三級英語語法重點資料

1、三級英語語法重點第一節(jié)動詞的時態(tài)：講12種特別關(guān)注：1、一般現(xiàn)在時的特殊用法；2、一般過去時；3、過去進行時4、現(xiàn)在完成時5、過去完成時；6、將來完成 時；7、現(xiàn)在完成進行完成時；8、過去完成進行時。一、一般現(xiàn)在式：特殊用法：在時間狀語、條件狀語從句（if, unless）中表示將來的動作：A . 時間狀語 （before, after , untill, as soon as, when） :They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _finish_their exams.When the mixture _is heated

2、 , it will give off a powerful force.34. " When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?”“As soon as D.we complete our work for tomorrow.”（03/11試 A）B .條件狀語（if, unless）:We' ll go fishing if w eather is good tomorrow.D o改為is free。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。2000年試題AI can ' t go to your

3、 birthday party unless my father agrees.除非我爸爸同意，否則我去不了你的生日會二、一般過去時：（要掌握常用不規(guī)則動詞的過去式及過去分詞形式,40個左右）1、簡單陳述去過的動作或狀態(tài)：would do2、used to do sth 過去常常做（現(xiàn)在不做了）；be used to doing習慣于做現(xiàn)在還在做）We used to swim in the river when we were in the countryside.我們過去常在河里游泳。（現(xiàn)在不了）The old man is used to getting up early in the

4、morning.老人習慣早起3、It is time since +從句引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，since后謂語動詞用一般過去時（自從-以來）54. No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting. It is at least five years since it C. took place .02 年 A 卷三、一般將來時1、will （shall ） +原形動詞：表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例：He will come and help you.他會來幫助你的。2、be going to +動詞原形：表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好

5、要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture?你打算去聽這個演講嗎？3、be to +動詞原形：強調(diào)按安排或計劃命令要求 命中注定的動作The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三環(huán)路將在國慶節(jié)前通車。You are to do your homework.你必須先做作業(yè)Your plan is to fail.你的計劃注定失敗4、用某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時表達根據(jù)計劃、安排而將于近期（將來）發(fā)生的事情，代表動詞：go ,come, start, stop, arrive

6、leave , play 等We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我們明天動身去北京。5 、一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來（見前一、一般現(xiàn)在時） 四、現(xiàn)在進行時1 、表示說話時（現(xiàn)階段）正在進行的動作。The teacher is talking with his students.這位老師正在同他的學生交談表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，但此刻并不一定在進行。I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京參加一個會議。2 、表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，但往往帶有欣賞、厭惡等的感情色彩He is always thinking of ot

7、hers first.他總是先為別人著想。（ 欣賞 ）Why are you always leaving things behind.你怎么總是丟三落四的（ 厭惡 ）3 、描述某人一時的表現(xiàn)，通常用動詞be 的進行時態(tài)She is being friendly today.她今天很友善。（平時不這樣）五、過去進行時was/were doing表示在過去某一段時間正在進行的動作。常需用表示過去的時間狀語或通過上下文來判斷時間。I fell and hurt myself while I _ A. was playing_ tennis.（ 98 年 43 題）重點： when 和 while

8、的區(qū)別when 表示時間上的點，引導(dǎo)的句子用一般過去時while 表示持續(xù)的一段時間，引導(dǎo)的句子用過去進行時六、現(xiàn)在完成時have/has done（ 過去分詞）1 、表示過去到現(xiàn)在這段時間完成完成并對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作或狀態(tài)，常和 just, already, so far , yet, up to now, up to連用。the present, recently, lately, in the past few yearsI have seeen the film.我看過這個電影。（ 我了解電影的內(nèi)容）11 / 102 、表示過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)歷或習慣等，通常和延續(xù)性

9、動詞連用：work ，常用 since , even sinceHe has lived here for 30 years.引導(dǎo)的短語或從句，或由for 引導(dǎo)的短語連用。他住在這兒已經(jīng)三十年了（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）Have you even been to Tibet?你去過西藏嗎？Co 應(yīng)改為 have had difficulty主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。（2001。因為 ever since 引導(dǎo)句子的時候，從句用過去時，年試題 ）3 、固定句式：it is the first/second/last time that +延續(xù)性動詞過去完成時It is the first time that

10、I have met Jane.2） It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .那是我第一次見到簡。我離開上海已經(jīng)三年了。4 、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時Jone has lived Landon for 10 years.現(xiàn)在還住Jone lived Landon for 10 years.曾經(jīng)住，現(xiàn)在不在了七、過去完成時had done1 、表示在過去的某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作（即過去的過去） 連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或從句表示。by, uptill, before, after , when 等介詞或When I arrived he had left.我到那

11、他剛走40 、 When I went to visit Mrs.Smithlast week,I was told she D. had left tow daysstay, study, live, to be, teach,before.（0311 試 A）2、沒有時間狀語時，時間先后收上下文表示：I didn ' t know he had moved out.我不知道他已經(jīng)搬家了3、特殊用法：(1)和before連用，表示 還沒來得及就-"She wept before I had realized what was happening.我還沒明白怎么回事之前她就哭

12、了(2 ) It was the first/second/last time that +過去完成時It was the first time (that) they had tried foreign food.這是他們第一次吃西餐。4、常用在 no sooner than ，hardly/scarcely/barely,when就句型之中，句子至U裝。I had no sooner returned than he called.八、將來完成時：表示在將來某一時間以前已完成或發(fā)生的動作By the end of next month, he will have been here for

13、 10 years.到下個月為止，他在這住了10年了24、 I _D.shall have finished _ writing the article by the time you get. (00)30. By next year he A. has worked in New York for five years.(0411A)九、現(xiàn)在完成進行時：表示從過去某時一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作have/has been doingWe have been waiting for you for an hour.我們等了你一小時了。(動作到此為止，不持續(xù)下去)I have been learnin

14、g English for 10 years.我學英語10年了。(還要繼續(xù)學下去)十、過去將來時：表示相對于過去的將來，多見于間接引語出現(xiàn)在閱讀或完型中形式： would do 或 was/were going to doHe said that he would watch his car the next day.他說明天要洗車。He said that he was going to watch his car the next day.H一、過去完成進行時：表示過去某一時刻以前一直延續(xù)的的動作had been doingThey had been waiting for an hour

15、 before the bus came.64. Even though Sedat has been studying English for three years before came to the United States , It is still difficult for him to expresshimself.(0304A)B. has been 改為 had been十二、將來完成進行時：表示將來某一時刻以前一直進行的動作。By next month he will have been working in out factory for 30 years.到下個月他

16、在我們工廠工作30年了。41. By the time you arrive this evening, D. I will have been studying for two house.(0411A)第二節(jié) 被動語態(tài)to do sth.般集中在挑錯題中特別關(guān)注：不定式的被動式，由主動變被動時 to的特殊處理相關(guān)知識：A、及物動詞和不及物動詞及物動詞：后面可直接加賓語( 名詞、動名詞、人稱代詞的賓格、數(shù)詞)不及物動詞：后面不可直接加賓語，介詞賓語 有些動詞在不同的句子中既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。water49. These part-time students expect to

17、to offer some jobs on campus during the coming summer vacation.(0404A)答：A,改為to be offed 。 offer為及物動詞，后面必須有賓語，若后面賓語，應(yīng)是被動句B 、行為動詞與系動詞行為動詞：表示實際動作，包括表示思維活動的詞：want, think 等,系動詞：表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征， be動詞、可放在形容詞前的某些動詞：get、run、turn、smell 等一、何種情況下可使用被動語態(tài)：1 ，強調(diào)動作的接受者。The kitchen is shared by the three of us.廚房是我們?nèi)?/p>

18、用。Football is played over of the world.世界各地都踢足球。2 ，不知道或沒必要說明的執(zhí)行者是誰。The data have been computerized for two years now.這些數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)由計算處理兩年了。These books are written for children.這些書是兒童讀物3 ，出于禮貌、措辭婉轉(zhuǎn)等原因不方便、不愿意說明動作的執(zhí)行者。I was told that you are very lazy.我聽人說你很懶。The car was damaged.車撞壞了。4 ，避免變換主語，以求行文流暢。He appea

19、red on the stage and was warmly applaused by the audience. 他出現(xiàn)在舞臺上時，觀眾的熱烈鼓掌。二、使用被動高不成低不就需要注意的問題1 ，不定式的被動式to be done當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式表示的動作的接受者, 用被動式He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.他要求派去西藏工作I want to do some shopping tomorrow.It s an honour for me to be invited to speak here today.很榮幸被邀請Are you goi

20、ng to the meeting to be held at 6:00?你要參加6 點的會嗎？22. The famous novel is said _ C. to have been translated _ into Chinese.本句是動詞不定式的完成、被動式。 當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式表示的動作的對象時(或是動作的承受者時)， 不定式一般要用被動式。不定式的完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作或狀態(tài)之前。如： He is not likely to have been told the result.這個結(jié)果可能還沒有告訴他。2000 年17. We shall ask for s

21、amplesA and then we can make our decision.(0311)A. to be sentB. being sentC. to setD. to have been sent18. The forest fire caused by the volcano is difficult to beC .A. put offB. put awayC. put out34. The questionC at the meeting tomorrow is very important.A. to discussB. being discussedC. to be dis

22、cussed2 ,某些動詞由主動變被動時不定式符號” to的處理7 個感觀動詞see, watch, observe, notice, listen to, hear,fell;(0311)D. put up(0411)D. will be discussed3 個使役動詞let, have 讓 , make56. The teacher has his students a composition every other week.(2000)A. to write B. written C. writing D. writeD 。 have sb do sth 讓某人做某事。have 此處

23、為使役動詞，后面接賓補的時候省to58. The middle-aged man was seen out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A. came B. come C. to come D. have comeCo感官動詞feel , hear , see , watch等后面接賓補的時候，要用無 to不定式。但如果句子是主語的補足語的話，要加 上 to 。(2000)3 ，短語動詞的被動語態(tài)。動詞后面接一個介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語，將其看成一個及物動詞。The children are well looked after . 這些孩子

24、得到了很好的照顧。（ 介 ）The meeting has been put off till next week.會議被推遲到下周。（副 ）注意：不是所有短的語動詞都有被動語態(tài)，判斷：相連的介詞或副詞不能折開4 ，帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+ 過去分詞。Bad things sometimes can be turned into good ones.壞事有時可變好事5,被動語態(tài)后可接從句或W +不定式He was told that his father was sick.他被告知他父親病了A assistant of the shop was asked where to fi

25、nd the manager.6 ，特殊句型be said/reported to have done據(jù)說 / 據(jù)報道22. The famous novel is said into Chinese.A. to have translated B. to be translate C. to have been translatedD. to translate答C。本句是動詞不定式的完成、被動式。當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式表示的動作的對象時（或是動作的承受者時）不定式一般要用被動式。不定式的完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作或狀態(tài)之前。如： He is not likely to have

26、been toldthe result. 這個結(jié)果可能還沒有告訴他。（2000）7 ， get + 動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，多用于口語或非正式書面語中He had some pictures taken in the park.他在公園里照了幾張像。（ 別人給他照的48. I have taken many photos. I'm going to get the film .A. being developedB. developing C. developed D. to be developed答： C 。過去分詞在動詞have, get 兩詞后面作賓補時, 常常表示這個動作不

27、是由主語完成的, 而是由別人完成的。（2001）第三節(jié) 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用來表示能力、允許、許諾、可能、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度, 無人稱變化, 在句子中和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。著重測驗情態(tài)動詞接完成時的用法。一、 must + have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的有把握的猜測。58 、 I believe he an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.(D,01)A. would have had B. could have hadC. should have had D. must have had47. Somethi

28、ng must have happened on their way here. Or they by now.(02)A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. would have arrived D. would arrive答：C。第一句是 must+have +過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對過去事實的推測。The road is wet. It must have rainedlast night.路是濕的，昨晚上肯定下雨了。因此我們可以推斷：這是一個和過去的事實相反的虛擬語氣。should +have +過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對過去動作的責備、批評。

29、如： You should have gone over your lessons.你應(yīng)當把功課復(fù)習好的。但是此句只是一個表示和過去的事實相反的虛擬句子，并沒有責備的意思。本句意思：路上肯定出事了，否則他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了。因此正確答案應(yīng)是C.35. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, itlast night.(C,0411)A. must rainB. was rainingC. must have rainedD. may rainmay + have done對過去發(fā)生的事情的較有把握的猜測，也許“22. I can '

30、; t find the recorder in the room. It C may have been taken by somebody.(0311)二、should (ought to) + have done含有對過去的動作的責備、批評意思肯定表示應(yīng)該做的事情而沒有做26、I ' m sorry I couldn ' t get in touch with him before he lef t, I him earlier . (2000)A. had a telephone B. have phoned C. should have phonedD. should

31、 be phoned36、You ought to B to have reported the matter to the manager the day before yesterday. 否定式表示不該做的事情做了They should not have left so soon.他們不應(yīng)該這么早就走的She was very unhappy. You ought not to have hurt her feeling. 她當時夠難受了你不應(yīng)該再傷害她三、would (not) have done表示過去沒有完成的動作，多和虛擬語氣連用，不含批評意思45. Mary said to m

32、e," Had I seen your bag, Iit to you. "(D,0404)A. will returnB. must returnC. could returnD. would have returned四、could + have done表示過去存在的某種可能性，但這種可能性由于客觀條件限制沒能實現(xiàn)。表示對過去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾You could have made a more detailed plan.你本可以做出更詳盡的計劃。He could have joined us, but he didn' t get our in

33、vitation in time.他本來能夠參加我們的，但是他沒有收到我們的請貼。第四節(jié) 虛擬語氣（每次考試一般占45分）所表示的條件根本不可能實現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小，稱為虛擬條件句。虛擬條件句，主句與從句中謂語動詞的形式可分為下面三類：假設(shè)類型條件從句動詞的時態(tài)結(jié)果主句的動詞的時態(tài)與現(xiàn)在事實相反if + 過去式（be只用were不用was） would/should/might/could +動詞原型與過去事實相反if had + 去過分詞 would/should/might/could + have+ 過去分詞與將來事實可能相反 if were to + 動詞原形if should +

34、動詞原形 would/should/might/could +動詞原型一、在條件句中的應(yīng)用：If he had time, he would come.如果有時間，他一定來。（已經(jīng)過去）A. 現(xiàn)在事實I would certainly go if I had time.如果我有時間當然去。如果他在這也許幫能你。1 、 I would ask George to lend us the money if Ihim.(C, 95 年 )B. 過去事實A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know59 、 If Bobwith us, he would have ha

35、d a good time.(C, 95 年 )A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. cameC. 將來事實we would state at home if it should rain tomorrow.If I were to do the examination I would it some other way.注意條件從句中，如果含有be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞，had, should主語前面?；騽釉~to have ,可省略if,要倒裝,即把這些詞放到1.you were busy, I wouldn't have both

36、ered you with my questions.(B, 96 年 )A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized57. Had the weather been good, the childrenout for a walk.(2001)A. had goneB. could have goneC. would goD. went答：B 。 當虛擬語氣中含有were, had, should, would等詞時，可以省略if, 把這些詞放在主語之前。Should I meethe

37、r , I would tell her. 萬一我見到他，我會告訴他的。Were I in your position, I would do it better. 如果我處在你的位置上，我會做的更好。Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.如果他們準備了的話，他們應(yīng)該能成功的。本句為和過去的事實相反的虛擬語氣，因此選B。32.the advice of his friends, he would not havesuffered such a heavy loss in hisbusiness.(D, 0404)A. If

38、he tookB. If he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken 條件從句有時可以用介詞短語代替。有時一個假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，件句。常用with ， without ， but for 。而用其它方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條We couldn t have achieved so much without your help.要不是你們幫忙我們不會取得這么大的成績36. But for my classmateshelp, I the work in time.(D, 0404)A. did not finishB. could

39、 not finishC. will not finishD. would not have finished32. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earthwell.(A, 0411)A. would not growB. will not growC. had not grownD. would not be grown 條件從句有時可以用介詞短語代替。有時一個假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表示，而用其它方式來表示，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with ， without ， but for 。We couldn htave achieved s

40、o much without要不是你們幫忙我們不會取得這么大的成績your help.36.But for my classmates help, Ithework intime.(D, 0404)A.did not finishB. could not finishC. willnot finishD. would not havefinished32.Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earthwell.(A, 0411)A.would not growB. will not grow C. had notgrownD. would not

41、be grownIf he were here, he might help you. 時態(tài)后移, 引導(dǎo)二、以 wish （ that ）引導(dǎo)的表示“ 愿望 ”的賓語從句，虛擬語氣中時態(tài)類似在非真實條件從句中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用從句的 that 可以省略 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿喾吹挠眠^去時：主語十 wish十從句(過去時)were我真希望和你們一樣年青I wish (that) I were as young as you.I wish (that) I knew his address.與將來的愿望相反即愿望難以實現(xiàn)(用過去將來時)， 點用處。我真希望知道他的地址I wish I could be o

42、f more use in thefuture. 我希望我將來有表示與過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望用過去完成時：主語 wish + 從句(主語過去完成時)I wished he hadn tmade the big mistake. 他要是不犯那個大錯誤，該有多好！32. Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.(C, 2000)A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study53. I didn gt o to the party, bu

43、t I do wish I there.(C, 2001)A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be三、以 suggest ， propose, order, command, demand ， require ， request, insist, desire, advise, ask 等詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)為should+ 動詞原形，should 可省略They requested that the students (should) learn the second language. 他們要求學生要學第二外語。1 、 The docto

44、radvised that Mr. Malan an operationright awayso as tosavehis life.A. hadB. would haveC. haveD. was goingto have(C,98 年 )58 、 His motherinsisted that he the coat whengoing out.(A,99 年 )A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. puttingon答案：D 。應(yīng)改為have 。 suggest, insist,order, demand,request, command, require等動詞引

45、導(dǎo)賓語從句時，要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞要should(可以省略)+ 原形動詞。(2002)51. We strongly suggest that Smith is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.答案： C, 改為 be told,(2003/11)52. The doctor advised her that sheenough rest before going back to work.(B, 0401)A. to get B. get C. gets D. got 四、在某些主語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) It i

46、sthat引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用should+ 原形動詞，should 可以省略。suggest , propose, or der, require, desire, ask It is + 形容詞that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用should+ 原形動詞，should 可以省略。important, necessary, vital, desirable, preferable, advisable, urgent, esseneial, requested ， orderedIt is strange that he ( should ) go himself.

47、 真奇怪，他怎么自己獨自去呢？29 、 It dsesired that she to teach us at least twice a week.(C, 97 年 )A. comesB. will comeC. comeD. may come43 、 It is desirable that he .( B, 2000 )A.gives up trying B.give up trying C.would give up trying D.is going to give up trying45 、 It usrgent that a meeting before the final de

48、cision is made. (C, 2003)be arranged D. would be arrangedA. will be arranged B. must be arranged C.五、在某些表語從句和同位語從句中的應(yīng)用24. It vsital that enoughA. isB. bemoneyC.collectedmust be, 形式： should詞： suggestion, proposal, motion, order, requestMy suggestion is that we （should） send a few 我的建議是我們派幾個人去幫助其他小組。4

49、7. Her suggestionthat everybodywasA. sing a songB. sang a song48. The general'scommand was that thetasks.A. would leaveB. leaveC. leftto get the project started.D. can be+ 動詞原形，should 可省略。表語前及同位語plan, idea, advicepeople to helpnot appreciated.C. sung a songsoldiersD. have leftD.(B,0411)that 前的名the other groups.（A, 同位語從句,2001）singing a songtheir fort and carry(B, 表語從句,2002)out moreimp