2020年領(lǐng)軍高考英語必考點全梳理專題01名詞(精講深剖)(原卷版)

1、專題 01 名詞真題速遞21I.單句語法填空1 .（ 2019? 全國卷 I ） In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a （believe） that populations are increasing.2 . （ 2019? 全國卷 III）When they were free from work ， they invited us to local events and let

2、 us know of an interesting（compete）to watch ， together with the story behind it.3 .（ 2019? 浙江卷 ）Other American studies showed no （connect） between uniforms and school performance.4 . （ 2018 6 月浙江高考）Making Chinese（ dish）is seen as especially troublesome.5（ 2017? 全國卷 I ） This trend， which was started

3、by the medical community（ 醫(yī)學(xué)界）as a method of fightingheart disease has had some unintended side（ effect） such as overweight and heart disease -the verything the medical community was trying to fight.6 （ 2016? 全國卷I ）The nursery team switches him every few（day ） with his sister so that while oneis bei

4、ng bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects.II 單句改錯1 .（2019?全國卷I） To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net.2 .（2019?全國卷II ） Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I wouldlike to do.3 .（2019?全國卷III）I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.4（. 2018? 全國卷I）

5、Last winter when I went there again ， they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.5 .（ 2018? 全國卷）At that moment, I remembered at m father once said, “ The classroom is a place for learningand that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”6 .（ 2016? 全國卷）The teenage year fro

6、m13to19 were the most difficult time for me.高考對名詞詞義辨析以及習(xí)慣搭配用法的考查將仍然是重點。名詞除了獨立考查其詞義辨析外，還常結(jié)合其他項目一起考查，題型以單項填空、短文改錯、完形填空及單詞拼寫等形式出現(xiàn)，考查要點主要包括：1 考查名詞詞義辨析和習(xí)慣搭配。名詞詞義辨析包括同義詞辨析、近義詞辨析、同形詞辨析和不同詞義的名詞在語境中的辨析。另外，高考還考查容易混淆的名詞的辨形、辨義以及名詞的慣用法等。2考查名詞的數(shù)（可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)）、名詞所有格、抽象名詞的具體化、物質(zhì)名詞的量化、名詞和冠詞的搭配以及主謂一致等。3考查名詞的“舊詞新意”和 “

7、名詞動化”現(xiàn)象。這種現(xiàn)象主要以隱形考查的方式出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解和完形填空試題中。如：shelter n庇護，避難所 vt.保護，躲避，避難；storm n. 暴風(fēng)雨，大動蕩 vi.&vt. 橫沖直撞，猛攻； shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部vt. 肩負，承擔(dān)；trail n 小徑，痕跡vt. 追蹤?！局斢浺?guī)則】 可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)形式，而不可數(shù)名詞通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示一個人或事物用單數(shù)，表示一個以上的人 或事物用復(fù)數(shù)。構(gòu)情況成方讀音例詞法一般情況加清map maps 地圖-s輔bag - bags 書包/袋子音car cars 小汽車后book-books 書/s/； 濁 輔音和 元音 后讀

8、/z/apple-apples 蘋果pen-pens鳥bird-birds 鋼筆tree-trees 樹 girl-girls 女孩以s,ss,x,ch,sh等結(jié)尾的詞加-es-es讀/iz/bus buses 公共汽車 class - classes 課box boxes 盒子 watch - watches 手表 brush - brushes 刷子 dish-dishes 盤子 /一碟菜以 -f 或 -fe 結(jié)尾的名詞多數(shù)將-f和-fe變v加-es-ves讀/vz/wife-wives 妻子leaf leaves 樹葉shelf-shelves 架子knife - knives 小刀wo

9、lf-wolves 狼thief thieves 賊 /小偷half-halves 半life lives 生命記憶口訣：妻子用樹架小刀將賊和狼劈成2 半結(jié)束它們的生命以元音字母 + y 結(jié) 尾的名詞(a,e,i, o,u)直-sboy-boys 男孩day-days接加-s讀/z/天monkey monkeys 猴子holiday holidays 假日toy-toys 玩具key-keys 鑰匙 /【答案】記憶口訣：男孩和猴子天天在節(jié)假日玩玩具和鑰匙以輔音字母 + y 結(jié) 尾的非專有名詞a,e,i ,o, u變y為i再加es-s讀/z/baby babies 嬰兒 /寶貝story sto

10、ries 故事factory-factories 工廠city-cities 城市l(wèi)ibrary-libraries 圖書館family-families 家庭hobby-hobbies 業(yè)余愛好以輔音字母 + 0 結(jié) 尾的名詞一般加-es-es讀/z/Negro-Negroes 黑人 hero heroes 英雄 tomato tomatoes 西紅柿 potato potatoes 土豆 mango-mangoes 芒果 記憶口訣：黑人英雄喜歡 吃西紅柿，土豆還有芒果以元音字母 + 0 結(jié) 尾的以及外來名詞加-s-s讀/z/zoo - zoos 動物園photo-photos 照片 kan

11、garoo-kangaroos 袋鼠 bamboo bamboos 竹子radio radios 收音機piano-pianos 鋼琴記憶口訣：（動物園）（照片）中的（袋鼠）可以用（竹子）聽（收音機）和彈（鋼琴）保deer-deer 鹿單復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞持sheep-sheep 綿羊不fish-fish 魚變people-people 人 /人們Chinese-Chinese 中國人English 英國人Japanese-Japanese日本人Vietnamese- Vietnamese越南人Swiss 瑞士人Portuguese 葡萄牙人Lebanese 黎巴嫩人記憶口訣：草原上吃草兩種動物：鹿

12、和綿羊水里游的魚；中日英三國家人；越，瑞，葡，黎4四國家人表示某國人名詞的復(fù)數(shù)直human-humans（人，人類）接German-Germans（ 德國人）加Russian-Russian（俄羅斯s人）American-Americans（ 美國人）Italian-Italians （意大利人）Indian-Indians （印度人）Canadian-Canadians（加拿大）Australian-Australians （澳大）Swede-Swedes（瑞典人）記憶口訣：人類/德國俄，美，意，印，加，瑞復(fù)數(shù)加S無連字號復(fù)合名詞以mooncake-mooncakes（月后餅）面bookca

13、se-bookcase（s 書櫥）名armchair-armchairs（輪椅）詞toothpick-toothpicks （牙變簽）復(fù)housewife-housewives（ 家數(shù)庭主婦）規(guī)gentleman-gentlemen（紳律士）保bookshelf-bookshelves （書持架）一stopwatch-stopwatches（秒致表）wineglass-wineglasses（酒杯）birthday-birthdays（ 生日 ）blackboard-blackboards（ 黑板）greenhouse-greenhouses（溫室）【考題印證】單句語法填空1.（2018 全國

14、卷 I ） Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（cause）.2（ 2017? 全國卷）In1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for ju

15、stunder seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible（crowd） on the roads above as they travelledto and from work.單句改錯1 .（ 2018 全國卷 II ） After supper ， we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.2 .（ 2017? 全國卷 I） The instructor kept repeating the word,！ ”“ “ p Seelodwu dpow！ n”

16、“Turn le！ ft”二、抽象名詞具體化抽象名詞是表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、情感等而沒有實物的名詞。抽象名詞具體化后變成可數(shù)名詞，前面可加不定冠詞，用來強調(diào)其具體表現(xiàn)形式或表示某一次短暫的動作，常意為“一次 的事情；一個 的人；一種 的東西 ”。如：抽象名詞具體意義success成功a success成功的人或事failure 失敗a failure 失敗的人或事pleasure 樂趣a pleasure令人高興的事pity 同情a pity 令人遺憾的事relief 寬慰a relief 令人寬慰的事2016. 全國卷）But for tourists like me ， pandas are i

17、ts top （attract）兩man teacher-men teachers單詞意義短語、例句advice建議give sb. some advice on sth.者都（男老師）woman doctor-womenequipmenta set of equipmentexperience經(jīng)驗 （注：“經(jīng)歷 ”可數(shù)）Mr. Li has much teaching experience.exercise鍛煉 （注：“練習(xí) ”可數(shù)）take exercisefun開心、快樂的事What fun it is to do sth.!furniture家具a set of furniturene

18、ws/information/word消息，新聞Word came that he won thefirst prize in the match.baggage/luggage行李a piece of baggage/luggageprogress進步make great/rapid/some/noprogress in sth.practice練習(xí)Practice makes perfect.work工作weather天氣applause掌聲a burst of applause 一陣掌聲wealth財富，富裕friendship友誼energy精力homework家庭作業(yè)knowledg

19、e知識nature自然luck運氣doctors（女醫(yī)生）男人/女人做定語修飾名詞，兩者都需要變復(fù)數(shù)health健康technology技能courage勇氣help幫助hope希望food食物wood木材scenery風(fēng)景jewelry珠寶poetry詩歌evidence證據(jù)【考題印證】單句改錯1. （2019. 開封模擬）Why not come and join us if you want know more informations about our future spaceschools?2. （2016.全國卷II）If we go on a trip abroad,we ca

20、n broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get frombooks.考點精講語法填空解題“三定向 ”一 . 根據(jù)修飾詞確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式( 1 )不定冠詞a,an后用名詞單數(shù)形式;(2) 有 these,those,several,all,many,both,a pair of,a variety of,different,a few 等修飾可數(shù)名詞時名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形；( 3)名詞前有one of， among 時用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。【思路點撥】1. The team who won the three world(championship)

21、would always get this cup.2. Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of(scissor).3. During the festival ,which lasts threes or four days,people are dressed in their best clothes and participated a variety of rich and colorful(activity).4. Although they are seen as companions and part of the f

22、amily today, China and Western countries have different cultural(belief) about dogs.5. Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational(complaint) about the unbearableadvertisements.6. Going to Cambridge University was a dream of mine, for it is one of the top( university) in theworld.7. I

23、 decided to label one of my small( purse) which I actually had with me that day, with her name,along with some some cash inside and an encouraging note.二 . 根據(jù)謂語動詞確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞作主語時，如果一般在時的謂語動詞是動詞原形或are，要慮用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式?！舅悸伏c撥】1. While here are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us, the(cha

24、nge) are gradual andrequire a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.2. Recent(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.三 . 根據(jù)常識和句意確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式表示兩個(武兩個以上)的可數(shù)名詞及并列名詞時，名詞需數(shù)形式【思路點撥】1.Tim and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use

25、on(passer- by).2.1 t thinks that Chinglish may hurt peoples ability to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with(foreigner).3. Unable to express himself easily in conversation, he uses a special typewriter to write letters to his friends, and beautiful( poem).三招巧解短文改錯解題一 .

26、 分清名詞單復(fù)數(shù)看到several， a few， many， one of, a number of， large number of， a great many等和具體數(shù)字（two， three）等時，要想到其后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。l. The two thing that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.1. It is not easy for our parent to bring us up.2. I failed to respond to their question.3. The teac

27、hers often encourage us to make more friend in the school.4. Due to some rich tourist attraction, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they cannot only appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also enjoy the delicious food.二明了不可數(shù)名詞看到 information ， evidence，advice， baggage， news， homework

28、， work ， fun ， progress， knowledge, furniture,luggage, strength 等，要想到它們是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式【思路點撥】1 .He has much knowledges and his teaching method is scientific.2 .Looking at the spot where he thought the flywas again,he was so angry that he slapped it with all his strengths.3 .A lot of informations can be

29、 stored in it.4 .She s getting married next month and decides to buy some decorations and furnitures.三注意詞性錯誤看到冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、介詞或及物動詞（短語），要想到后跟名詞形式。1.I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient.2.Firstly, it is of vital important to have a positive attitude.3.I restart

30、ed to pick up my confident again.模擬訓(xùn)練單句語法填空1. （山東省安丘市、諸城市、 五蓮縣、蘭山區(qū) 2019 屆高三 4 月模擬訓(xùn)練英語試題）A collection of short （essay）, Writing in the Margins of Life , was published in 1941.2 .（哈師大附中東北師大附中遼寧省實驗中學(xué)2019 年高三第二次聯(lián)合模擬考試）Throughout thebuffet dinner, we enjoyed several fantastic （perform）.3 .（吉林省名校2019 屆高三下

31、學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試）The colour comes from the wooden （container） in which the whisky is stored for several years4 . （ 2019 年東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體高考模擬試卷（一） Even the second class （chair） provide plentyof space.5 . （吉林省遼源市普通高中2019 屆高三第二次模擬考試）Co-sponsored by AESA, America East ShandongChamber of Commerce and Confucius Ed

32、ucation Foundation Inc, the festival （feature） recitation ofthe “ Di Zi Gui.6 .（遼寧省葫蘆島市2019 屆高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬考試）The robots s ensors can detect （object） andquickly get out of the way.7 .（山東省淄博市高三第一次模擬考試英語試題）People rushed to get free （ticket）online ， for the rarenight-time opening ，8 .（山東省泰安市2019 屆高三第一次模擬考試

33、）Like the nearby Huangjuewan Overpass ， in Chongqing, thisincredibly complex infrastructure project has been labelled a nightmare for （motorist） trying to find their wayaround.9 .（ 山東省濟南市2019 屆高三第一次模擬考試）Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut _65_（character）， such as princesses and an

34、gels，10 （ 2019 年大連市高三第一次模擬考試）Even the second class （chair） provide plenty of space.11 .（廣東省2019 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試模擬試卷（一）“ Alcohol is something that everyonethought harmful for（ decade）, but no one has scientifically demonst rated it, ” a professor wrote in a pressrelease.12 . （湖南省岳陽市2019 屆高三第二次模擬考試）No

35、 problem, this smartwatch can get through without so manyas nicks （刻痕 ） or （scratch）.13 . （山東省日照市2019 屆高三第一次模擬考試）From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts ，it s no wonder it is one of China s most _p_o_p_u_la_r（ spcoetn）i.c14 . （咸陽市2019 年高考模擬檢測（二）Every year around Valentine s Day,

36、men begin to worry about what（present） to buy 單句改錯1. （哈師大附中東北師大附中遼寧省實驗中學(xué)2019 年高三第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試）Cloning humans canbring negative effects and wrong informations.2. （哈師大附中東北師大附中遼寧省實驗中學(xué)2019 年高三第二次聯(lián)合模擬考試）I am sure that yourinvolvement will not only help us win the award and also strengthen the friendship betw

37、een our school.3（山東省安丘市、.諸城市、 五蓮縣、 蘭山區(qū) 2019屆高三 4月模擬訓(xùn)練英語試題）As far as I know, Peter is alwaysin poor health, so he should take more exercises by riding a bike to have his body build up.We each spent several classes make a paper maskWith a little of bit of patience and communication ， many ofI am writing to offer my sincere congratulation.To express our thank for your excellent teaching in our school ，It is advisable to participate in different kind of activities ,I saw a mother