現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(經(jīng)典)PPT通用課件

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系have been 與與have gone 比較比較與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)have (hashave (has）+ + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞present(now)futurepast 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)( present perfect tense)do my homework 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法上一頁(yè)

2、下一頁(yè)- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)主菜單1. 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的

3、某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 2.2.表示表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。（這一用法與（這一用法與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)相同：相同： have / has + been + v.ing。）。） They have lived here for 30 years. 他們已經(jīng)在這兒住了他們已經(jīng)在這兒住了30年。年。 (30年以前開(kāi)始住在這兒，現(xiàn)在還住在這兒。年以前開(kāi)始住在

4、這兒，現(xiàn)在還住在這兒。) I have learned English since I was five years old. 我從五歲時(shí)就學(xué)英語(yǔ)。我從五歲時(shí)就學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 （五歲時(shí)開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)，到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)。）（五歲時(shí)開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)，到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用: 1）already 和和yet already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在在句中時(shí)，位于助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)句中時(shí)，位于助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。詞前。 yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，一般在句末。用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，一般在句末。 I have already finished my ho

5、mework. I havent finished my homework yet. 2）ever和和never ever用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中，在句中用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中，在句中位位于助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。于助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。 never用于句中，用于句中，助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞后，助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，表示否定意義。表示否定意義。 He has ever been to Paris. He has never been to Paris.3） just表示表示“剛剛剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用

6、在助動(dòng)詞等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間）和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間） He has just come back. 他剛剛回來(lái)。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。4）for 和和 since for 后面跟一段時(shí)間，后面跟一段時(shí)間，since后面跟的是時(shí)間點(diǎn)后面跟的是時(shí)間點(diǎn)，這，這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)可能是單詞、短語(yǔ)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)可能是單詞、短語(yǔ)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。帶有帶有for或或since短語(yǔ)的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性短語(yǔ)的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞。He has been here for th

7、ree days.He has been here since yesterday.He has been here since two days ago / last Monday.He has been here since his wife died.3.3.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷. .上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace? to the Summer Palace?(我曾去過(guò)頤和園我曾去過(guò)頤和園) I I havehave never never had

8、 had a car.a car. (我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)。我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)。)主菜單現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常與常與already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now, up to now, so far, so far, for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 連用連用上

9、一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。多年的英語(yǔ)。(從從10年前開(kāi)始年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí) (半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單2.2.表示表示過(guò)去過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始已經(jīng)開(kāi)

10、始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)態(tài). .常與常與since + since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + for + 一段時(shí)一段時(shí)間，間，so far so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間2. since +從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)) 單詞 詞組 (表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 ye

11、ars ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.注2): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?4. 過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成：過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成和過(guò)去式一樣，不規(guī)則規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成和過(guò)去式一樣，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)課本（八

12、下或九年級(jí)課本最后動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)課本（八下或九年級(jí)課本最后一頁(yè)）。一頁(yè)）。記憶不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞，可以分為記憶不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞，可以分為 以下幾類(lèi)來(lái)記：以下幾類(lèi)來(lái)記：A A A 型原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形： hithit hitcostcost costlet let let put put put read read read A B B 型過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形： buy bought bought feelfelt felt findfound foundhavehad hadA B C 型原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞各異 dodid done flyflew flow

13、nwritewrote writtengowent goneA B A 型 原形與過(guò)去分詞同形 comecame come becomebecame becomeA A B 型型 原形與過(guò)去式同形beatbeat beaten延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（終止性動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（終止性動(dòng)詞） 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作如：如：learn, work, keep, have, wait, stay等。等。 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞，表也稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)

14、詞，表示示 不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束,不不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如如:die, begin, finish, come, go, open, leave, join, marry / get married等。等。 leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) b

15、e (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be短暫性短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)不能與時(shí)間段連用間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：，這些動(dòng)詞是：等。等。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)為了表述這種意思為了表述這種意思, ,我們常用相應(yīng)的我們常用相應(yīng)的來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。主菜單 become become be be, begin , begin havehave ,

16、, borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, arrive, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( from), be away ( from), 下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單 但在否定

17、句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。以與時(shí)間段連用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bought the bike for a year. year. 我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)還不到一年。我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)還不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come here for an hour. t come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單 翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)：習(xí)： 1. 1.我買(mǎi)了這塊手表五年了。我買(mǎi)了這塊手表五年了。 2. 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了

18、。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man ha

19、s been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單 3.3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。 4. 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。 5. 5.我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sinces

20、ince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for

21、10 years. years.WWW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單have been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已經(jīng)去了經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。已在那兒了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)呆在某處一段時(shí)間了間了”上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單用用have been to, have gone to, have been in的適當(dāng)形的適當(dāng)形

22、式填空式填空1. - Where is Tom? He has gone to the library.2. How many times have you been to Paris?3. I havent seen you for a long time. Where have you been? I have been to Guangzhou.4. How long have you been in this school? I have been in this school for three years.5. My brother has been in the army sin

23、ce he left high school. 與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較一一. .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典。他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典。他曾買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)第一句用現(xiàn)在

24、完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has ithe still has it” ” “ “過(guò)去他買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典，過(guò)去他買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。調(diào)說(shuō)明。主菜單二當(dāng)有

25、一個(gè)表示二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí): : 上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以來(lái)以來(lái))+)+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜單三常與一般過(guò)去

26、時(shí)連用的典型的三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ): :上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterday(前天前天), ),just now(just now(剛才剛才) )， 時(shí)間時(shí)間+ ago, + ago, last +last +時(shí)間時(shí)間 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜單動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ y

27、ou _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see)

28、it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twic

29、e. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their softwa

30、re programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單選用選用

31、forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.