新概念英語第二冊筆記-第88課

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在礦井里【Text】Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to

2、collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hour

3、s and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have

4、been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.【課文翻譯】6個人被困在礦井里已有17個小時了。如果不把 他們盡快救到地面上來，他們就有可能喪生。然而，事實證明營救工作非常困難。如果用炸藥爆破，震動會引起礦頂塌落。因此，營救人員在礦井的北側(cè)鉆了一個洞。他們準(zhǔn)備用一種特制的容器把這6個人救上來。如果不是因為土壤下面有一層堅硬的巖石，他們的營救工作僅用幾個

5、小時就可以完成了。實際情況是，他們已連 續(xù)鉆了16個小時了，但離鉆透還早著呢。與此同時，兩個小時以前放下井去的一只麥克風(fēng)使井下的人可以與其親屬保持聯(lián)系。雖然他們的食物和飲料都快消耗盡了，但這些人的心情很好，堅信他們很快就會出去。他們一直被告知營救工作進(jìn)行得非常順利。如果他們知道了鉆透那堅硬的巖石有多么困難，他們會喪失信心的。New words and expressions 生詞和短語trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境 surface n. 地面，表面explosive n. 炸藥 vibration n. 震動collapse v. 坍塌 drill v. 鉆孔capsule n. 容器 la

6、yer n. 層、層次beneath prep. 在.之下 lower v. 放下，降低progress v. 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行 smoothly adv. 順利地【生詞講解】1. trap1）v. 陷入，使陷于困境eg：He was trapped in the game preserve. 他被困在禁獵區(qū)。in the game preserve 在禁獵區(qū)eg: Help! I'm trapped.Open the door!救命啊，我出不來了。開門！eg: They were trapped in the burning hotel.他們被困在著火的旅館里。2）v. 將（某人）誘入圈套

7、、誘騙 （某人）trap sb into doing 誘使某人做某事eg：They trapped her into marring him. 他們又騙她嫁給了他。eg：I was trapped into telling the police all I knew.我中計了，把所有知道的一切全告訴了警察3） n.（捕鳥、獸等用的）圈套、陷阱 a bear caught in a trap 熊陷入陷阱set a trap for mouse set a mousetrap 設(shè)（陷阱）；張（羅網(wǎng)）；揚(yáng)（帆），鉤住4） n. 詭計、圈套、策略eg：He fell into a trap. 他掉進(jìn)了

8、陷阱2. surface 1） n. 地面，表面a smooth surface 光滑的表面2） n. 外表、外觀look only at the surface of things 只看事情的表面on the surface 表面上的 、外觀上的friendship on the surface 表面上的友誼eg：You looked satisfied on the surface then. 那個時候你看起來表面上很滿足。3） adj. 外表的surface differences 表面上的差異 ； surface kindness 表面上的好心短語：surface mail 陸 （水）

9、路郵件、普通郵件（相反的airmail） send a letter by surface mail 寄普通郵件3. explosive 1） n. 炸藥high explosive 強(qiáng)力炸藥2） adj. 爆發(fā)的、爆發(fā)性的an explosive substance 爆炸物explosion n. 1）爆發(fā) 、爆裂、爆炸聲a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸2） 爆發(fā) an explosion of laughter 爆發(fā)出笑聲explode v. 1）（炸藥、煤氣等）爆炸事件eg：The heat exploded the corked bottle . 熱氣使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。2）（

10、因生氣、笑等）使 （感情）爆發(fā)、（感情）爆發(fā)eg：He exploded in anger. 勃然大怒eg：His jealousy exploded when she kissed another boy. 看她吻了另一個男孩、他醋勁大發(fā)。 jealousy  delsi n.妒忌；猜忌4. vibration n. 震動the vibration of the traffic 車輛來往產(chǎn)生的振動。vibrate 1） v. 振動、搖動eg：His shoulders vibrated with anger. 他氣到雙肩顫動。2） v. 受而感動， （心）顫動、驚動eg：My he

11、art vibrated to the soulful painting.那張充滿感情的畫感動了我的心靈。5. collapse 1） v. 坍塌、瓦解、崩潰eg：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 雪把房頂壓塌了. eg：The heavy flood collapsed the bridge. 大洪水使橋梁倒塌了。2） v.（計劃、事業(yè)等）垮掉、挫敗eg：Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds .因為資金短缺，我們的計劃挫敗。3） v. 折迭、可折迭eg：This table

12、 collapses, so I can store it easily .這種桌子可以折迭,不用時很容易收藏。collapse a tent 把帳篷折迭起來6. drill 1） v. 鉆孔drill a hole in the wall 在墻上鉆個洞drill a tooth 鉆牙齒2）v. 訓(xùn)練 （某人），反復(fù)練習(xí)、接受訓(xùn)練drill troops 練兵drill in English pronunciation 英語發(fā)音練習(xí)3） n. 錐子 、鉆孔機(jī) an electric drill 電鉆make a hole with a drill 用鉆打洞4） n. 訓(xùn)練、演練、演習(xí) a fi

13、re drill 消防演習(xí)drill in English words 英文單字反復(fù)練習(xí)7. capsule n. 容器、膠囊eg：He swallowed two capsules at a time. 他一下吃了兩粒膠囊。medicine ：pill  pil 藥丸、 powder  paud 藥粉 、 tablet  tæblit 藥片 、 capsule  kæpsju:l 膠囊8. layer 1）n. 層、一層a layer of clay 一層泥 clay  klei n.粘土，泥土a cake with tw

14、o layers 兩層蛋2）置放者、砌的人（通常構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞） a bricklayer 泥瓦匠3） 下蛋的雞a good layer 常下蛋的雞 a bad layer 不常下蛋的雞9. beneath 1） prep. 在.之下 （可用已表示接觸或未接觸時，稍為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)谋磉_(dá)法，一般多用under） eg：Lets take a rest beneath the tree. 讓我們在樹下休息。eg：The ground beneath my feet was soft. 我腳下的土地松軟。2）（地位、價值） 較.差的，較不值的的eg：His work is beneath contempt. 他

15、的行為使人不屑一顧eg：Such words are beneath you. 說這些話有些失你身份。10. lower 1） v. 放低（高度、位置） ，降低eg：She lowered her eyes. 他垂下眼睛。lower a flag 降旗 ； lower the sails 降帆lower the water in the canal 降低運(yùn)河中的水位2） v. 降低 （價格、數(shù)量、程度、聲音等）lower the rent of a house 降低房租； lower ones voice 壓低聲音the Lower House （兩院治的）下議院 the House of R

16、epresentatives （美）眾議院 the House of Commons （英）下議院 the Upper House 上議院11. progress1）prgresv. 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行eg：We are now progressing steadily with our work 我們現(xiàn)在工作進(jìn)展順利。2） v. 進(jìn)步、上進(jìn)eg：You have progressed quickly in mathematics. 你在數(shù)學(xué)上進(jìn)步迅速。1） n. prugres 前進(jìn)、進(jìn)行make swift progress toward the destination 朝目的地迅速前進(jìn) 。mak

17、e slow progress toward the destination朝目的地緩慢前進(jìn)。 2） n. 進(jìn)步 the progress of medicine 醫(yī)藥的進(jìn)步12. smoothly adv. 順利地、平滑地go smoothly 進(jìn)展順利eg：The escalator didnt operate smoothly. 自動扶梯沒有順利運(yùn)作 escalator  eskleit n.自動扶梯 operate  preit vi.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；動手術(shù)；起作用 vt.操作；經(jīng)營smooth 1） adj. 平滑的 、順利的（反義詞 rough） a smooth ski

18、n 光滑的皮膚 ； a smooth road 順暢的道路eg：His efforts made the smooth passage of the bill possible. 他的努力使該法案得以順利通過。2） adj. 口齒伶俐的 a smooth talker 一個能說會道的人3） adj. 溫和的eg：He is smooth in his manners. 他舉止彬彬有禮。4）v. 使平滑 （坦）smooth out a tablecloth 鋪平桌布eg：Dont forget to smooth down the board before you paint it .在刷油漆之

19、前別忘了把木料打磨光滑?！菊n文講解】1. Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. be trapped in a mine 被困在礦井2）mine 礦井，巷道，水雷a mine of information about/on sb/sth 知識的寶庫；信息的源泉eg: My grandmother is a mine of information about our family's history我的祖母是我們家史的資料庫。a gold mine 金礦 ； work in a mine 在礦場工作2. If t

20、hey are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. be brought to the surface 救到地面上來lose ones life 喪生save one's life救命3. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. rescue 1） v.（從危險等） 救出rescuefrom eg：They rescued a boy from drowning. 救了那個落水男孩。eg：The firemen rescued a baby fr

21、om the brining house.消防隊員從著火的房屋里救出一名嬰兒。2） n. 救助 go to ones rescue 去營救某人 prove v. 證明、顯示出prove + adj. eg：It proves difficult .prove + to be eg：It proves to be dfifficult .prove that eg：It proves that it is difficult . 這證明，它是困難的4. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to co

22、llapse. 真實條件句 （主將從現(xiàn)）-詳情請見Special Difficulty 5. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. on the north side of the mine 在礦井北側(cè)on both sides of the street 在街道兩邊on the other side of the square 在廣場的另一側(cè) therefore 表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副詞，所以它既可以獨(dú)立使用，也可以位于動詞或形容詞前。so 表示“因此”、“所以”時通常

23、是連詞：eg: The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive. 這套新房子（比原先的）要大些，因此比較貴。eg: His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car. 他的父母給了他一些錢，所以他能買得起一輛車。eg：His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car. （譯文同上，therefore 前后都可以有逗號，so 后面通常不用逗號）We arrive

24、d early, so we got good seats. 我到得早，因此我們找到了好座位。（so 表示“所以”、“因此”時不放在動詞前）6.They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. intend to do 打算做某事intend sb to do 打算讓某人做某事eg：He intends to study abroad next year. 他打算明年到國外留學(xué)。 eg：He intends his son to manage the company.他打算讓他兒子經(jīng)營該公司。 bring up 1） 養(yǎng)育、培育、教育e

25、g：Shes brought up three children. 她一個人養(yǎng)大了三個孩子。a well-brought up child 有教養(yǎng)的孩子 a badly-brought up child 沒有教養(yǎng)的孩子2） 提出話題eg：His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting . 他在會議上提出新的建議。7. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. 非真實條

26、件句(虛擬語氣) -詳情請見Special Difficulty8. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. as it is 實際上in fact as a matter of fact 實際上，其實eg: I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.我以為他們會幫助我們。實際上他們卻只是坐著旁觀。eg: I promised to return t

27、he books yesterday. As it is, I won't be able to do so until next Monday.我答應(yīng)昨天還書的，但事實上我要到下星期一才能還。a long way to go （本文中） 離鉆透還早著呢You still have a long way to go if you wanna marry Susan.three months to go 還有三個月9. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled t

28、he men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. enable sb to do 使某人做eg: The new contact enables us to demand whatever we want .新的通訊方式能讓我們得到想要的任何東西。 keep in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系eg：He still keeps in touch with his old friends. 他依然與他的老朋友保持聯(lián)系。 out of touch失去聯(lián)系eg：Im out of touch with economic condition

29、s now. 我不了解現(xiàn)階段的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。a near touch（a close call） 千鈞一發(fā) closest relatives immediate relatives 直系親屬10. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. run out of 耗盡 （use up） run after （chase） eg：A crowed of boys ran after the beggar. 一群男孩追趕著乞

30、丐。run over 撞倒eg：That boy was nearly run over by a car. The car nearly hit him.小男孩差一點(diǎn)兒被汽車軋了。run in（新汽車的發(fā)動機(jī)的） 磨合運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、磨合試車eg：Dont drive so fast. This car hasnt been run in yet. The car must be driven slowly so as not to damage the new engine .別開得這么快這輛車還沒有試車。run into 偶遇run across / meet with / come across

31、 / meet by chance / meet by accident eg：I ran into Helga while I was in Sweden. 我在瑞典時偶遇Helga。 cheerful興高采烈的，精神振奮的eg: You are very cheerful today. 你今天很快活。 confident in doing sth.有信心做. confident of sth確信.11. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficul

32、t it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. 非真實條件句 drill through 鉆透 lose heart 失望 lose ones nerveeg: The teacher told her students not to lose heart even if they didn't pass the exam.那個老師告訴她的學(xué)生即使他們沒通過考試也不要灰心。lose one's heart 喪失某人信心7. bring sb up8. a long way to go9. enabl

33、e sb to do sth10. keep in touch11. run out of12. lose heart【關(guān)鍵詞組摘錄】1. be trapped in 2. lose ones life3. prove difficult4. drill a hole5. on the north side of 6. intend to do sth【Key structures & Special Difficulties】 真實條件句和非真實條件句(虛擬語氣)英語中的條件句分為真實條件句和非真實條件句。一、真實條件句: 表示現(xiàn)實情況中可能實現(xiàn)的情況。真實條件句中的謂語動詞一般用一

34、般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，用一般過去式代替過去將來時。例如：If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.【詳解】條件狀語從句表示主句動作發(fā)生的條件，通常由if來引導(dǎo)，作“如果，那么”講。詳解例句時態(tài)如果主句用的是一般將來時，if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果主句是祈使句，從句也常用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果主句含有情態(tài)動詞，從句一般也用一般現(xiàn)在時。 I will visit my grandmother if I am fre

35、e. Lets go shopping if you are not busy. You must be careful if you go swimming in the river.語序if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句可以放在主句前面，常用逗號隔開；也可以放在主句的后面。If you dont hurry, you will be late. = You will be late if you dont hurry.轉(zhuǎn)換“祈使句+and (or)+陳述句”在意義上相當(dāng)于一個含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。“if+否定句”相當(dāng)于“unless+肯定句”。Hurry up, or youll be late.

36、= If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Dont come in if I dont call you. = Dont come in unless I call you.注：當(dāng)連詞if作“是否”講時，if引導(dǎo)的從句的時態(tài)要根據(jù)具體情況而定?！局锌兼溄印? ) 1. I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week. （2010山東萊蕪）Really? _ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy.A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Before

37、( ) 2. I dont know if it _ tomorrow. If it _, we wont go on a picnic. A. rains; rainsB. will rain; rains C. will rain; will rain( ) 3. We will have no water to drink _ we dont protect the earth. （2010上海）A. untilB. beforeC. thoughD. if【鞏固練習(xí)】. 單項選擇( ) 1. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us t

38、omorrow.A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming( ) 2. Do you know if he _ to play basketball with us?I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be( ) 3. You will keep healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and swimming. A

39、. if B. how C. before D. where. 根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子，每空一詞。4. 如果明天不下雨的話，我們將去動物園。We will go to the zoo _ _ _ _ tomorrow. 5. 如果你完成了作業(yè)，我們就去下象棋。_ _ _ _ _, lets go to play chess.6. 如果人人都能保護(hù)環(huán)境，世界將會變得更美好。If everyone protects the environment, the world _ _ _ _.二、非真實條件句: 也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實情況相反的假設(shè)情況。主句和從句中的謂語動詞都需要使用虛擬語氣。在表

40、示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時，謂語動詞有三種形式。其具體形式如下：時間概念 條件從句中的謂語動詞 主句中的謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實相反 did/were would(could/should/ might)+do與過去事實相反 had done/been would(could/should/might)+have done與將來事實相反 did/were would(could/should/ might)+ doshould do were to do注意：1. 上述主句的謂語中，would表示結(jié)果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允許或可能性，should主要用第一人稱后。2. 條件從句

41、的謂語動詞為be時，不管其主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)通常用were。例如：If he were here now, we could ask him about it. (與現(xiàn)在事實相反)3. 混合條件句。當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為與主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。例如：If he had followed the doctors advice then, he would be quite all right now. （從句表示過去時間，主句表示現(xiàn)在時間）4. (省if )倒裝的虛擬條件句。 虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should或ha

42、d, 可將if省略，把were, should或had 移到從句主語前形成倒裝。例如：Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.5. If it werent for和If it hadnt been for是兩個很常用的虛擬語氣句型，其意為“若不是（有），要不是有”。前者談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在的情況，后者談?wù)撨^去的情況。一、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. What will you do if it _ (rain) tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready.2.

43、 She told me that she would not go with me if it _ (rain) the next day.3. If I _ (be) you, I would plant some trees round the house.4. If I had been you then, I _ (not quarrel) with him.5. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of thi

44、s country _ (not be) so serious. 二、選擇填空1. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tellsC. told D. had told2. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. take B. had takenC. took D. have taken3. If he _ my ad

45、vice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should followC. had followed D. would follow4. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be saved D. was saved5. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the f

46、ilms so often.A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they were not6. The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And myvegetables _.A. wouldnt die B. didnt dieC. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died補(bǔ)充：狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses）指用

47、作狀語起副詞作用的句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。英語中常見狀語從句的分類及常用的引導(dǎo)詞：類型常用的引導(dǎo)詞時間狀語從句when, as, while, after, before, till (until), as soon as, since原因狀語從句because, since, as結(jié)果狀語從句so that, such that目的狀語從句so that, in order that條件狀語從句if, unless, as long as讓步狀語從句although, though, even if (though)【例句觀察】When I

48、 came into the room, my brother was playing on the computer. 我進(jìn)到屋里的時候，弟弟在玩電腦。Since you are in China, you must obey the Chinese law. 因為你在中國，所以你必須要遵守中國的法律。The old man was so excited that he could not say a word. 老人激動得一句話也說不出來了。Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. 請你說清楚點(diǎn)，以便大家都能明白。You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持這本書清潔，你就可以借。He wen