：中國約占全球化肥總消費量的30% fertilizer consumption 是名詞短語, 故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global ?？疾橹^語動詞。句意：在2005年政府開始了一項土壤測試項目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句 , 由于時間是2005 年 , 故用過去時。故填started ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句關(guān)系詞。