輪機(jī)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與會(huì)話口語(yǔ)評(píng)估練習(xí)

1、輪機(jī)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與會(huì)話口語(yǔ)評(píng)估練習(xí)口述題第一章公共用語(yǔ)1. Theengineroom.(1) Positionoftheengineroomonboard.(2) Typeofmachineryintheengineroom.(3) Featureofmarinemachineryintheengineroom.Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainen

2、gine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant，isthelargestandmostimportantone.Themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS2(Theenginedepartment.(1) Intr

3、oductionoftheimportanceoftheenginedepartmentonboard.(2) Introductionofpersonneloftheenginedepartment.(3) Descriptionoftheenginedepartment.Theenginedepartmenttakesinchargeoftheengineroom.Theycanmakethemachineryespeciallymainengineworkingsmoothly,andantipollution.Thechiefengineercommandsthedepartment.

4、Thesecondengineer,thethirdengineerandthefourthallworkunderhisorder.Therearealsosomemotormeninthedepartment.Thecaptainisresponsibleforthewholeship.Oneofmajorresponsibilitiesofenginedepartmentistokeepthemachineryrunningsafelybyproperoperationandmaintenance.Crewmembersoftheenginedepartmentshouldoverhau

5、l,operateandmaintaintheequipmentstrictlybytherules.Wealwayskeepthemachinesinourengineroomingoodorder.3. Self-introduction.1) .Youreducationbackground2) .Yourworkingexperience3)YourfamilyMynameis,Iam,yearsold.Icomefrom,.Iamsingle.IgraduatedfromGuangZhouMarineTechnicalSchoolin2003.Ihavebeenworkingonbo

6、ardasanengineerforabout5years.Inmysparetime,Ilikelisteningtothemusic,readingbooksanddoingsomeexercises.Ilikemyjobverymuch.4. Yourdailyworkonboard1) Yourpositiononboard.2) Yourdutiesduringwatch-keeping3) yourexperience.Iworkasanengineeronboard.Ilikethelifeonboard.Mymainworkistokeepallthepipesandpumps

7、ingoodcondition.SometimesIhavetodosomerepairworksuchasrepairingtheaircompressororpumpcylinders.Asmyexperiencethemostcommonproblemisthepumpcylinders.5. Watch-keepingintheengineroom1) Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.2) Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.3) Heisgoingtohandovertheshift.Theenginee

8、rondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.Heshallbeabletoserviceallthemachinery.Hehastomaintainthemachineryingoodworkingcondition.Iamanengineeronboard.Iaminchargeofdeckmachinery,allpumps,lifeboat,dieselengineandsoon.SometimesIhavetodosomerepairwork.Whensomethinggoeswrong,Ihavetocheckandremedyit.6. Couldyouintr

9、oduceyourself?(1) Whatsyourname?(2) Wheredidyougraduate?(3) Whateducationdegreedoyouhave?Mynameis,Iam,yearsold.Igraduatedfrom,.University.ImajoredinEngineering.Ihavebachelordegreenow.第二章機(jī)艙日常業(yè)務(wù)1.Pleasedescribethedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.(SeeFig.2-1andFig.2-2)Therearemanydi

10、fferencesbetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.Forexample:(1)thegasolineengineisoperatedwithfour-stroke,butthedieselenginecouldeitherbeoperatedbyfourortwo.(2)Thedieselengineisstartedbycompressedairorelectricmotor,butthegasolineengineisnormallystartedbymotorandfiredbysparkplug.(3)Thedieselengine

11、isalargetypeusually,itcouldproducemuchmorepowerthanthegasolineengine,andithashighmechanismefficiency,soitsthemostcommonlyusedengineonboardship2.XiaoWangisacadetoftheenginedepartment,whojustgraduatedfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducealltheengineroomtohim?Theengineroomistheheartoftheship

12、.Therearealotofmachinesthere.Thesemachinesprovidepowerorassistantfortheshipspropulsion,orthepowerofdailyusedforthecrew(dailylighting/cooking,).Themainenginewhichistheheartoftheengineroom,itcansupplypowerfortheshipspropulsion,soyoumustespeciallytotakecareofit.Thedonkeyenginelikeboilerswhichisusedforp

13、roducingsteam,aircompressorsarealsoimportant.Withoutthemtheshipcantoperate.Soasacadetoftheenginedepartment,youshouldbefamiliarwiththem,andkeepthemingoodrunningcondition.3. XiaoZhangisathree-yearstudentmajoringinmarineengineeringfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducetheequipmentandmachinery

14、intheengineroom?Therearemanymachinesintheengineroom.Themainengineistheheartoftheengineroom;itcouldsupplypowerforthevesselspropulsion.Therearealotofdonkeyenginesintheengineroom:boilersforproducingsteam,freshwatergeneratorisusedtoproducefreshwaterfromseawater,aircompressorisusedtosupplycompressedair,.

15、Soasoneofenginedepartment,youshouldbefamiliarwiththem,andkeepthemingoodrunningcondition.4. Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-3)Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsysteminclude

16、variousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthesterntubebearing.Thepropellerconsistsofabosswithseveralblades.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoshipstructure.5. Lookattheillus

17、trationandsaysomethingabouttheprobabilityofmedium-speedandhigh-speeddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-4)Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedsfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itrequirestwoenginesrunning.Whiletheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequirement.T

18、hatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleengines,orfourenginesaccordingtheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginesrunning,whileitapproachesthewharf,ithastwoinrunning.6.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstructureofthemainengine.(SeeFig.2-5)Thestructureoft

19、hemainengineisasfollows:(1) theconstructionmainlyincludesbedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.(2) Thecrankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframethereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylong

20、tie-rods.(3) Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.7. Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstressstatusofthemovingparts.(SeeFig.2-6)Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcritical/mainpartsofth

21、eengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.8. Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypeofpistonheadshapeindieselengine.(SeeFig.2-7)knurledpiston圓頂活塞domeheadpiston

22、凸頂活塞flatheadpiston平頂活塞crownheadpiston(convexheadpiston)凹頂活塞concaveheadpiston階梯頂活塞9. Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypesofpistonring(SeeFig.2-8)Pistonsareusuallyequippedwithpistonrings.Therearedifferentkindsofpistonringsinused.Forexample:Inaccordancewithsubsectionshape按斷面形狀分,itcanbedividedintothefoll

23、owingtypes:halfkeystonering半梯形環(huán)Rectangularring矩形環(huán)ChamferRing倒角環(huán)Twistedring扭曲環(huán)andsoon.Bystructure，itcanbedividedintotwomaintypes:Scrapingoilring刮油環(huán),GasRing氣環(huán),differentkindsofpistonringhasdifferentfunctions,butallinallitincludingthefunctionofsealing,conditioningoil,Thermalconductivity(heat),Direction(

24、bearing)密封、調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)油(控油)、導(dǎo)熱(傳熱)、導(dǎo)向(支承)10. Pleasedescribethelubricatingmodeofmainengine.Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderline

25、rwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevariousmovingpartsenablestheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwear.11. Talkabouttheworkingprincipleof(oil)purifieraccordingtothepicturegiven.(SeeFig.2-9)Oilpurifiersareusedonboardshiptotreatfueloilandlubricatingoil.Theoiltobep

26、urifiedisfirstallowedtosettleinasettlingtank.Anylargeparticleswillsettleoutandcanbedrainedeverywatch.Aftertheoilhastimetosettle,itispassedthroughfinemeshedwirefilterstoremoveanycoarseparticles(油經(jīng)過(guò)沉淀后，再通過(guò)細(xì)濾器去除大顆粒雜質(zhì)).Theoilisthensenttotheoilpurifier.Anoilpurifierusescentrifugalforceforseparatingdirtor

27、waterfromoil.Oiltobepurifiedisallowedtoenterthebowlwhileitisrotating.Theheaviercomponentsintheoilarethusforcedoutwards.Thesolidparticlesthataretoofinetoberemovedbyfiltrationareforcedtowardsthecircumferenceofthebowl.(Oilpurifiersusuallymaintainalayerofwaterinsidethebowltoactasasealfortheoil.Withoutth

28、ewaterlayertoactasseal,theoilcanflowouttogetherwiththeparticlesandbelost.Therewillbearingthatactslikeabarrierbetweentheoillayerandthewaterlayer.Thisringisknownasdamringorgravitydisc.Themostcommondesignshaveconicalplatestoensuretheparticlestoclumptogether.Thelargerparticlesformedwillweighmoreandmorea

29、ndareabletobeseparatedfromtheoileasier.）12. Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofoilywaterseparatoraccordingtothepicturegiven.（SeeFig.2-10）Theoilywaterseparatorworksontheprincipleofcoalescingsmalloildroplets（聚結(jié)小油滴）inthewatertoformlargeroildrops.Whentheoildropsbecomeslargeenough,thelowerdensityoildropsfloat

30、supandcollectsatthetopofthevessel.Thewaterremainsatthelowerportionandispumpedoverboard.Theoillayerispumpedintoanoilybilgetank,whichcanbepumpedoutatanoilcollectingfacilitywhentheshiparrivesataport.Theseparatorconsistsofaverticalcylindricalpressurevessel（垂直的圓柱形壓力容器）containinganumberofinvertedconicalpl

31、ates（反向的錐形板）.Theoilywaterenterstheseparatorintheupperhalfoftheunitandisdirecteddownwardstotheconicalplates.Largeglobulesofoilseparateoutintheupperpartoftheseparatorwhilethesmallerglobulesarecarriedbythewaterintothespacebetweentheplates.Therisingvelocityoftheglobulesarecarriedthemupwardswheretheybeco

32、metrappedbytheundersurfacesofplatesandcoalesceuntiltheenlargedglobuleshavesufficientrisingvelocitytotravelalong油滴向上的速度使油水theplatesurfaceandbreakawayattheperiphery.(向上運(yùn)動(dòng)，油滴在捕集板的下表面被捕集，并開(kāi)始集合，直到油滴長(zhǎng)大至有足夠的上升速度沿捕集板的表面運(yùn)動(dòng)并在四周分離)Astheoilrises,itiscaughtunderneathanannularbaffle(在圓形擋板下面)andisledupthroughthetu

33、rbulentinletareabyriserstocollectinthedomeoftheseparator.Thewaterleavestheconicalplateviacentralacentralpipewhichisconnectedtoaflangeatthebaseoftheseparator.13. Talkabouttheanti-pollutionequipmentonboardship.Thereusuallyissomeanti-pollutionequipmentonboardships:theyareoilywaterseparator,incineratora

34、ndsewagetreatingsystem.(1)Oilywaterseparatorsareusedtoensurethatshipsdonotdischargeoilwhenpumpingoutbilgewateroroilywaterfromoiltankerpreventingoilcontaminatedspace.Theyshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithsomeformsoffiltersifgreaterpurityisrequired.(2)Theincineratorsareusedtoburnthesolidwaste.(3)Andsomebio

35、logicalsewagetreatmentplantsareinuseatseatotreatthesewagewaterthewholeshipproduced.Alltheseequipmentperformtheirdutiestopreventpollutionsfromshiptothesea.(Andwemusttakegreatcareaboutthemtomeetthelatestlegislativerequirements.)14.Talkabouttheoperationoftheballastsystem.(1)Theballastsystemisarrangedto

36、ensurethatwatercanbedrawnfromanytankortheseaanddischargedtoanyothertankortheseaasrequiredtotrimthevessel.Combineorseparatemainsforsuctionanddischargemaybeprovided.Whereatankorcargospacecanbeusedforballastordrycargotheneitheraballastorbilgeconnectionwillberequired.(2)Thesystemmustthereforebearrangeds

37、othatonlytheappropriatepipelineisinservice;theothermustbesecurelyblanked(安全隔離)orclosedoff.Theautomaticfillingofanytankmaybeobtainedbyopeningthevalveofseawatermainconnectedtothedischargemain.Foroperatingtheballastsystem,caremusttakenwhenweopenorclosetherelativevalves.Usuallytheballastpumpiscentrifuga

38、lpump,soitmustbeoperatedaccordingtotherequirement.15.Talkabouttheoperationofthebilgesystem.(Theoperationofthebilgesystemisanimportroutinework,whichneedsgreatcarefulness.Whenitisneeded,thefollowingproceduremustbestrictlyobserved:)1) Dischargethebilgetanksonebyone.2) Openandclosetherelevantvalveswhenc

39、hangingovertoanothertankaccordingtotheoperationprocedure.3) Stoppumpingoutwhenthebilgetankisnearlyempty.4) Payattentiontothefiltersandmud-boxes(油泥箱)toensurenoclogging5) Thedischargemustmeettherelativelegislativerequirements.6) TheoperationmustberecordedandreportedtoC/E.(Thedutyengineershoulddischarg

40、ethebilgesbeforehandingoverawatch.Andreliefengineershouldcheckthebilgelevelwhentakingoverawatch.)第三章駕機(jī)聯(lián)系1.Communicationswithofficers.Inordertoensurethesafenavigationoftheship,frequentcommunicationbetweentheengineersandofficersisnecessary.Theusualmeansofcommunicationisbytelephoneandtelegraph.Ifthecom

41、municationbetweentheengineroomandthebridgefails,theshipwillbeendangered.Therecordsofcommunicationshouldbemaintainedwhichwillprovideevidenceintheeventofanaccidentatsea.Noonreportisalsoagoodmeansofcommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridge.2.Noonreport.Noonreportmustberecordedeveryday.Itisatablewit

42、hthreecolumnsinit.Thefirstoneisaboutthedailyperformancedata;Therearesixlinesinthefirstcolumns,someofthedataofmainenginerunning,shipandvoyagearetobeenteredhere,suchasthetotalrevolutionsandaveragerpmofM.E.betweennoons;thespeedoftheship;thedistancetheshiphasmadeandthedistancestillremainstothenextportof

43、call;andofcoursetheETAwhichcanbecalculatedaccordingtothepresentspeedandsituations.Thesecondoneisabouttheremarksfromchiefengineerifhehasany;andthethirdisthelogofworkinghoursofthemainengineandauxiliaryengines.3.Takeoverwatch.Beforetakingoveranengineeringwatch,therelievingengineershouldcheckvariousthin

44、gs.(1)Heshouldreadthestandingordersandspecialinstructionsofthechiefengineer.(2)Heshouldbeawareofallworkbeingperformedonmachineryandsystems.(3)Heshouldcheckthelevelandconditionoffuel,waterorresiduesintanksandbilges.(4)Heshouldknowtheconditionandmodeofoperationofthemainandauxiliarysystems(5)Heshouldal

45、socheckothernecessarythings.4. Handoverwatch.Atthecompletionofthewatch,eachmemberofwatch-keepingshouldhandovertohisrelief,ensuringthatthereliefiscompetenttotakeoverandcarryouthisdutieseffectively.Beforegoingoffduty,theengineerinchargeofthewatchshallensurethatalleventsrelatedtothemainandauxiliarymach

46、ineryaresuitablyrecorded.Heshouldtelltherelievingengineerthestandingorders,specialinstructionsandunfinishedwork,ifany.Ifhehasanyreasontobelievethattherelievingengineerisnotcapableofcarryingoutthewatch-keepingdutieseffectively,heshallnothandoverthewatchandthechiefengineershallbenotified.5. Standbyeng

47、inebeforedeparture.Whenstanding-byengineforsailing,weshoulddovariousthings.(1)Weshouldcheckvarioussystemsandpartsofthemainengine.Weshouldwarmupthemainengine.Weshouldengagetheturninggearandgivetheengineatleastonecompleteturn.(2)Afterinformingthebridge,wewillgivethemainengineabrieftrialonpoweraheadand

48、astern.Finally,wewillring“stand-by”ontheenginetelegraph.6. Standbyengineaftersailing.(1) Whendoyoubeginstandbyengine?船舶抵達(dá)錨地或進(jìn)港需要備車。Standbyshouldbedonewhenshipreachinganchorageorwharf.(2) Howdoyoustandbyengine?老型機(jī)應(yīng)使用輕質(zhì)燃油。起動(dòng)另一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)提供備用電力，起動(dòng)空氣瓶應(yīng)隨時(shí)補(bǔ)足空氣，并隨時(shí)注意和保持汽笛空氣瓶的氣壓處于正常范圍之內(nèi)，以備駕駛臺(tái)使用。Theoldstyleenginesh

49、ouldbestartedbylightdieseloil.Startanothergeneratortosupplystandbypower.Startingairreceivershouldbechargedatanytime,andbesuretokeepthepressureinwhistleairreceiverinnormalscaleforbridgereadyuse.7. Measurestobetakenbydutyengineersatroughsea.Whensailingatroughsea,theshipwillpitchandrollviolently.Sowesh

50、ouldpumpuptheslacktanksandsecuresomemovablethings.ThemainenginespeedmayexceedthemaximumallowableRPMbecausethepropellermaybeabovetheseasurface.Theshipsspeedmaybereducedbecauseofgreaterresistance.Soweshouldcloselyobservetheworkingconditionofthemainengine.Andweshouldgetreadytorespondtoanyemergencycondi

51、tions.8. Actionstobetakenafter“Finishedwithengine”isgiven.(1) whendoyoubeginfinishingwithengine?(2) howdoyoufinishwithengineAfter“finishedwithengine”isgiven,weshouldtakethefollowingactions:(1) Ensurethatthetelegraphisatstop;(2) Ensurethatthefuelcontrolorspeedadjustingleverisatzero;(3) Ensurethatthes

52、tartingairleverisintheneutralposition;(4)Shutthestartingairvalvesandthestartingairtanks;(5) Openthedraincocksonthestartingairmanifold;(6) Shutoffthefuelboosterpumpandsteamtothefuelheater;(7) Engagetheturninggearandlockthelever,opentheindicatorcocks;(8)By-passthejacketwaterandlubricatingoilcoolersand

53、continuecirculatingthecoolant;(9) Graduallyreducethecoolingwatertemperatureoveraperiodof8hours;(10)Turnthemainenginethrough3or4turnsatfirstandthroughoneturnatintervalsduringcooling.Besidesthese,therearealotofotherthingstobedone.9. Talkaboutsteeringgeartesting.Thesteeringgearisforensuringsatisfactory

54、operation.Thisjobshouldbedonebeforeashipsdeparturefromanyport.Thetestingshouldinclude:1) Operationofthemainsteeringgear.2) Operationoftheauxiliarysteeringgearoruseofthesecondpumpwhichactstheauxiliary.3) Operationoftheremotecontrolsystemorsystemsfromthemainbridgesteeringgear.4) Operationofthesteering

55、gearusingtheemergencypowersupply.5) )checkingoftherudderangleindicatorreadings;6) )checkingofthealarmsfittedtotheremotecontrolsystemandthesteeringgearpowerunits.Duringthesetests,theruddershouldbemovedthroughitsfulltravelinbothdirections.Thecommunicationsystembetweenthebridgeandthesteeringgearcompart

56、mentshouldalsobetested.10. ActionstobetakeninthecaseofthetrialofmainengineBeforethetrialofmainengine,thedutyengineerwillaskthemotormantowarmupoilfuel,lubricatingoilandtheengine.Thesystemsoflubricatingoil,coolingwaterandfueloilshouldbechecked,preparedandtheirpumpsturnedon.Thecompressedairsystemshould

57、bedrained,chargedanditsvalvesopened.Thenturnandruntheenginebyputtinginstartingair.Afterthetrialofmainengine,thedutyengineershouldwritedownthestartingairpressurevaluesforeachtimetheengineisstartedaheadandastern.Anyabnormalconditionfoundduringthetrialshouldbewrittendownanddealtwithassoonaspossible.11.

58、 TalkaboutEngineRoomOrders.Orderslike“deadslowahead”“halfastern”“fullaheadstop”aresomeexamplesofengineroomorders.Theenginetelegraphisadevicewithapointerandhandle,whichisusedtoconveyordersbetweenthebridgeandtheengineroom.Whenthepersonnelonthebridgemovethehandleofthetelegraphonthebridge,thereisacorrespondingmovementofthepointeroftheengineroomtelegraphtogetherwiththesoundofagong(盤形鐘).Theengineermaneuveringtheengineattheengineroomonhearingthegongandthemovementofthepointerwillacknowledgetheorderbymoving