醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)英語(yǔ)單詞

1、internal environment內(nèi)環(huán)境homeostasis穩(wěn)態(tài)negative feedback負(fù)反饋positive feedback正反饋simple diffusion單純擴(kuò)散facilitated diffusion via ion channel經(jīng)通道易化擴(kuò)散facilitated diffusion via carrier經(jīng)載體易化擴(kuò)散primary active transport原發(fā)性主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)secondary active transport繼發(fā)性主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)exocytosis出胞endocytosis入胞resting potential靜息電位hyperpolar

2、ization超極化polarization極化depolarization去極化overshoot超射repolarization復(fù)極spike potential鋒電位threshold閾值salutatory conduction跳躍式傳導(dǎo)threshold potential閾電位local potential局部電位spatial summation空間總和temporal summation時(shí)間總和excitation興奮excitability興奮性excitation-contraction coupling興奮收縮耦聯(lián)absolute refractory period絕對(duì)不

3、應(yīng)期relative refractory period相對(duì)不應(yīng)期supranormal period超常期subnormal period低常期end-plate potential終板電位calcium induced Ca release鈣觸發(fā)鈣釋放performance of contraction收縮效能isometric contraction等長(zhǎng)收縮isotonic contraction等張收縮preload前負(fù)荷initial length初長(zhǎng)度optimal initial length最適初長(zhǎng)度afterload后負(fù)荷contractility肌肉收縮能力tetanus強(qiáng)

4、直收縮cardiac cycle心動(dòng)周期period of isovolumic contraction 等容收縮期end-diastolic volume 舒張末期容積ejection fraction 射血分?jǐn)?shù)cardiac output 心輸出量cardiac index 心指數(shù)stroke work 每搏功heterometric regulation異長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)ventricular compliance 心室順應(yīng)性homometric regulation 等長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)cardiac reserve心力儲(chǔ)備autorhythmicity 自動(dòng)節(jié)律性inward rectifier K+ c

5、hannel 內(nèi)向整流鉀通道transient outward current 一過(guò)性外向電流plateau 平臺(tái)期delayed rectifier K+ current 延遲整流鉀流myocardial contractility 心肌收縮能力maximal repolarization potential 最大復(fù)極電位pacemaker current 起搏電流latent pacemaker 潛在起搏點(diǎn)conductivity 傳導(dǎo)性preferential pathway 優(yōu)勢(shì)傳導(dǎo)通路atrioventricular delay 房-室延擱electrocardiogram 心電圖m

6、ean circulatory filling pressure 循環(huán)系統(tǒng)平均充盈壓peripheral resistance 外周阻力systolic pressure 收縮壓diastolic pressure 舒張壓central venous pressure 中心靜脈壓transmural pressure 跨壁壓microcirculation 微循環(huán)effective filtration pressure 有效濾過(guò)壓positive chronotropic action 正性變時(shí)作用negative dromotropic action 負(fù)性變傳導(dǎo)作用positive ino

7、tropic action 正性變力作用cardiac vagal tone 心迷走緊張sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone 交感縮血管緊張cardiovascular center 心血管中樞baroreceptor reflex 壓力感受性反射buffer nerve 緩沖神經(jīng)chemoreceptor 化學(xué)感受器renin-angiotensin system腎素-血管緊張素系統(tǒng)epinephrine, adrenaline腎上腺素interstitial fluid 組織液coronary circulation 冠脈循環(huán)compensatory pause

8、代償間歇premature systole (extrasystole)期前收縮arterial pulse動(dòng)脈脈搏overdrive suppression 超速驅(qū)動(dòng)壓抑hemodynamics 血流動(dòng)力學(xué)arteriovenous shunt 短路血管（動(dòng)-靜脈短路）bradykinin緩激肽respiration呼吸pulmonary ventilation 肺通氣inspiration吸氣expiration呼氣eupnea平靜呼吸dyspnea呼吸困難abdominal breathing腹式呼吸thoracic breathing胸式呼吸pneumothorax氣胸specific

9、 compliance 比順應(yīng)性intrapleural pressure胸膜腔內(nèi)壓elastic resistance彈性阻力surfactant表面活性物質(zhì)alveolar ventilation肺泡通氣量intrapulmonary pressure肺內(nèi)壓tidal volume潮氣量vital capacity肺活量minute ventilation volume 每分通氣量forced vital capacity用力肺活量physiological dead space生理無(wú)效腔ventilation/perfusion ratio 通氣/血流比值oxygen capacity氧

10、容量oxygen content氧含量oxygen dissociation curve氧離曲線carbaminohemoglobin氨基甲酸血紅蛋白Bohr effect波爾效應(yīng)oxygen saturation氧飽和度carbonic anhydrase碳酸酐酶respiratory center呼吸中樞pneumotaxic center呼吸調(diào)整中樞pulmonary stretch reflex肺牽張反射digestion消化 mechanical digestion 機(jī)械性消化 chemical digestion 化學(xué)性消化absorption吸收slow wave慢波basic

11、electrical rhythm，BER基本電節(jié)律intrinsic nervous system內(nèi)在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)extrinsic nervous system外來(lái)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)gastrointestinal hormone（gut hormone）胃腸激素pepsinogen胃蛋白酶原gastric mucosal barrier胃黏膜屏障intrinsic factor內(nèi)因子gastrin胃泌素receptive relaxation容受性舒張gastric emptying胃的排空migrating motor complex，MMC移行性復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)segmental motility分節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)

12、enterogastric reflex腸胃反射peristalsis蠕動(dòng)trophic action 營(yíng)養(yǎng)作用energy metabolism能量代謝thermal equivalent of food食物的熱價(jià)thermal equivalent of oxygen食物的氧熱價(jià)respiratory quotient， RQ呼吸商non-protein respiratory quotient， NPRQ非蛋白呼吸商specific dynamic effect特殊動(dòng)力效應(yīng)basal metabolism rate， BMR基礎(chǔ)代謝率body temperature體溫set point

13、調(diào)頂點(diǎn)nephron腎單位juxtaglomerular apparatus球旁器macula densa致密斑tubuloglomerular feedback管球反饋glomerulotubular balance球管平衡glomerular filtration rate， GFR腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率filtration fraction， FF濾過(guò)分?jǐn)?shù)filtration equilibrium濾過(guò)平衡 renal threshold for glucose腎糖閾osmotic diuresis滲透性利尿water diuresis水利尿clearance清除率reabsorption重吸收r

14、enal plasma flow，RPF腎血漿流量vasa rectaU直小血管receptor感受器adequate stimulus適宜刺激receptor potencial感受器電位reduced eye簡(jiǎn)化眼visual acuity視敏度near point of vision近點(diǎn)myopia近視hyperopia遠(yuǎn)視astigmatism散光rod cell視桿細(xì)胞cone cell視錐細(xì)胞dark adaptation暗適應(yīng)light adaptation明適應(yīng)visual field視野Cochlear micro-phonic potential耳蝸微音器電位trophic

15、 action 神經(jīng)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)性作用functional action神經(jīng)的功能性作用 axoplasmic transport軸漿運(yùn)輸Postsynaptic potential突觸后電位Excitatory postsynaptic potential興奮性突觸后電位Inhibitory postsynaptic potential抑制性突觸后電位 postsynaptic inhibition突觸后抑制presynaptic inhibition突觸前抑制 Afferent collateral inhibition傳入側(cè)支性抑制Recurrent inhibition回返性抑制varico

16、sity)曲張?bào)wneurotransmitter神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)neuromodulator神經(jīng)調(diào)質(zhì)receptor受體one way conduction單向傳播central delay中樞延擱Sensory Projection System感覺(jué)投射系統(tǒng)Specific Projection System特異性投射系統(tǒng)Non-specific Projection System非特異性投射系統(tǒng)Ascending reticular activating system腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)上行激動(dòng)系統(tǒng)sensory column感覺(jué)柱referred pain牽涉痛cortical evoked poten

17、tial皮層誘發(fā)電位Electroencephalogram腦電圖 electrocorticogram皮層電圖 slow wave sleep慢波睡眠fast wave sleep快波睡眠motor unit運(yùn)動(dòng)單位stretch reflex牽張反射muscle tonus肌緊張tendon reflex腱反射muscle spindle 肌梭tendon organ腱器官moter column運(yùn)動(dòng)柱spinal shock脊休克spinal animal脊動(dòng)物decerebrate animal去大腦動(dòng)物decerebrate rigidity去大腦僵直vestibulocerebellum前庭小腦spinocerebellum脊髓小腦cerebrocerebellum皮層小腦intention tremor意向性震顫static tremor 靜止性震顫biorhythm生物節(jié)律defense reaction防御反應(yīng)loss of mrmory遺忘feeding center攝食中樞satiety center飽中樞endocrine內(nèi)分泌 per