英語(yǔ)翻譯中選詞常見錯(cuò)誤分析

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上翻譯 常見錯(cuò)誤分析英漢翻譯常見問(wèn)題與錯(cuò)誤分析一、不要忽視簡(jiǎn)單字眼的翻譯我們?cè)谄匠５膶W(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，對(duì)英語(yǔ)詞匯的理解不要停留在表面的字詞對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，而是要抓住其實(shí)質(zhì)特征，只有這樣，才能從根本上把握詞義。請(qǐng)看下面幾個(gè)常用詞。Well在以下各例中，well都不宜譯作“好”。1. The bridge was so well built that it lasted for 100 years.2. The demand for electricity may get well below the average level.3. Radar waves go through cl

2、ouds or fog quite well, whereas light waves do not.4. This paper is well written except for a little miscalculation.5. The temperature is well above the set value.6. The house is well situated.7. Shake the bottle well before experiment.8. It may well be true.9. Plants cant grow well in the absence o

3、f water.10. Examine the account well before you pay it.11. 橋建得很牢，至少能用100年。12. 電的需求量可能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于平均水平。13. 雷達(dá)波能非常容易地穿過(guò)云和霧，而光波卻不行。14. 這篇論文寫得不錯(cuò)，不過(guò)有一點(diǎn)兒計(jì)算失誤。15. 溫度大大高于定值。16. 房屋的地理位置十分優(yōu)越。17. 實(shí)驗(yàn)之前將瓶?jī)?nèi)液體搖晃均勻。18. 這很可能是真的。19. 沒(méi)有水植物就不能茁壯生長(zhǎng)。20. 付款之前須仔細(xì)核實(shí)賬目。Last: 在以下各例中，last都不宜譯作“最后”。1. He is the last man to accept a bri

4、be.2. He is the last man for such a job.3. He is the last man to consult.4. Bikini was the last thing shed like to wear.5. He should be the last man to blame.6. This is the last place where I expected to meet you.7. Money is the last thing he wants, and you wont succeed by offering it.8. This would

5、be the last place the colonialists would leave, for in it lay riches and natural resources.1. 他決不會(huì)受賄。2. 他最不適合這項(xiàng)工作。3. 他根本不值得請(qǐng)教。4. 她最不喜歡穿比基尼泳裝。5. 怎么也不應(yīng)該責(zé)備他。6. 怎么也沒(méi)想到我會(huì)在這個(gè)地方見到你。7. 他決不想要你的錢，你給他錢也白搭。8. 這是殖民主義者最不愿意離開的地方，因?yàn)檫@里的自然資源極為豐富。challenge在以下各例中，challenge都不宜譯作“挑戰(zhàn)”。1. I challenge my own conclusion.2. I

6、 challenge you to answer the question.3. China challenges the world in discipline. .4. Recent discoveries have challenged the old notions.5. His question challenges us to think.6. Survival in enemy-occupied territory challenged skill.7. 我要重新考慮我的結(jié)論。8. 我諒你答不出這個(gè)問(wèn)題。9. 中國(guó)的紀(jì)律居世界第一。10. 最近的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)使一些老觀念成了問(wèn)題。11

7、. 他的問(wèn)題促使我們思考。12. 在敵占區(qū)生存需要有高超的技術(shù)。Delicatedelicate skin嬌嫩的皮膚delicate porcelain精致的瓷器delicate upbringing嬌生慣養(yǎng)delicate living奢侈的生活delicate health虛弱的身體delicate stomach容易吃壞的胃delicate vase容易碰碎的花瓶delicate diplomatic question微妙的外交問(wèn)題delicate difference講不大清楚的差別delicate surgical operation難做的外科手術(shù)delicate ear for m

8、usic對(duì)音樂(lè)有鑒賞力delicate sense of smell靈敏的嗅覺delicate touch生花妙筆delicate food美味的食物二、切忌望文生義It was as though someone had taken a huge brush and painted a bulls-eye around every place Americans gather, every icon we revere, every service we depend on, and vowed to take them out or shut them down, or force us

9、to do it ourselves.?好像是有人用一把巨大的刷子將靶心刷上美國(guó)人聚集的任何地點(diǎn)我們所敬仰的每一個(gè)圖標(biāo)，我們所依靠的每一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，并發(fā)誓要去掉它們，關(guān)閉它們，或是迫使我們自己這樣干。科技英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)：與科技文體格格不入時(shí)，尤其要當(dāng)心。ball bearing, test bed, carrier rocket, pneumatic cushion, tractor shoe, monkey driver, ball cock, automatic pecker, worm auger, decay daughter, sister metal, foreign tissue, get

10、ter pump, ghost image, heel block, heartman, downer, at farm, mosquito bomb, plastic stockings, nose cap， flu mask, first aid, fire engine, skid chain, sweet water, drug-fast, vital capacityI-bar, O-ring, T-square, octahedron, zigzag chain, gable roof, cross stitch, set square, arch dam, cam shaft,

11、cone buoy, U-bolt滾珠軸承，實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)，運(yùn)載火箭，氣壓式緩沖器，拖拉機(jī)履帶片，錘式打樁機(jī)，球閥，自動(dòng)穿孔器，螺旋鉆，裂變產(chǎn)物，同類金屬，異體組織，抽氣泵，疊影，墊塊(板)，心臟移植者，鎮(zhèn)靜劑，減肥中心，殺蚊彈，玻璃絲襪，防毒面具，衛(wèi)生口罩，急救，救火車，防滑鏈，飲用水， 抗藥性， 肺活量工字梁，環(huán)形圈，丁字尺，八面體，Z形鏈，人字屋頂，十字縫，三角尺，拱壩，凸輪軸，錐形浮標(biāo)，U形螺栓三、注意語(yǔ)義分析1. 根據(jù)詞性確定詞義：1) He saw a man sawing trees with a saw. 他看見一個(gè)人正用鋸子鋸樹。2) Needing some light to se

12、e by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.3) Eat what you can and can what you cannot. 能吃的吃掉，吃不掉的就做成罐頭。2. 詞的褒貶色彩ambition (抱負(fù)，野心)，ambitious (雄心勃勃的，野心勃勃的)，envy (羨慕，妒忌)，envious (羨慕的，妒忌的)，luxury (舒適環(huán)境，奢侈豪華)，luxurious (十分舒適的，奢侈豪華的)，pride (自豪，驕傲)，pr

13、oud (自豪的，驕傲的)，encourage (鼓勵(lì)，慫恿)，protect (保護(hù)，庇護(hù))，rebellion (反抗，叛亂)，uprising (起義，暴亂)，等。Mr. Brown is a very white man. He was looking rather green the other day. He has been feeling blue lately. When I saw him he was in a brown study. I hope hell soon be in the pink again.布朗先生是個(gè)非常忠實(shí)可靠的人。那天，他臉上頗有病容，近來(lái)他悶

14、悶不樂(lè)。我見到他時(shí)他在沉思之中。希望他早日恢復(fù)健康。3. 語(yǔ)境與邏輯：改錯(cuò)1. In 1872, he published the results in a paper titled The Calvanie Chain, Mathematically Treated.誤：在1872年，他用“電流的鏈、數(shù)學(xué)化處理”為標(biāo)題在報(bào)紙上出版了這個(gè)結(jié)果。正：1872年，他以“電流的鏈、數(shù)學(xué)化處理”為標(biāo)題的論文里發(fā)表了這個(gè)結(jié)果。2. Great was his joyous pride when he proved to his own satisfaction, by patient experimen

15、ts of his own, the explanations given in the lectures.誤：當(dāng)時(shí)他由于自己勤奮的試驗(yàn)和講課中所得到的解釋顯得滿意時(shí)，他是興高采烈的。正：當(dāng)他通過(guò)自己耐心的試驗(yàn)滿意地證明了講課中所作的解釋時(shí)，他那種欣喜無(wú)比的自豪感簡(jiǎn)直難以形容。3. Scientific discoveries and inventions do not always influence the language in proportion to their importance.誤：科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)與發(fā)明，就其重要性的比例而言，并不一定對(duì)語(yǔ)言有什么影響。正：科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)與發(fā)明，并不總

16、是會(huì)對(duì)語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生與其重要性相當(dāng)?shù)挠绊憽?. How wild his white hair lookedas if it had been electrified.誤：他滿頭白發(fā)，十分凌亂簡(jiǎn)直像剛電燙過(guò)一般。正：他滿頭白發(fā)，十分凌亂簡(jiǎn)直像通了電一般地向上豎。5. The importance of superconductor in the uses of electricity cannot be overestimated.誤：超導(dǎo)體在電器應(yīng)用上的重要性不能被估計(jì)過(guò)高。正：對(duì)超導(dǎo)體在電器應(yīng)用上的重要性怎么估計(jì)也不會(huì)過(guò)高。6. All your moods are created by you

17、r thoughts, or “cognitions”. “You feel the way you do right now because of the thoughts you have at this moment.”誤：所有的情緒都是由思維產(chǎn)生的，或者說(shuō)來(lái)源于“認(rèn)識(shí)”，“你之所以感到這么做是對(duì)的，那是因?yàn)槟愕拇竽X就是這么想的。”正：所有的情緒都是由思維產(chǎn)生的，或者說(shuō)來(lái)源于“認(rèn)識(shí)”，“你現(xiàn)在有這樣的感覺是因?yàn)槟愦丝逃羞@樣的思想?！?. The pilot lamp stopped to represent the termination of the operation.誤：指示燈停止

18、顯示操作終止。正：指示燈熄滅，以表示操作終止。8. If a designer were to design a bracket to support 100 lb. when it should have been figured for 1000 lb., failure would be forthcoming.誤：如果設(shè)計(jì)者所設(shè)計(jì)的托架能支撐100磅，當(dāng)它被設(shè)計(jì)為1000磅時(shí)，事故一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)。正：如果一個(gè)托架應(yīng)當(dāng)被設(shè)計(jì)為1000磅而設(shè)計(jì)者卻將它設(shè)計(jì)為100磅，那么肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)事故。9. They think along parallel lines and have to table t

19、he bill.誤：他們的見解一致，因此得將它列入日程。正：他們的見解不一致，因此得將它擱置起來(lái)。四、注意區(qū)分比較：1. She bought a red and a yellow dress.2. She bought a red and yellow dress.3. She was with a child.4. She was with child.5. This tool is no more useful than that one.6. This tool is not more useful than that one.7. He hurled the bone to the

20、dog.8. He hurled the bone at the dog.9. Quite properly, he was punished.10. He was punished quite properly.11. Although he is busy, Henry is in high spirits.12. He is busy, but Henry is in high spirits.13. They say David is mad, and so he is.14. He says Jane is mad, and so is he.15. This cup of tea

21、is fairly hot.16. This cup of tea is rather hot.17. He is anything but a teacher.18. He is nothing but a teacher.19. You may as well say so.20. You might as well say so.21. You have offended the girl as deeply as I.22. You have offended the girl as deeply as me.23. His success is out of question.24.

22、 His success is out of the question.25. It has been raining continually for two hours. (不斷地, 頻繁地)26. It has been raining continuously for two hours. (不斷地, 連續(xù)地)27. I regret to say he was wrong. 28. I regret saying he was wrong.29. She spoke to the boy as a mother.30. She spoke to the boy like a mothe

23、r.31. He stood there to watch the train come in.32. He stood there watching the train come in.33. I, as well as you, shall not do this test.34. I shall not do this test as well as you.35. The children who wanted to play soccer ran to an open field.36. The children, who wanted to play soccer, ran to

24、an open field.五、注意語(yǔ)句中的“怪異現(xiàn)象” (錯(cuò)誤譯文)1. They often talk horse. 他們常常談?wù)擇R。2. That woman walks the streets. 那個(gè)婦女常在那些街上走。3. Ill report that official. 我要向那位官員報(bào)告。4. The machine is in repair. 那臺(tái)機(jī)器正在修理之中。5. Well stand up to the project. 我們都贊成這個(gè)工程。6. Dont make a fuss of them! 別對(duì)那些事大驚小怪！7. She is in the dock. 她在

25、碼頭上。8. The boss gave her the sack. 老板給了她一個(gè)麻袋。9. That girl student is in the green. 那個(gè)女學(xué)生身著綠裝。10. The old lady has gone to her rest. 那個(gè)老太太睡覺去了。11. That young man has lost his heart. 那個(gè)青年人失去了信心。12. The old man often takes his medicine. 那老人常服藥。13. That fellow did hard labor for 3 years. 那個(gè)伙計(jì)干過(guò)三年艱苦的勞動(dòng)。1

26、4. The woman in labor is his wife. 那個(gè)勞動(dòng)的婦女是他的妻子。15. Im not a little afraid of snakes. 我一點(diǎn)也不怕蛇。16. We charged him to do it. 我們指控他干了那個(gè)事。17. They surprised him doing it. 他們驚嚇得他做那個(gè)事。18. I have seen him through. 我看透了他。19. He is the Speaker. 他是講演者。20. Where is the Book? 那本書在哪？21. Do you know anything about Japan? 你了解日本嗎？22. I bought some salts yesterday.